ObjectiveTo study the state of oxidative injury induced by sodium arsenite(NaAsO2) in SV-40-immortalized normal uroepithelial (SV-HUC-1 ) cells.Methods SV-HUC-1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of NaAsO2[0(control),1,2,4,8,10 μmol/L] for 24 h,intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by flow cytometry,and the content ofintracellular nitrotyrosine(NT) and the 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of cell culture medium were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results After 24 h treatment,ROS levels(81.76 ± 4.91,95.23 ± 2.17,126.61 ± 17.95,126.74 ± 27.77,114.18 ± 9.65) of SV-HUC-1 cells in the 1,2,4,8,10 μmol/L NaAsO2 exposure groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (69.84 ± 1.28,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ),ROS levels and exposure dose were positively correlated significantly(r =0.818,P＜ 0.01); the content of NT in the 10 μmol/L NaAsO2 exposure group[(919.66 ± 206.33) μg/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group[ (238.19 ± 38.28)μg/L,P ＜ 0.01 ],NT content and dye concentrations of arsenic also had dose-response relationship (r =0.617,P ＜ 0.01); after 24 h the cells were treated with arsenic,no significant difference of 8-OHdG content in the culture medium was observed(F =2.127,P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionNaAsO2 can cause SV-HUC-1 cell oxidative damage.

Objective To study the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy and the quasi-latent Keshan disease in villages of non-endemic areas of six Keshan disease endemic provinces in China,and to provide reference values for proposing a elimination standard of keshan disease.Methods County,township and village was selected as the study area by using multi-stage sampling in non-Keshan disease areas of Sichuan,Shanxi,Henan,Shandong and in Keshan disease areas of Chongqing and Yunnan.In each county two townships were selected and in each township one village was chosen.The residents of the villages sampled were surveyed by questionnaire,physical examination,electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac echocardiography.Suspected dilated cardiomyopathy patients had chest X-ray.Dilated cardiomyopathy patients were diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by 2006 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (WHO/ISFC).Results The number of investigated villages was 126 and 54 139 people were surveyed by questionnaire and clinical examination.Ten patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were found,the prevalence was 18.47/100 000(10/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 18.11/100 000-18.84/100 000.A total of 197 patients with quasi-latent Keshan disease were found,the prevalence was 363.88/100 000 (197/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 362.27/100 000-365.49/ 100 000.The prevalence of male quasi-latent Keshan disease was 353.34/100 000(83/23 490) and of female was 372.07/100 000(114/30 639).The number of subjects with normal and abnormal ECG was 45 222 and 8917,respectively,and the rate of abnormal ECG was 16.47％.The highest rate of abnormal ECG was 38.28％ (1585/4141) in Chongqing.The lowest rate of abnormal ECG was 8.10％ (1175/14 507) in Yunnan.The highest detection rate of T wave and ST segment changes was 4.67％ (2528/54 139).In abnormal ECG indices,the detection rate of Henan,Shandong and Chongqing was higher,and all of them were higher than 10.0％.Conclusions We suggest that the reference baselines of dilated cardiomyopathy and quasi-latent Keshan disease in Keshan disease areas of the six provinces in the south of China be 18.47/100 000 and 363.88/100 000,respectively.

Objective To observe the distribution and metabolism of arsenic speciation in urine of rats exposed to different concentrations of dimethylaraenic acid (DMA) through drinking water.Methods Thrity six weaning Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control,low-dose group and high-dose group,12 rats in each group(6 female and 6 male); average body weight of female rats was (60 ± 5)g,and male rats was (50 ± 5)g.All rats of the 3 groups were given DMA at concentrations of 0,100,200 mg/L,respectively,corresponding to their specific groups through drinking water for 10 weeks.Inorganic arsenic(iAs),monomethylarsenic acid(MMA),DMA and trimethylarsenic compound (TMA) in urine were measured by hydride generation trapping and ultrahypothermia coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry.Results After feeding for 10 weeks,the differences of rat urinary concentrations of iAs,MMA,DMA and TMA between normal control,low-dose group and high-dose group were statistically significant(x2 =25.441,25.942,25.751,17.767,all P＜ 0.01).Urinary concentrations of iAs,MMA and DMA(2.541,4.383,24.447 mg/L) of low-dose group were significant higher than those of normal control (0.784,0.000,0.743 mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05) ; iAs,MMA,DMA and TMA(3.978,7.186,35.112,4.518 mg/L) of high-dose group were significantly higher than those of normal control(0.784,0.000,0.743,0.000 mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations increased along with increasing doses of DMA concentrations in drinking water(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After rats are exposed to DMA,most of the DMA are excreted in unchanged form in urine and a small portion of DMA is metabolized into TMA.

Objective To assess the clinical values of MR angiography(MRA)in the detection of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs.Methods Two-dimensional time of flight(2D TOF)MRA was performed in thirty patients who were suspected of having deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs.The findings of MRA were compared to that of digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Results twenty-five cases showed deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs,the MRA findings included venous filling defect (14 cases),occlusions and interruptions of veins(8 cases),venous recanalizations(3 cases),collateral veins(25 cases).Taking the results of DSA as a golden standard,MRA detected all of the affected cases with only one case as the false positive.Conclusion 2D TOF MRA is a method of choice in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs.

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common tumors and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Due to the lack of specific signs in early GC,most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage,often accompanied by infiltration and distant metastasis.Although chemotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for gastric cancer,due to the emergence of drug resistance,many patients will still relapse after chemo-therapy,resulting in poor prognosis.Exosome(EXOs)in the Tumor micro environment(TME)can participate in intercellular communication and play an important role in GC distant metastasis and drug resistance.At present,the detailed mechanism of GC distant metastasis and drug resistance is still unclear.Identifying the exosome-induced mechanism involved in GC distant metastasis and drug resistance can help us find more reliable treatment methods for GC metastasis and drug resistance.This article reviews the mechanism of exosome in GC distant metastasis and drug resistance,in order to provide help for the diagnosis,treatment and research of GC.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Houpu Sanwu decoction on subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Mouse colorectal cancer MC-38 cells were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6J mice to establish a subcutaneous tumor model of colorectal cancer.The model mice were then divided randomly into model control,Houpu Sanwu decoction(HPSWD)low dose,HPSWD medium dose,HPSWD high dose,5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and combination groups(5-FU+HPSWD medium dose)(n=6 mice per group).The mice were treated with normal saline and Houpu Sanwu decoction by gavage,or normal saline and 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 24 consecutive days.During the intervention period,the mental state,diet,and other general conditions of the mice,as well as changes in tumor volume,were monitored regularly.At the end of the experiment,the subcutaneous tumors in each group were removed and weighed,and pathological features were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Transmission electron microscopy,Western blot,and nanoparticle tracking analysis were used to identify exosomes derived from colorectal cancer tissues.Tumor mRNA and protein expression levels of Rab27a and the exosome markers CD63,TSG101,and ALIX were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.Results Houpu Sanwu decoction inhibited tumor growth in mice.Tumor growth was inhibited to varying degrees in all the HPSWD dose groups and in the combination group.The HPSWD medium does group showed the greatest anticancer effect,and the combination group showed a synergistic effect with 5-FU.Houpu Sanwu decoction induced tumor necrosis in a dose-dependent manner,with a similar anticancer effect to 5-FU.Houpu Sanwu decoction also inhibited the protein and mRNA expression levels of Rab27a and the exosome-specific markers CD63,ALIX,and TSG101 in mice.Conclusions Houpu Sanwu decoction inhibits tumor growth and the secretion of exosomes,possibly by regulating Rab27a.

OBJECTIVETo study the regulatory effects of psoralen (PSO) plus ultraviolet A (UVA), which is PUVA, on cell apoptosis of human leukemia cell line NB4 and signal pathway of cell apoptosis.

METHODSHuman leukemia cell line NB4 was cultured in vitro. The NB4 cells were treated with PSO extracted from Chinese medicine psoralea fruits at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 microL) plus UVA of wave length 360 nm at different irradiation time points (0 and 5 min). The apoptosis ratio was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The ultrastructure changes were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expressions of Caspase-8 and Caspase-8 protein were detected by immunocytochemical method (ICC).

RESULTSAfter treatment of PSO at different concentrations with a 0 and 5-min exposure of UVA, the apoptosis rate of NB4 cells increased dose-and time-dependently, and was up to peak after treatment of PSO at 40 microg/mL with 5-min exposure of UVA. An interaction was shown between the two factors (P <0. 01). There were obvious morphological apoptosis of NB4 cells under TEM after treated with PUVA. The expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 protein were up-regulated by PSO, UVA, and PUVA, but the effects of PUVA on Caspase-3 protein were stronger than PSO and UVA at 12 h time-dependently (P <0.01).An interaction was shown between the concentration of PSO and time of UVA (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe optimal combination of PUVA was PSO in 40 microg/mL and 5-min exposure of UVA. PUVA could induce the apoptosis of NB4 cells and in vitro activate Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 genes.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Ficusin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Photochemotherapy ; methods ; Ultraviolet Rays

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on testicular injury induced by exposure to high power microwave (HPM) in rats.

METHODSA total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the microwave radiation model group, the treatment group, the new microwave radiation model group, and the prevention group, 6 in each group. All rats, except those in the normal control group, were exposed to microwave at an average power density of 200 mW/cm2 for 6 min. Rats in the control group and the model group were administered with normal saline by gastrogavage, once a day. Rats in the treatment group and the prevention group were given with Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides by gastrogavage, 2 mL each time (400 mg/kg body weight), once a day. All rats were sacrificed on the 11th day.The sperm density and the rate of sperm deformity were determined. Pathological changes of testis were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSShort-term HPM irradiation could significantly reduce the sperm density and increase the sperm deformity rate (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, obvious pathological changes of testes occurred. Compared with the two model groups, the sperm density increased and the sperm deformity rate decreased in the treatment group and the prevention group (P < 0.05). Under the light microscope, injuries of spermatogenic cells and stromal cells, as well as vascular dilatation and congestion were obviously alleviated in the treatment group and the prevention group. Mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum expansion shown by ultrastructural observation were also significantly alleviated. Of them, injuries of spermatogenic cells and inflammation response were milder in the treatment group than in the prevention group.

CONCLUSIONSInonotus obliquus polysaccharides had significant protective effect on microwave radiation induced testicular injury. Better effect was obtained by therapeutic medication than preventive medication.

Animals ; Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; Male ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; prevention & control ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Rapamycin (RPM) on angiogenesis and tumor progression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) implantation mice.

METHODSTumor tissues of HCC were implanted into the liver of nude mice. Then, nude mice were treated with RPM and cyclosporine A (CsA). Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immunohistochemical stain and image analysis were used to detect the protein expression of VEGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and microvessel density (MVD) was counted by endothelial cells immunostained by anti-CD34 antibody. The concentration of VEGF in the peripheral blood was detected by ELISA.

RESULTS(1) The tumor weights were (372 +/- 35) mg, (769 +/- 39) mg and (751 +/- 42) mg in RPM, CsA and control group respectively. The tumor weight was significantly decreased in RPM group and no difference in CsA group compared with control group. (2) The expression of VEGF mRNA, VEGF and PCNA protein in tumor tissues and concentration of VEGF in the peripheral blood were remarkably down-regulated in RPM group compared with control group (P < 0.05) and were not remarkably different in CsA group from in control (P > 0.05).(3) Comparing with the control, the tumor MVD was remarkably decreased in RPM group (P < 0.05), and no difference in CsA group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRPM can inhibit angiogenesis and tumor progression of HCC by down-regulated the gene and protein expression of VEGF and inhibited the growth of tumor.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo separate and identify the chemical constituents of Blumea riparia.

METHODThe compounds were separated and purified by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH -20 column chromatographiy. The structures of these compounds isolated were identified by analysis of their spectral data, physical and chemical properties.

RESULTSix flavonoids were isolated from B. riparia. and their structures were identified as eriodictyol-7, 4'-dimethyl ether (1), eriodictyol-7, 3'-dimethyl ether (2), eriodictyol-7-methyl ether (3), quercetin-7, 3', 4'-trimethyl ether (4), tamarixetin (5), rhamnocitrin (6).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1-6 were obtained from B. riparia for the first time.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy