Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with different disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) by analysing the clinical data and improve the understanding of different DMARDs.Methods The clinical data of RA patients who were treated and followed-up during Jan.1999 to Mar.2003 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical efficacy and radiotogical changes were compared between patients treated with one DMARD only,2 DMARDs combination and 3 DMARDs combination.The short-term and long-term effects among different dosage regimens in the three groups,and the long-term results of different duration of DMARD treatment were also compared.Resuits Three hundred and twenty-night patients had their clinical and follow-up data available for analysis.Among them,256 patients had DMARDs as their initial treatment.Some of the patients showed eorticosteroid in their treatment regimen while some patients did not have steroid.The clinical effectiveness had no significant difference between patients who had corticosteroid or not.Patients treated with 2 or more DMARDs combination had more improvement in ESR,CRP level,morning stiffness and number of swollen and tender joints compared with one DMARD alone.There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the 3 groups treated with DMARDs.Conclusion DMARDs combination treatment can significantly and rapidly improve the symptoms and lab parameters in RA.

Objective To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from patients with hospital infection in intensive care unit(ICU),and to discuss the corresponding strategy of prevention and treatment. Methods Clinical data of 891 patients hospitalized in the ICU of our hospital between Jan 2002 and Dec 2005 were collected.All the specimens were analyzed for pathogen distribution and resistance to antibiotics. Results Of all the isolated 1 155 strains,Gram-negative(G-)bacteria were the most popular pathogen(57.84%),whereas Gram-positive(G+) bacteria and fungi accounted for 21.39% and 20.78%,respectively.Most G-bacteria were less sensitive to imipenem(0-10.16%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was least sesitive to amikacin(6.89%) and cefoperazone-sulbactam(33.97%).G+ bacteria were most sensitive to vancomycin.Most fungus were Candida albicans(42.92%) and yeast species(22.90%). Conclusion Epidemiological investigation of pathogens in ICU is of great importance to the rational use of anti-biotics and may help to reduce the emergence of resistant strains.

The rate of corneal graft rejection is still high for high-risk keratoplasty although immune suppression drug is routinely used.The role of traditional Chinese medicine in corneal transplantation is concerned gradually.Heijingpaichitang on the prevention and treatment of rats with high-risk corneal allograft rejection needs further study.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of heijingpaichitang on high-risk corneal transplantation immune rejection in rats.Methods Sixteen female SD rats were used as the donors and 32female Wistar rats were served as recipients.The high-risk corneal trasplantation models were established by corneal suture in 32 Wistar rats,and then homogeneity variant SD-Wistar corneal transplantation was performed.The recipients were randomized into model control group,cyclosporinc A (CsA)group,heijingpaichitang group and CsA +heijingpaichitang group.CsA,heijingpaichitang and CsA + heijingpaichitang was orally administered 4 days after operation once per day for 15 days,and normal saline solution was used at the same way in the model control group.Ocular anterior segment reaction was examined under the slit lamp and corneal opacification,edema and neovasculation were scored based on Larkin' s criteria.Rejection index of the corneal graft was recorded and the graft survival time was calculated.The pathological examination of the corneal graft was carried out in all rats,and the inflammatory cells in the corneas and CD4+ cells in the periphery blood were assayed using flow cytometry.The use of the animals complied with ARVO Statement.Results Corneal graft rejection occurred in 10 days after operation in the model control group,12-13 days in the CsA group and heijingpaichitang group and 22 days in the CsA +heijingpaichitang group.Compared with model control group,the scores of the corneal opacification,corneal edema and neovascularization were significantly lower in the CsA group,heijingpaichitang group and CsA+heijingpaichitang group (P＜0.05),and all the scores were declined in the CsA+ heijingpaichitang group compared with CsA group and heijingpaichitang group(P＜0.01),but no significant differences were seen in the scores between the CsA group and heijingpaichitang group(P＞0.05).The mean survival time of grafts was (10.38 ±1.69)days in the model control group,(22.50 ± 3.07) days in the CsA + heijingpaichitang group,with the significant difference (t =-9.790,P =0.000).The pathological examination of graft showed that the lymphocytes and new blood vessels were less in the CsA+heijingpaichitang group compared with CsA group and heijingpaichitang group 15 days after operation.Flow cytometry verified that the number of lymphocytes in graft,CD4+cells and CD4+/CD8+ in periphery blood were significantly lower in the heijingpaichitang group,CsA group and CsA+heijingpaichitang group compared with model control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Heijingpaichitang can inhibit immune rejection to certain extent in high-risk corneal transplantation rat and has a similar effect to 0.1％ CsA.Heijingpaichitang and 0.1％ CsA have a synergistic effect.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of Cytochrome P4503A family polypeptide 5 [(CYP)3A5] and IL-10 poly-morphisms with the concentration/dose(C/D) ratio of tacrolimus in lung transplantation recipients. METHODS:CYP3A5 polymor-phisms at rs774746 and IL-10 polymorphisms at rs1800896 from peripheral blood cell of 51 lung transplant recipients was detected by Se-quenom MassArray iPLEX GOLD system. The relationship between gene polymorphism and tacrolimus C/D ratio was analyzed. RE-SULTS:The tacrolimus C/D ratio of the recipients who carried CYP3A5 rs776746 GG genotype were higher than those with AA+GG genotype,with statistical significance(P<0.01). The tacrolimus C/D ratio of the recipients who carried IL-10 rs1800896 AA genotype were higher than those with AG genotype during 1 week and 2 weeks after transplantation,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Com-bined analysis of these two genes,the tacrolimus C/D ratio of the recipients who carried more fast metabolic alleles were higher than those who didn't carry fast metabolic alleles,with statistical significance(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Determination of recipients CYP3A5 at rs 776746and IL-10 at rs800896 genotype may be performed prospectively to help individualizing tacrolimus dose regimen.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status of targeted population in the high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing, so as to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and remedial measures. Methods Six towns were selected in Chengkou and Wuxi Counties to found suspected dementia patients born after first Jan, 1997. Two hundred children aged 8-10 years were investigated in every town. The thyroid volume, intelligence quotient(IQ) and urinary iodine of the children were examined. Forty women (pregnant and nursing women) were investigated in every town. The iodine content of salt from their home was measured. The thyroid volume was examined by palpation and B-uhrasound. IQ was measured by combined Raven Test in China(CRT-RC2). Urinary iodine was determined using the acid digest arsenic-cerium contacting method, and iodined salt was detected using direct titration method. Results Six suspected dementia patients were found in the local town hospital. Five eases were excluded. There was 1 case born in other place. The rates of goiter by palpation and B-ultrasound were 9.58%(92/960) and 8.89%(65/731), respectively. The median of urinary iodine of children and women was 319.15 μg/L and 248.42 μg/L, respectively. The mean of IQ of the children was 103.32. The coverage rate of iodine salt from residents was 98.82%(336/340). Conclusions The iodine nutrition of children was good and there is no newly occurred cretinism in Chengkou and Wuxi Counties. Goiter rate and median of urinary iodine aged 8-10 years and of women, coverage rate of iodine salt from resident has meet the standard set for basical elimination iodine deficiency disorders.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) on cell cycle of epidermal keratinocyte and its possible signal pathway.

METHODS150 mg/L AGE-human serum albumin (AGE-HSA) was prepared in vitro. Primary cultured keratinocytes in logarithmic growth phase were harvested and divided randomly into: A group [with treatment of defined keratinocyte-SFM (DK-SFM) serum-free medium], B group (with treatment of DK-SFM medium including 150 mg/L AGE-HSA), C group (with DK-SFM medium after treatment of U0126) and group D (with D K-SFM medium including 150 mg/L AGE-HSA after treatment of U0126). Cell cycle distributions were analyzed by flow cytometer. The protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin B1, CDK4 and p44/42 MAPK were measured by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with those of A group, the percentage of S-phase and G2/M-phase keratinocytes were decreased obviously in B group, the percentages of G2/M -phase keratinocytes showed the same tendency in C and D groups [(9.7 +/- 1.1)% , (9.8 +/- 0.7)%, respectively, P <0.05]. Compared with that of A group, the expression of cyclin D1 were decreased significantly in other groups, among which a weak expression was showed in D group. There was no obvious difference between A and B groups in CDK4, or cyclin B1 and p44/42 MAPK protein levels ,which were significantly higher than those in C and D groups.

CONCLUSIONAGEs inhibit the progress of cell cycle of keratinocytes by downregulation of cyclin D1 expression.

Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Epidermis ; cytology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction

Objective To find out the current thyroid volume of school children and its influencing factors in Chongqing.Methods Probability sampling method(PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Chongqing in 2011.Forty children aged 8-10of 1 randomly selected school from every county chosen were enrolled in the study.Thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasonograghy.Body height and body weight were measured.The relationship between gender,age,height and weight and thyroid volume was analyzed,respectively.Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-two children aged 8-10 were investigated.The median of thyroid volume was 3.53 ml.The goiter rate was 5.52％ (73/1322).Thyroid volume of female and male was 3.55 and 3.51 ml,respectively.There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between female and male (H =0.68,P ＞ 0.05).Thyroid volume of children aged 8,9 and 10 was 3.30,3.53 and 3.76 ml,respectively.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different age groups(H =52.49,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children height (110-,120-,130-and ≥140 cm,respectively) was 2.96,3.22,3.59 and 4.13 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different height groups (H =149.23,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children weight(17-,20-,30-and ≥40 kg,respectively) was 2.71,3.31,3.91 and 4.74 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different weight groups(H =138.44,P ＜ 0.01).For the coefficients of simple and partial correlation,there was a significant correlation between thyroid volume and age,height and weight (P ＜ 0.05).The Spearman coefficient was 0.2411,0.3950 and 0.4285,respectively.The partial correlation coefficient was 0.0640,0.1154 and 0.2319,respectively.The standard partial coefficient of age,height and weight was 0.640,0.1154 and 0.3410,respectively.The proportion of the standard partial coefficients was 1 ∶ 1.8 ∶ 5.3.The function of body weight to thyroid volume was 5.3 times that of age and 3.0 times that of body height.Conclusions The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing is relatively high.Thyroid volume is affected by age,body height and body weight.The relationship between thyroid volume and iodine nutrition needs further study.

Objective:The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in the end-organ damage(EOD) induced by sinoaortic denervation(SAD) in rats.Method:SAD was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 10 weeks.Under anaesthesia,aortic nerves were cut and the sinus region of the carotid artery was stripped and painted with 10% phenol.Pathological evaluation of EOD and the determination of plasma or tissue levels of the factors related to inflammation,including thromboxane B2(TXB2) interleukin-1(IL-1),tumour necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were performed at 16 weeks after SAD.Pathological evaluation of EOD included heart weigh ratio,myocardial and blood vessel hydroxyproline and collagen volume fraction,glomerular injury score and number of infiltrating inflammatory cells.Indomethacin(20 mg/kg per day,orally) or vitamin E(100 mg/kg per day,orally) was administered for 12 weeks,beginning from4 weeks after SAD,to observe their effects on SAD-induced EOD.Results:There were significant fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration in the myocardium and blood vessels,represented by higher hydroxyproline and collagen volume fraction,and a large amount of inflammatory cells in the tissues of SAD rats.Heart weight and kidney glomerular injury score were significantly higher in ed significantly after SAD.Indomethacin and vitamin E significantly decreased the contents of some factors related to inflammation in SAD rats.Both drugs also alleviated myocardial and vessel fibrosis,inflammatory infiltration and kidney damage.Conclusion:Inflammation is involved in the organ damage induced by SAD in rats.

Objective:The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in the end-organ damage(EOD) induced by sinoaortic denervation(SAD) in rats.Method:SAD was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 10 weeks.Under anaesthesia,aortic nerves were cut and the sinus region of the carotid artery was stripped and painted with 10% phenol.Pathological evaluation of EOD and the determination of plasma or tissue levels of the factors related to inflammation,including thromboxane B2(TXB2) interleukin-1(IL-1),tumour necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were performed at 16 weeks after SAD.Pathological evaluation of EOD included heart weigh ratio,myocardial and blood vessel hydroxyproline and collagen volume fraction,glomerular injury score and number of infiltrating inflammatory cells.Indomethacin(20 mg/kg per day,orally) or vitamin E(100 mg/kg per day,orally) was administered for 12 weeks,beginning from4 weeks after SAD,to observe their effects on SAD-induced EOD.Results:There were significant fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration in the myocardium and blood vessels,represented by higher hydroxyproline and collagen volume fraction,and a large amount of inflammatory cells in the tissues of SAD rats.Heart weight and kidney glomerular injury score were significantly higher in ed significantly after SAD.Indomethacin and vitamin E significantly decreased the contents of some factors related to inflammation in SAD rats.Both drugs also alleviated myocardial and vessel fibrosis,inflammatory infiltration and kidney damage.Conclusion:Inflammation is involved in the organ damage induced by SAD in rats.

The elucidation of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the halogenated silane was necessary for the production of silicon derivatives, especially for methylvinyldichlorosilane, due to the lack of the relevant reports. Isobaric VLE for the system methyldichlorosilane-dimethyldichlorosilane-benzene and isobaric VLE of the three binary systems were measured with a new pump-ebulliometer at the pressure of 101.325 kPa. These binary compositions of the equilibrium vapor were calculated according to the Q function of molar excess Gibbs energy by the indirect method and the resulted VLE data agreed well with the thermodynamic consistency. Moreover, the experimental data were correlated with the Wilson, NRTL, Margules and van Laar equations by means of the least-squares fit, the acquired optimal interaction parameters were fitted to experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data for binary systems. The binary parameters of Wilson equation were also used to calculate the bubble point temperature and the vapor phase composition for the ternary mixtures without any additional adjustment. The predicted vapor-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system was in a good agreement with the experimental results. The VLE of binary and multilateral systems provided essential theory for the production of the halogenated silane.