Objective To screen differentially expressed genes in placentas with hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection and to discuss the molecular mechanism of HBV intrauterine infection.Methods Thirty placenta tissue specimens from HBsAg and HBV DNA positive pregnant women were used as the study group and 30 placenta tissue specimens from normal pregnant women with HBsAg and HBV DNA negativity were served as the control group.The suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH)technique was used.Total RNAs of placenta tissue of the study group were mixed as the tester,and total RNAs of placenta tissue of the control group were mixed as the driver.A subtractive cDNA library was constructed by PCR-selective cDNA subtraction systems.Amplifications of the library were carried out with E.coil strain DH5? by reverse spot hybridization.RT-PCR confirmed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)was up-regulated in placenta tissue with HBV infection.Results Colony PCR showed that the clones contained 200-1000 bp inserts. Thirty five clones were confirmed by reverse spot hybridization and analyzed by sequencing and bioinformatics.Thirty three known genes and 2 genes with unknown function were obtained.RT-PCR preliminarily confirmed that PI3K gene was up-regulated in HBV infected placenta.Conclusions The differentially expressed genes in placentas with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection using SSH technique has been screened out successfully.These differentially expressed genes encoding proteins participating in cell vital metabolism and malformation,and signal conduction-antiapoptosis pathway.This finding brings some new clues for studying the mechanisms of HBV intrauterine infection.

Objective To analyse incidence of the severe complications of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and the influence on the outcome of pregnancy.Methods A retrospective study of 4107 cases among 71 020 cases who delivered in hospitals from 1995 to 2004 in Guangzhou was conducted. Results The morbidity of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy was 5.78%,in which the morbidity of severe pre-eclampsia was 27.78% (1141/4107),of mitis pre-eclampsia was 72.22% (2966/4107). Maternal mortality rate was 0.19% (8/4107),and the specific mortality rate was 11.26/100 000.The proportion of severe complications of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy from high to low was as follows:placental abruption 1.68% (69/4107),DIC 1.36% (56/4107),hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy induced cardiopathy(induced cardiopathy) 1.05% (43/4107),renal failure 0.97% (40/4107),cerebrovascular accident 0.58% (24/4107),and hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome 0.51% (21/4107).Mortality caused by severe complications of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy were as follows:cerebrovascular accident 17% (4/24),HELLP syndrome 10% (2/21),DIC 5% (3/56) and induced cardiopathy 2% (1/43).The proportion of perinatal mortality from severe complications were as follows:placental abruption 43% (33/77),HELLP syndrome 42% (10/ 24),DIC 34% (22/64),renal failure 25% (11/44),cerebro vascular accident 24% (6/25)and induced cardiopathy 16% (8/49).Conclusions (1) The morbidity of severe complications from high to low are: placental abruption,DIC,induced eardiopathy,renal failure,eerebro vascular accident and HELLP syndrome.(2) The main causes of mortality for gravida and puerperant are:cerebro vascular accident, HELLP syndrome,DIC and induced cardiopathy.(3) The major complications harmful to perinatal newborns are in the order of:placental abruption,HELLP syndrome,DIC,renal failure,eerebro vascular accident and induced cardiopathy.

Rutaecarpine (Rut) is a type of indole quinazoline alkaloid exracted from Ruticarpum. Studies showed that Rut has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypertension, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-thrombus formation. Currently, many scholars are committed to developing it into a new antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drug with all new mechanisms. But studies found that Rut is a highly fat-soluble drug with low water and oil solubility. Its high insolubility is the main obstacle in its oral absorption and application, which greatly reduced its bioavailability. Therefore, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was used as the inclusion material to prepare Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion complex in this experiment, in order to increase its water solubility and bioavailability. In this experiment, the inclusion complex was prepared by the stirring-freeze-dry method. The preparation process was optimized by the orthogonal test, with the inclusion rate as the index, and molar ratio between host and guest molecules, inclusion temperature, time and stirring speed as the impacting factors. Moreover, the inclusion complex was verified by detecting the apparent solubility, thin layer chromatography, microscopic identification, melting point detection and dissolution study. The results showed that under the conditions of the molar ratio between Rut and HP-beta-CD of 1: 1, temperature at 60 degrees C, inclusion time of 4h and stirring speed at 600 r x min(-1), the inclusion rate of Rut-HP-beta-CD reached 91.04%. Therefore, the preparation process of Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion under the optimum conditions is simple and feasible, with a highest inclusion rate and reproducibility, and could significantly improve Rut's solubility and bioavailability, and provide a reliable experimental basis for its clinical application.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Solubility ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of organ failure and its risk factors in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 186 patients with SAP who were had been hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Jinzhong First People's Hospital between March 2000 and October 2009. The patients met the diagnostic criteria of SAP set by the Surgical Society of the Chinese Medical Association in 2006. The variables collected included age, gender, etiology of SAP, the number of comorbidit, APACHEII score, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) pancreatic necrosis, CT severity index (CTSI) , abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) , the number of organ failure, and the number of death. The prevalence and mortality of organ failure were calculated. The variables were analyzed by unconditional multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent risk factors for organ failure in SAP. RESULTS: Of 186 patients, 96 had organ failure. In the 96 patients, 47 died. There was a significant association among the prevalence of organ failure and age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis, CTSI, and ACS. An increase in age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis were correlated with increased number of organ failure. Age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis, CTSI and ACS were assessed by unconditional multivariate logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: Organ failure occurred in 51.6％ of the 186 patients with SAP. The mortality of SAP with organ failure was 49.0％. Age, the number of comorbidity, APACHEII score, CECT pancreatic necrosis, CTSI and ACS are independent risk factors of organ failure.

Background The in vitro culture of retinal vascular endothelial cells is the foundation of experimental study of retinal vascular disease. Shortage of human donor eyeballs is a main limiting for the laboratory work. The culture method of rat-derived vascular endothelial cells has been established. However, this method is not enough effective because of severer cellullar injury. Objective Present study was to establish a simple and high effective method for the culture of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Methods The retinas from 5 SPF SD rats was digested by 0. 1% collagenase and cultured with explant culture method. 20% fetal bovine serum, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) , insulin-transferrin-selenium( ITS) were composed into the endothelial cell culture medium, and enough blowing was performed to get the cells and fragments from retinal tissue. The cellular suspension was prepared and cultured consequently on human fibronectin-coated culture flasks. Cultured vascular endothelial cells were identified by anti-von Willebrand staining factor. Results The cells emerged from the tissue mass,and cells and some tissue fragments attached to the wall after 24 hours of seeding. The cells grew to show the fusiform in 4 days and merged together in 5 to 6 days,and a cell monolayer was seen in the 14th day after culture. The endothelial cells showed the positive response for von Willebrand factor. After passage, the merging-growth statue of the cells was regained in 2 hours after culture. Conclusion Use of retinal pieces and collagenase-digestion can get the vascular endothelial cells with better activity in vitro. The culture method based on highly selective endothelial cell culture medium associated to FN adhesion-promoting is helpful for gaining the purified of endothelial cells.

Animals ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo construct the folic acid deficient model in zebrafish and observe the abnormal cardiac phenotypes, to find the optimal period for supplementing folic acid that can most effectively prevent the heart malformation induced by folic acid deficiency, and to investigate the possible mechanisms by which folic acid deficiency induces malformations of heart.

METHODThe folic acid deficient zebrafish model was constructed by using both the folic acid antagonist methotrexate (MTX) and knocking-down dhfr (dihydrofolate reductase gene). Exogenous tetrahydrofolic acid rescue experiment was performed. Folic acid was given to folic acid deficient groups in different periods. The percent of cardiac malformation, the cardiac phenotypes, the heart rate and the ventricular shortening fraction (VSF) were recorded. The out flow tract (OFT) was observed by using fluorescein micro-angiography. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and real-time PCR were performed to detect vmhc, amhc, tbx5 and nppa expressions.

RESULTAbout (78.00 ± 3.74)% embryos in MTX treated group and (68.00 ± 6.32)% embryos in dhfr knocking-down group had heart malformations, including the abnormal cardiac shapes, the hypogenesis of OFT and the reduced heart rate and VSF. Giving exogenous tetrahydrofolic acid rescued the above abnormalities. Given the folic acid on 8 - 12 hours post-fertilization (hpf), both the MTX treated group (20.20% ± 3.77%) and dhfr knocking-down group (43.40% ± 4.51%) showed the most significantly reduced percent of cardiac malformation and the most obviously improved cardiac development. In folic acid deficient group, the expressions of tbx5 and nppa were reduced while the expressions of vmhc and amhc appeared normal. After being given folic acid to MTX treated group and dhfr knocking-down group, the expressions of tbx5 and nppa were increased.

CONCLUSIONSThe synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid was decreased in our folic acid deficient model. Giving folic acid in the middle period, which is the early developmental stage, can best prevent the abnormal developments of hearts induced by folic acid deficiency. Folic acid deficiency did not disrupt the differentiations of myosins in ventricle and atrium. The cardiac malformations caused by folic acid deficiency were related with the reduced expressions of tbx5 and nppa.

Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Folic Acid ; metabolism ; Folic Acid Deficiency ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Heart ; drug effects ; embryology ; growth & development ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; Zebrafish ; embryology ; genetics

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastritis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Retrospective Studies

The aim of the present study was to observe whether protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was involved in the regulation of ventilatory responses of peripheral chemoreflex. The experiments were performed on anesthetized, immobilized and artificially ventilated rabbits. Peripheral chemoreflex was elicited by ventilating the animal with 10% O2-balance 90% N2. Changes in the peak amplitude and frequency of integrated phrenic nerve activity were observed. The ventilatory responses of peripheral chemoreflex following 0.1 microl microinjection within the NTS of either PTK inhibitor genistein (10 mol/L), AMPA glutamate receptor inhibitor CNQX (10 mol/L),or inactive PTK inhibitor daidzein (10 mol/L) were recorded. The results are as follows: Both genistein and CNQX attenuated the ventilatory responses of peripheral chemoreflex, while no changes occurred following daidzein. The amplitude of integrated phrenic nerve discharge and the phrenic burst frequency were decreased by (-21.77+/-6.93)% and (-24.70+/-7.61)% respectively after administration of genistein. CNQX resulted in similar decreases in the amplitude of phrenic nerve discharge (-27.13+/-7.63)% and the burst frequency (-21.34+/-4.88)%. In addition, the inhibitory effects of CNQX and genistein were the same whether they were applied alone or one after another, indicating that they had no cooperative effects. The results obtained suggest that PTK within the NTS regulates the peripheral chemoreflex control of respiration and that this regulation of PTK may be mediated through the phosphorylation of AMPA receptors in NTS neurons.
Animals ; Brain Stem ; enzymology ; physiology ; Chemoreceptor Cells ; physiology ; Female ; Male ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, AMPA ; physiology ; Respiration ; Solitary Nucleus ; enzymology

The change in plasma ghrelin level after 4-and 12-week adjunctive therapy of rosiglitazones in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by sulphonylurea alone was observed and the relation between ghrelin and insulin resistance was analysed.The results showed that rosiglitazones significantly increased circulating ghrelin level and obviously decreased insulin resistance index after therapy for 4 and 12 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients.