UNLABELLEDABSTRA CT OBJECTIVE To compare the complications and clinical outcome of titanium elastic nail (TEN) versus plate-screw fixation (PF) for the treatment of upper segment fractures of femoral shaft in children.

METHODSFrom May 2006 and August 2012,32 consecutive children with upper segment fractures of femoral shaft were studied prospectively. They were randomly divided into TEN group and PF group. Ninteen patients were treated with titanic elastic nail (TEN) fixation including 11 males and 8 females with an average age of (6.9?2.2) years old ranging from 3 to 11,11 cases of them were type A, 6 cases were type B,2 cases were type C according to AO classification. The other 13 patients were treated with plate-screw fixation (PF) including 9 males and 4 females with an average age of (7.5±2.1) years old ranging from 5 to 12 years, and 3 cases of them were type A,6 cases were type B,2 cases were type C. Operative time, blood loss,incision length,the time of hospitalization,fracture healing time, postoperative complications and function recovery between two groups were compared and evaluated.

RESULTSThe average follow-up period of the patients was 25.3 months (ranging from 15 to 48 months) in TEN group, and 36.2 months (ranging from 13 to 36 months) in the PF group. The operation time, time of hospitalization, the time of implants removed after the initial surgery, fracture healing time in TEN group were respectively (56.7±11.2) min, (6.6±3.9) d, (8.1±2.3) months, (12.6+3.8) weeks; and in PF group were respectively (51.5±8.3) min, (7.8±4.8) d, (7.8±1.6) months, (11.8±2.8) weeks, there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). However, the length of incisions was (4.3±1.7) cm and the intraoperative blood loss was (12.7+3.2) ml in TEN group,which were significantly less than that in PF group respectively (89.2±21.1) ml and (11.6?2.3) cm (P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in postoperative in complication between two groups, but the patients in TEN group had a higher incidence of soft tissue irritation and misalignment. Outcome scores according to Sanders had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). In TEN group,the result was excellent in 13 cases, good in 3,fair in 2, and poor in 1, while in PF group excellent in 10, good in 2, fair in 1.

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant difference in therapeutic effects between TEN and PF for children with upper segment fractures of femoral shaft. The internal fixation should be selected according to the associated fracture type, weight, the expected value of the parents, scars, and so on.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Hip ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

To obtain the key genes for chlorogenic acid biosynthesis of Lonicera hypoglauca, four new genes ware obtained from the our dataset of L. hypoglauca. And we also predicted the structure and function of LHPAL4, LHHCT1 , LHHCT2 and LHHCT3 proteins. The phylogenetic tree showed that LHPAL4 was closely related with LHPAL1, LHHCT1 was closely related with LHHCT3, LHHCT2 clustered into a single group. By Real-time PCR to detect the gene expressed level in different organs of L. hypoglauca, we found that the transcripted level of LHPAL4, LHHCT1 and LHHCT3 was the highest in defeat flowers, and the transcripted level of LHHCT2 was the highest in leaves. These result provided a basis to further analysis the mechanism of active ingredients in different organs, as well as the element for in vitro biosynthesis of active ingredients.
Chlorogenic Acid ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary

Methyl valerate (MVA) pathway is one of the important ways for synthesis of terpenoids. This study was based on data of the transcriptome sequencing of Magnolia officinalis, the associated genes MoACOT, MoHMGS, MoHMGR, MoMK in methyl valerate (MVA) pathway, were completed in detail by using bioinformatics methods. The results of analysis showed that MoACOT and MoMK were stable hydrophobic proteins, MoHMGS and MoHMGR were unstable hydrophobic protein. The secondary structures of all proteins were hybrid architecture,and alpha helical were the major motifs. There were no clear transmembrane domains in MoACOT, MoHMGS and MoMK, but two transmembrane domains were founded in MoHMGR which were from 39-61 aa and 82-104 aa resepectively. The results of evolutionary relationship analysis showed that MoACOT, MoHMGS, MoHMGR and MoMK had relative close relationship to angiosperm or dicotyledonous plants, and accorded with genetic evolution rule. From transcriptome data, transcripted level of MoACOT, MoHMGS, MoHMGR, MoMK in M. officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba was not significantly different. The result provided theoretical reference for study on Methyl valerate (MVA) pathway of terpenoid of M. officinalis.
Computational Biology ; Genes, Plant ; Magnolia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Terpenes ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) on the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO),and tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase (TTS) in thyrocytes; and to study the relevant immunopathological significance in Graves' disease.Methods The expressions of IDO and TTS genes in IFN-γ stimulated Nthy-ori3-1 cell line and human thyrocytes,as well as in human thyroid tissues were determined by realtime quantitative PCR.Results IDO and TTS genes were expressed slightly in both Nthy-ori3-1 cell line and human thyrocytes,and were significantly up-regulated after IFN-γ stimulation(P＜0.01).Compared to healthy controls,TTS mRNA level was higher in thyroid tissues of patients with Graves' disease (P =0.018 2),while IDO mRNA level showed no difference,but was notably correlated with IFN-γ mRNA level (R2 =0.716,P =0.002).Conclusion In the early stage of Graves' disease,thyrocytes may decompose local tryptophan by enhancing the expression of IDO and TTS under IFN-γstimulation,thus inhibit auto-reactive function of lymphocytes and balance excessive autoimmune reaction.

Objective To investigate whether blocking NR2B receptor can reverse the process of cytotoxicity to spiral ganglion neurons induced by sodium salicylate in guinea pig by applying ifenprodil (a NR2B antagonist) at the round window niche .Methods Sixty healthy guinea pigs provided by the experimental animal center of Guangxi medical university were randomly and evenly divided into a control group (Group I ,no treatment) ,an APL group (Group II ,60μl APL directly applied to the round window ) ,a sodium salicylate group (Group III ,60 μl APL di-rectly applied to the round window and then be given intraperitoneal sodium salicylate injection ) ,and an ifenprodil group (Group IV ,60μl of 10μmol/l ifenprodil in APL directly applied to the round window and then be given intra-peritoneal sodium salicylate injection ) .Sodium salicylate was given at 400 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 7 days .Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded before animal sacrifice by decapitation .The left cochlea was removed and prepared for detection of caspase -3 expression in spiral ganglion neurons via immunohistochemistry .From each group ,6 cochleae were used to test apoptosis index in spiral ganglion neurons using the TUNEL technique .Results Before salicylate administration ,the ABR threshold was less than 40 dB SPL in all animals .After salicylate ad-ministration ,the ABR threshold was 33 .33 ± 5 .17 dB SPL in Group II ,64 .17 ± 7 .36 dB SPL in Group III and 49 .17 ± 5 .85 dB SPL in Group IV ,in contrast to 31 .67 ± 5 .16 dB SPL in Group I (controls) .The caspase -3 ex-pression was not changed obviously in Group I and Group II ,but was significantly changed in Group III and Group IV (P<0 .01) .The caspase-3 expression appeared to be decreased in Group IV compared to those in Groups III (P<0 .05) ,but still increased compared to those of in Group I and II (P<0 .05) .The apoptosis index among spiral ganglion neurons in Groups III and IV increased significantly compared to those of in Group I and II (P<0 .001) .It was however ,lower in Group IV than in Group III (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Blocking NR2B receptor with specificity can reverse the process of cytotoxicity to spiral ganglion neurons induced by sodium salicylate in guinea pig .

Objective To study the value of DSA for hepatic vascular anatomy,and to evaluate the efficacy of portal vein occlusion in rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumor.Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with 10 in each group,including test group A and positive control group B of ham operation.For the test group A,portal branch ligation(PBL)was performed for the left external branch after 3 weeks of the tumor implantation to the left external lobe.Two weeks later,the DSA of hepatic artery and portal vein were performed in all of the rabbits.Results The total displaying effectiveness of the branches of hepatic artery by DSA was better than that by vascular perfusion.There was hypovascular blood supply to hepatic artery implantation of the tumor in the test group A,comparing with that of the group B.Conclusion DSA can clearly display spacial details of the hepatic vascular anatomy in rabbits,and play an important role in post-procedual evaluation of the portal vein occlusion in rabbits.

AIM : To investigate the effects of Ca 2+ /CaM dependent calcineurin(CaN) signaling pathway on cardiomyocytes hypertrophy of rat induced by neuropeptide Y(NPY). METHODS : Cardiomyocytes of neonatal Wistar rats were cultured with NPY of various concentrations (10,100 nmol?L -1 ). Cyclosporine A (CsA) was used to inhibit the activity of CaN. The methods of 3H Leu incorporation was used to assess protein synthesis rate in cardiomyocytes. Western blot and histochemistry were used to measure CaN protein expression and CaN activity in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS : 3 H Leu incorporation of cardiomyocytes were increased significantly by 100 nmol?L -1 NPY ( P

BACKGROUNDNifekalant may prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) and possibly be useful in treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmia in patients with severe heart failure. This study investigated the electophysiologic effect of nifekalant on the acute atrial remodeling in rapid atrial pacing (RAP) model of canine.

METHODSTwelve mongrel dogs subjected to rapid stimulation (400 beats/min) at left atrial appendage (LAA) for 24 hours, were randomized into the control group (rapid pacing only, n = 6) and the nifekalant group (intravenous nifekalant therapy immediately after RAP, n = 6). Atrial electrophysiological parameters were measured in right atrium, coronary sinus, LAA, posterior wall of left atrium (PWLA) and left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), before and after the RAP.

RESULTSIn the control group, the effective refractory periods (ERP) were shortened greatly at all sites, paced dogs had substantially shorter ERPs in the high right atrium, LAA, and LSPV, but fewer changes in the PWLA, the coefficient variation of ERP (COV ERP) was increased significantly. After rapid atrial stimulation, the inducibility of AF increased significantly [induction number: pre-RAP vs post-RAP, 1.00 +/- 0.89 vs 8.17 +/- 2.79, P < 0.01; duration of AF: pre-RAP vs post-RAP, (450.34 +/- 362.59) ms vs (9975.77 +/- 4376.99) ms, P < 0.01]. In the nifekalant group, although the ERPs were prolonged at all sites compared with those in pre-RAP state, only the value at LSPV differed significantly from that in pre-RAP state [pre-RAP vs post-RAP, (102.50 +/- 5.24) ms vs (132.51 +/- 5.20) ms, P < 0.01]; the COV ERP did not change statistically in this group. The inducibility of AF slightly increased but insignificantly after pacing [induction number: pre-RAP vs post-RAP, 0.83 +/- 0.75 vs 1.67 +/- 0.82, P = 0.19; duration of AF: pre-RAP vs post-RAP, (378.67 +/- 317.88) ms vs (1124.08 +/- 1109.77) ms, P = 0.06]. Conduction time values did not alter significantly in either of the two groups after RAP.

CONCLUSIONSIn canine RAP model, nifekalant inhibited ERP shortening and ERP heterogeneity increasing, decreased AF induction. Nifekalant can reverse acute electrical remodeling effect in this model.

Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; pharmacology ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Pyrimidinones ; pharmacology ; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo provide molecular evidences for its breeding by studying the genetic relationship among varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa.

METHODNineteen varieties were detected by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers.

RESULTThe 20 selected primers produced 163 bands, among which 114(69.9%) were polymorphic. A DNA molecular dendrogram was established based on Hierarchical cluster analysis of 163 DNA bands amplified by 20 primers, which divided the 19 varieties into four groups: Group Beijing, Group 85-5, Group Guolimao and the other Group.

CONCLUSION8 varieties of Group Beijing have a close genetic relationship, and so have varieties of Group 85-5, which provides information for Rehmannia glutinosa's breeding.

DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Rehmannia ; genetics

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is an important molecular marker in traditional Chinese medicine research, and it is widely used in TCM authentication. The present study created a new genotyping method by combining restriction endonuclease digesting with melting curve analysis, which is a stable, rapid and easy doing SNP genotyping method. The new method analyzed SNP genotyping of two chloroplast SNP which was located in or out of the endonuclease recognition site, the results showed that when attaching a 14 bp GC-clamp (cggcgggagggcgg) to 5' end of the primer and selecting suited endonuclease to digest the amplification products, the melting curve of Lonicera japonica and Atractylodes macrocephala were all of double peaks and the adulterants Shan-yin-hua and A. lancea were of single peaks. The results indicated that the method had good stability and reproducibility for identifying authentic medicines from its adulterants. It is a potential SNP genotyping method and named restriction endonuclease digest - melting curve analysis.
Atractylodes ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; metabolism ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; Genotype ; Lonicera ; classification ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide