Using Vibrio fluvialis Ⅱ as host bacteria, 19 bacteriophages have been isolated from the 76 samples which were collected from Haliotis discus hannai ～growing seawater in Dalian marine culture company Dalian, liaoning province from May in 1996 to August I 1997. Ultrastructure of 19 bacteriophages were observed with electron to Bradley the results showed that of these bacteriophages belonged to Bradley A type, they have hexagonal heads of bacteriophages were identified with VP1,VP2,VP4,VP8 as representatives respectively. The phages remain stable at pH6. 0～10. 0, moreover VP2,VP4 and VP8 are rather stable at basic pHs. Although the characterization of heat inactivation course of VP4 is different from others, four phages are sensitive to heat and inactivated at 80℃ in 5 minutes. One step growth experiment showed that the eclipse period of VP1,VP2,VP4,VP8 are sensitive to heat and the eclipse period of VP1, VP2, VP4, VP8 are 42, 30, 46, 28 minutes. In this experiment we have isolated at least four different types phages, it suggest that in fact there is a population of phages in the seawater environment. The result of this study provided a way to find the potential value of phages as an indicator of pathogenic microorganisms Vibrio fluvilis Ⅱ in marine environment.

OBJECTIVETo study the damage of Agrotis ypsilon on Scrophularia ningpoensis and the control method, so as to provide scientific basis for its integrated pests management (IPM).

METHODThe field investigation and the field controlling trial were carried out for the research.

RESULTThere is obvious relationship between the pre-season crops and the damage degree of S. ningpoensis. The damage rate of the fields which had planted maize and tobacco in the last planting season was much higher than that of the other fields. The average damage rate could reach 12.43% and 15.68%. The result of five pesticides against A. ypsilon in field trial showed that the controlling effect of 10% beta-cypermethrin EC 2000 times and 40% chlorpyrifos EC 1500 times were 92.53% and 91.69%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONA. ypsilon could be well controlled while 10% beta-cypermethrin EC or 40% chlorpyrifos EC are sprayed during the period of seedling.

Animals ; Chlorpyrifos ; pharmacology ; Insect Control ; methods ; Insecticides ; pharmacology ; Moths ; drug effects ; physiology ; Plant Diseases ; parasitology ; Pyrethrins ; pharmacology ; Scrophularia ; parasitology

OBJECTIVETo explore the lipid peroxidation and the testicular morphological change induced by decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) in male BALB/c mice.

METHODSTwenty one male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: the high exposure group (500 mg/kg BDE-209), the low exposure group (200 mg/kg BDE-20) and control group (normal saline). The mice were exposed by gavage one time a day for 6 weeks, then were sacrificed. Body weight, testis weight, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in testis were examined. The morphological alteration of testis was observed. TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis in testicular cells.

RESULTSBody weight and testis weight in high and low exposure groups were (21.6140 +/- 2.3550) g, (20.8000 +/- 1.7630) g and (0.1859 +/- 0.0349) g, (0.1718 +/- 0.0266) g, respectively, which were significantly lower than those (27.7570 +/- 1.2880) g and (0.2302 +/- 0.0335) g in the control group (P < 0.05); the testis coefficient in high exposure group was (0.8640% +/- 0.1706%), which was significantly higher than that (0.8329 +/- 0.1386%) in the control group (P < 0.05). The GSH level and SOD activities of testis in 2 BDE-209 groups were 0.044 +/- 0.006, 0.039 +/- 0.005 nmol/mg prot, and 0.735 +/- 0.179, 0.907 +/- 0.198 U/mg prot, respectively, which were significantly lower than those (0.052 +/- 0.067) mol/mg and (1.161 +/- 0.188) U/mg in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of MDA in 2 BDE-209 groups were (2.365 +/- 0.339) and (1.752 +/- 0.366) nmol/mg prot, which were significantly higher than that (1.173 +/- 0.232 nmol/mg prot) in control group (P < 0.05). there were significant differences of SOD and MDA levels between high exposure group and low exposure group (P < 0.05). Histological examination showed that the number of spermatogenic cells and layer were decreased significantly in 2 exposure groups as compared with control group. TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis cells appeared in 2 exposure groups.

CONCLUSIONBDE-209 changed lipid peroxidation in male BALB/c mice testis and caused toxic effects on the testis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the oxidative stress induced by decabromodiphenylether (PBDE-209) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum of mice.

METHODSTwenty-eight male BALB/c mice were randomized divided into four groups with seven mice in each: solvent control, blank control, low (200 mg/kg) and high (500 mg/kg) dose groups. Test substances were administered by gavage and mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after treatment. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum were examined.

RESULTSThe content of MDA in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum and hippocampus in high dose group was (92.25 ± 36.64), (4.24 ± 1.15), (12.92 ± 4.30), (12.12 ± 6.39) nmol/mg pro respectively, higher than that in blank group [(56.713 ± 6.44), (2.42 ± 1.41), (4.05 ± 2.23), (4.91 ± 1.60) nmol/mg pro] and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); T-SOD activity in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and striatum in low dose group was (182.48 ± 11.59), (6.67 ± 1.56), (35.48 ± 21.98) U/mg pro respectively, lower than that in blank group [(277.76 ± 106.70), (18.02 ± 16.40), (63.57 ± 20.83) U/mg pro] and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); in high dose group the T-SOD activity in hippocampus was(59.26 ± 37.09) U/mg pro, lower than that in blank group [(93.28 ± 21.75) U/mg pro] and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); The content of GSH in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and striatum in high dose group was (40.98 ± 13.19), (3.55 ± 1.55), (24.46 ± 11.30) mg/g pro respectively, lower than that in blank group [(75.79 ± 26.51), (8.01 ± 3.23), (44.52 ± 13.15) mg/g pro and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); while the content of GSH in hippocampus was not decreased significantly compared with the blank group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPBDE-209 could induce oxidative stress in nervous tissue. The tissue oxidative damage might be one of the primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity of PBDE-209.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo appraise the effect of single- and two-layer Percoll density gradient centrifugation in sperm separation.

METHODSTwenty semen specimens underwent single-(50%) and two-layer (90% and 45%) density gradient centrifugation, respectively. The sperm class analyzer (SCA) was used to analyze sperm density, motility and dynamic parameters and round cell density before and after the treatment.

RESULTSAfter separation, the sperm recovery rate of the single-layer method was (65.5 +/- 12.8)%, significantly higher than that of the two-layer method (P < 0.01). The percentages of grade a sperm of the single- and two-layer method were significantly higher than pre-treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), that of the single-layer was significantly lower than that of the two-layer method (P < 0.05), but the percentage of grade c sperm of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter (P < 0.05). Compared with pre-treatment, the percentage of grade a + b sperm of the two-layer method was significantly higher (P < 0.05), while that of the single-layer method showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), and the round cell density of both the methods was significantly lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), with no significant differences between the two methods (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe single-layer method yields a higher rate of sperm recovery and causes little change in the sperm motility, while the two-layer method effects a lower rate and significantly improves sperm motility. Both the methods can efficiently separate sperm from round cells, and each has its own advantages and its application value in in vitro treatment of sperm.

Cell Separation ; methods ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Povidone ; Silicon Dioxide ; Sperm Count ; methods ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo construct an eukaryotic expression vector carrying rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor trkB gene.

METHODSUsing the total RNA isolated from rat brain as template, the trkB gene was amplified by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a pair of specific primers which contained the restrictive sites of EcoR I and BamH I. The amplified fragment of trkB gene was digested with EcoR I and BamH I, and then subcloned into cloning vector pMD18-T and expression vector pEGFP-C2 respectively. The recombinant plasmids were identified by restriction endonuclease enzyme analysis and PCR.

RESULTSThe amplified DNA fragment was about 1461 bp in length. Enzyme digestion and PCR analysis showed that the gene of trkB had been successfully cloned into vector pMD18-T and pEGFP-C2.

CONCLUSIONSThe trkB gene of rat has been amplified and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C2.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Male ; Models, Animal ; RNA ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, trkB ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Schwann Cells ; cytology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Templates, Genetic ; Transfection

Objective To analyze three different classification criteria, the clinical characteristics of antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)in a cohort of Chinese patients. Methods From January 1996 to October 2006, APS patients diagnosed with different classification criteria were retrospectively studied. Results There were totally 120 APS patients fulfilled at least one criterion, One hundred and one patients fulfilled the 1988 Asherson criteria, 96 patients fulfilled the 1999 Sapporo criteria, and 115 patients fulfilled the 2006 Sydney criteria. The ratio of male to female in a cohort of 115 definite APS patients was 1 to 10.5. The mean period of the disease until entry into the study was 82.6 months, the mean age at study entry was(41?12)years. Ninety patients had thrombosis episodes, among which the most common presenting manifestations were deep venous thrombosis, stroke and skin vasculitis. Forty-six of 92 married women in our cohort had fetal morbidity. Catas- trophic APS occurred in 7 patients. The presence of anticardiolipin antibodies(aCL)was detected in 86 pa- tients, anti-beta-2 glycoproteinⅠantibodies in 58 patients and lupus anticoagulant(LA)in 27 patients. Conclusion The most common presenting manifestations are deep venous thrombosis, stroke and cutaneous manifestations. The sensitivity of Sydney classification criteria is improved by adding anti-beta-2 glycopreteinⅠantibody as one of the laboratory criteria. However, primary APS patients who only presented with thrombo- cytupenia and positive laboratory tests could not satisfy this criterion. In addition, the significance of autoanti- bodies to some coagulant factors in APS needs further study.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of nasal cavity expansion surgery on the abnormal blood supply of the cerebral arterial system.

METHODSFifty-nine inpatients with abnormal blood supply of cerebral arterial system confirmed by transcranial doppler (TCD) and chronic nasal obstructive diseases were included in this study. All patients accepted nasal cavity expansion surgery and were followed-up with TCD every month after operation until TCD became normal, or up to seven months even if the TCD was still abnormal. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSIn all 59 patients, there were 164 TCD-abnormal cerebral arteries. Among them, 37 patients(62.71%) with abnormal TCD arteries became normal within 1 to 7 months after operation, 8 patients (13.56 %) got better, but 14 patients (23.73 %) did not improve.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal blood flow of some cerebral arteries was possibly induced by increasing the activation of sympathetic nervous system around the vertebral arterial system, caused by chronic nasal obstruction. Nasal dilatancy surgery can improve the blood supplement of the cerebral arterial system.

Blood Flow Velocity ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

OBJECTIVEThere are very limited data on childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), especially childhood APL treated with arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)).

METHODBetween January 1999 and December 2007, 76 children (< 18 years) with newly diagnosed APL were included.

RESULTSSix cases failed to achieve hematological complete remission (CR) due to early death. Three groups of patients were identified according to the different induction regimen. Forty-four patients were given all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) alone (group1, G1), 7 patients were given As(2)O(3) alone (group 2, G2), 19 patients (group 3, G3) were treated with combination of ATRA and As(2)O(3). The CR rate of G1 was 100%. The overall CR rate of G2 + G3 was 100%. Five children underwent hematologic relapse and 2 developed molecular relapse. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 13.8%, whereas event-free (EFS), disease-free (DFS) and overall survival rates were 79.5%, 86.3% and 90.5%, respectively. The 5-year estimate of EFS and DFS between G1 and G2 + G3 had no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONAs(2)O(3) is an effective and well tolerable therapy for children with APL and it may be used in those who not only cannot bear side effects of ATRA but also the newly diagnosed and relapsed APL.

Adolescent ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oxides ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDInvasive fungal infection (IFI) is a common and fatal complication in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancy. Empirical antifungal therapy is widely used in practice due to the difficulty of pathogens determination and illness of the hosts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole as empirical antifungal therapy for persistent fever in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies.

METHODSTwo hundred and seventy-four patients with hematologic malignancies who had suspected fungal infections were enrolled in 18 centers across China between April 2008 and April 2009. Empirical antifungal therapy with intravenous itraconazole 200 mg twice daily was given for the first two days, followed by 200 mg once daily for the next 12 days. Oral itraconazole solution was sequential for follow-up therapy if necessary. Five composite end points were evaluated for the response, which was more restrictive and adopted for the first time in such study in China.

RESULTSThe intent-to-treat analysis included data from 274 patients (full analysis set, FAS), of whom 248 were included as the per-protocol population (PPS). As the composite end point of five indices was concerned, the overall response rate was 43.4%. Seperately, defervescence was achieved in 90% of patients in which 55.5% occured during neutropenia. The mean time to defervescence was 2.71 days. Absence of breakthrough IFI during drug administration or within the first 7 days after study completion was observed in 71.5% of patients. Fifty-five point five percent patients with IFI at baseline was successfully treated. Ninety point five percent patients survived for at least 7 days after completing the study. PPS analysis revealed that the duration of neutropenia ≥ 10 days was a statistically significant negative predictor for the response. The withdrawal rate due to drug-related toxicity or lack of efficacy was 11.0%. The incidence of adverse events was 22.6%, in which 11.6% was study drug related. The most frequent adverse events were mild to moderate liver toxicity.

CONCLUSIONItraconazole shows desirable efficacy and safety as empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antifungal Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutropenia ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult