It is the objective of this paper to study pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) characteristics of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 on the effect of inducing nitric oxide (NO) release after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats with myocardial ischemia. The model of myocardial ischemia rats was produced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. The serum samples were collected at different time points after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats with the dose of 10.8 mL x kg(-1). The concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in serum were determined, and then the concentration-time curves were drawn. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were calculated after the construction of pharmacokinetic models. Meanwhile, NO2- and NO3-, the metabolites of NO, in serum were determined, and then the effect-time curve was drawn. The combined PK-PD model was established based on the theory of effect compartment by Sheiner et al. Then pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 conformed to a two-compartment model. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 exhibited quick and slow elimination in rats respectively. The effect of Shengmai injection on inducing NO release did not relate directly with and lagged behind the concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in serum. The effect exhibited good correlation with ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 levels in effect compartment. The relationship between effect and serum concentration fits Sigmoid-E(max) model. This study successfully established the combined PK-PD model of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats. The model can efficiently predict the concentration and effect of Shengmai injection in vivo.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE To investigate the HIV infections states in tumor patients for clinical diagnosis,treatment and to prevent HIV infection in the tumor hospital.METHODS The result of HIV detection in tumor patients from Dec 2000 to Aug 2006 was analyzed by the review statistics analysis.RESULTS Totally 48 101 tumor paients were detected,and the number of tumor patients with positive HIV antibody result was 51(0.106%).Among the positive patients there were 21 cases with blood transfusion history,14 cases with blood donating experience,2 cases with both these two kinds of experiences and 14 cases without the two kinds of experiences.Their rate was separately 41.0%,27.5%,4.0% and 27.5%.Most of the HIV positive patients had no clinical synptoms.CONCLUSIONS The HIV positive rate of patients with blood transfusion or blood donating is significantly higher than the patients without these experiences.The routine detection for the HIV before the operation,blood transfusion or other traumatic detection is very necessary.

OBJECTIVETo compare the hybrid between species of Dendrobium huoshanense and its parents on growing, physiologic indexes and content of medicinal components, and provide theoretical basis for species quality improvement.

METHODThe chlorophyll content, the photosynthesis rate, the polysaccharides content and the alkaloids content were measured by anhydrous ethanol method, Cl-310 photosynthesis determination system, colorimetry of concentrated sulphuric acid-phenol and acid dyes colorimetry respectively.

RESULTThe growth of hybrid was close to D. moniliforme, and apparently higher than D. huoshanense. The chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis rate of one-year-hybrid were markedly higher than its parents. The content of polysaccharides and alkaloids in two-year-stem and three-year-stem of hybrid were close to that of D. huoshanense.

CONCLUSIONThe hybrid integrates superiority of parents on growth and accumulation of medicinal components opens vast vistas for development and utilization.

Alkaloids ; analysis ; Chlorophyll ; analysis ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Photosynthesis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

Objective To construct an hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system,and observe its effectiveness and safety on patients with acute on chronic liver failure.Methods Hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system (HBALSS) was constructed using bioreactor with HepG2 cells transfected with human augmenter of liver regeneration (hALR) gene.12 acute on chronic liver failure patients were divided into 2 groups randomly.The treatment group was treated with the hybrid bioartificial liver support system.The group underwent plasma exchange was used as control.Results In the treatment group,four patients recovered,one patient died of hepatic encephalopathy,one patient died of hepatorenal syndrome,one patient recovered,but died of gastrointestnal bleeding after 1 year.In control group,two patients recovered,one patient underwent orthotropic liver transplantation,and three patients died of liver failure.Conclusion The hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system with HepG2 cell line was established successfully and have certain safety and effectiveness on acute on chronic liver failure patients.

Objective To obtain guiding recommendations for the development of fertility preservation in female patients of reproductive age,so as to promote the scientific,standardized and orderly implementation of fertility preservation work.Methods A previous questionnaire survey was used to determine the preliminary recommendations,a modified Delphi method was used to invite 18 domestic experts of fertility preservation to conduct two rounds of expert consultation.Then we adjusted and summarized recommendations according to the results of the consultation.Results Finally,14 guiding recommendations for the development of fertility preservation in female patients of reproductive age were obtained according to the results of the Delphi consultation,including 5 recommendations at technical level,5 recommendations at political level and 4 recommendations at educational level.At technical level,it was proposed to establish a standardized operation process;at political level,it was proposed to improve the relevant legislation of fertility preservation in China to protect the safety and interests of patients;at educational level,it was suggested to take various forms to promote the mass dissemination of fertility preservation knowledge.Conclusion Guiding recommendations for fertility preservation in female patients of reproductive age can provide detailed and comprehensive guidance for promoting fertility preservation in female patients of reproductive age in Shanghai,and provide reference for carrying out fertility preservation in other regions.

An automatic system for marine meiobenthos separation was developed by using laser-induced fluorescence technology. Rose Bengal was used as organism dye and the spectrums of Rose Bengal were measured. Laser-induced fluorescence system was established to detect marine meiobenthos in sediments. Data obtained from experiments were analyzed by using a mathematical model. The results showed that laser-induced fluorescence technology worked well in the system. The system could select the meiobenthos efficiently and precisely.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Filtration ; methods ; Geologic Sediments ; analysis ; Invertebrates ; classification ; Lasers ; Oceans and Seas ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods

Chinese medicine (CM) clinical efficacy evaluation research involves the longitudinal multivariate measurement which means that patients are measured repeatedly and each patient is measured by several indicators on each fixed cross-section. Although each indicator can be evaluated separately with a longitudinal linear mixed model, it is important to consider all the endpoints together especially when researchers pay special attention to the change of the conjoint efficacy for several indicators in one patient. In this article, we introduce a latent variable linear mixed model to the CM conjoint efficacy evaluation and discuss why and how to analyze the longitudinal multivariate endpoint data in the clinical CM efficacy evaluation research. It may lead to the new insight of using such methodology in the field of conjoint efficacy evaluating of CM study. And with the definition of syndrome and symptom in the CM theory, the applied discussion brings the insight of CM syndrome evaluating in future. We illustrate this methodology using an example of CM efficacy evaluation from an ischemic stroke research.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Endpoint Determination ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Research Design ; statistics & numerical data ; Stroke ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of cationic liposome-mediated interleukin-12 gene delivery on established murine melanoma in vivo.

METHODSThe lipofectin encapsulated pCmIL-12 plasmid was given to C57BL/6 mice on the day 3,5,7,9 after inoculation of B16 melanoma cells. The tumor size, the survival time of mice and the NK cell activity were observed.

RESULTSThe pCmIL-12 plasmid coupled with cationic liposome inhibited the tumor growth and improved the survival of mice bearing established melanoma. The activity of NK cells was also enhanced after interleukin-12 gene delivery in vivo.

CONCLUSIONCationic liposome-mediated interleukin-12 gene delivery has significantly therapeutic effects on mice melanoma in vivo.

Animals ; Cations ; DNA ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Interleukin-12 ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Liposomes ; Melanoma, Experimental ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of 'erythroblast island (EI)' formation in the bone marrow of patients with immun-related hemocytopenia (IRP).

METHODSThe category of BM-auto antibody (au Ab) in 48 patients with IRP was detected with FCM. The BM-au Ab in the 'EI' of these cases were explored with immuonhistofluorescence (IF). Clinical and laboratory characteristics of these cases were also analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSIgG could be detected in the 'EI' on the BM smear of 14 cases (29.17%), BM-au Ab mainly deposited at the edge/membranes between macrophage and erythroblasts rather than cyto plasm. Positive reaction were seen in all the cases with GlycoAIgG. The red blood cell count [(1.8 ± 0.5) × 10(12)/L] and hemoglobin level [(59.6 ± 16.2)g/L] were significantly lower than that in the IF(-) group [(2.5 ± 0.9) × 10(12)/L and (83.4 ± 25.0) g/L] (P < 0.05). The percentage of reticulocyte [(2.0 ± 0.8)%], serum level of IBIL [(9.4 ± 4.7) µmol/L], percentage of erythroblats in sternum BM (0.441 ± 0.139) and response rate to therapy (85.7%) in IF(+) group were significantly higher than that in IF(-)group [(1.3 ± 1.0)%, (6.6 ± 6.7)µmol/L, 0.298 ± 0.082, 61.3%, respectively] (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMacrophage was connected with erythroblasts through autologous IgG in the 'EI's of some patients with IRP. 'EI' were the places where macrophages devoured and destroyed erythroblasts rather than erythroid development and differentiation. The pathogenetic mechanism of IRP might be associated with macrophages phagocytosing and destroying BM hematopoietic cells.

Blood Cell Count ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; Coombs Test ; Erythroblasts ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for the determination of serum level of Crebanine (Cre) and study on the pharmacokinetics of Cre injection in rabbits.

METHODTo sample blood serum from the rabbits' ears which were injected the Cre by 2.0 mg x kg(-1) at different time and use HPLC to determine the concentration of Cre in it, the pharmacokinetic parameters were accessed by the DAS software.

RESULTCre was fitted to a two compartment open pharmacokinetic model in rabbits. There was no signifiant difference between the male and female rabbits'pharmacokinetic by t-test. The mainly pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2alpha = (3. 246 +/-0.222) min, t1/2beta = (36.67+/-5.52) min, Cmax = (1.401 +/- 0.062) mg x L(-1), Vd = (5.928 +/- 0.877) L x kg(-1), Cl = (0. 051 +/-0.003) L x min(-1) x kg(-1).

CONCLUSIONThis experiment can objectively show the pharmacokinetics regularity of Crebanine injection in rabbits. Crebanine injection was a speeding disposition drug (t1/2 <1 h) and disposed extensively and rapidly in rabbits.

Animals ; Aporphines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Injections ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Stephania ; chemistry