Phellinus is a kind of rare medicinal fungus that has a variety of physiological activities include anti-cancer, anti-liver fibrosisa, antioxidant and so on. Phellinus contains polysaccharides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, pyrone, furan, alkaloids and other substances. Polysaccharide extracts of phellinus showed obvious antitumor effect and has been a hot research field in recent years. It was also found other extracts of phellinus such as ethyl acetate extract exhibited anticancer activity. Thus, the antitumor effect of different extract, especially the anti-cancer mechanism were discussed in this review.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Basidiomycota ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; prevention & control

Adult ; Asthenopia ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Automobile Driving ; Color Perception ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To find out iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in the third trimester and the relationship between pregnant women and their neonates thyroid function in a high iodine area.Methods From April to June 2010,210 copies of fasting morning urine and venous blood,and their neonatal umbilical cord blood samples were collected in Haixing Hospital,Cangzhou city,Hebei province.Urinary iodine was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The levels of free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine (FT4) and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (sTSH) in serum were measured by chemiluminescence.Results Median urinary iodine of 210 pregnant women(average age 27.69 ± 4.73 years) in the third trimester was 1240.70 μg/L,84.3％(177/210) of them was in excessive iodine nutrition,and only 0.5％(1/210) of them was in adequate iodine nutrition.The prevalence rate of thyroid diseases was 19.5％ (41/210),and the spectrum of diseases were subclinical hypothyroidism(16.2％,34/210),subclinical hyperthyroidism(0.9％,2/210),hypothyroidism(2.4％,5/210) and hyperthyroidism (0,0/210).The number of newborns with sTSH 5 - ＞ 10 mU/L were 104 persons (49.5％); 10 - ＞ 20 mU/L were 44 persons(21.0％),and ≥20 mU/L were 16 persons(7.6％).Of pregnant women suffer from thyroid disease,the ratio(50.0％,24/48 ) of sTSH equal to 10.18 mU/L and ＞ 10 mU/L of their neonates was higher than that of their corresponding non-ill pregnant women(6.78 mU/L,Z =- 2.867,P ＜ 0.05; 22.2％,36/162,x2 =14.000,P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between neonates' and their mothers' sTSH levels (r =0.278,P ＜ 0.05).There was also a positive correlation between neonates' (sTSH ＞ 10 mU/L) and their mothers' abnormal sTSH levels (r =0.240,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Most of the pregnant women in high iodine areas are iodine excess.The level of neonates' sTSH is higher,and it is due to their mothers' abnormal sTSH and suffering from thyroid diseases to some extent.As a result,the monitoring of pregnant women's iodine nutrition and thyroid function and sTSH level of their neonates should be strengthened.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hospital Costs ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Stents ; adverse effects ; economics

Objective To study the chemical kinetics characteristics in a new revised method with low usage amount of arsenic trioxide for determining urinary iodine by arsenite-ceric catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium persulfate digestion,and to study the impact of operating bias in arsenite-ceric reaction temperature and reaction time on final results in this method.Methods The absorbances (A) of arsenite-ceric reaction of iodine standard series were measured at different reaction temperature and time,and the results were analyzed according to the chemical kinetics equation.The change values and half-life of A values of the new revised method and the current standard method were calculated.The chemical kinetics model of reaction system for this new revised method was deduced from experimental results.The calculation formula of result relative error for urinary iodine determination was deduced based on constants reaction temperature and reaction time and reaction rate constant factor.The result relative errors caused by operation deviation of reaction temperature or reaction time in the determination of urinary iodine were calculated.Results The usage amount of arsenious acid solution in the new revised method was only a quarter of usage amount of the current standard method(WS/T 107-2006).A values of each concentration of standard curve series at different reaction time t were obtained,the lnA to t mapping was a straight line,the linear correlation coefficients were-0.9995--0.9999.These results were in accord with the characteristic of chemical first-order reaction.Relationships between the reaction rate constant K and the reaction temperature T in the temperature range of 20-35 ℃ were well accord with Arrhenius equation.The A values and iodine concentrations (C) at various experimental temperatures showed good C =a + blnA linear relation,the absolute value of the linear correlation coefficient(｜ r ｜) ＞ 0.9990.After calculation and comparison of changes in the half-life of A values in the new revised method and in the original standard method at 20,25,30,35 ℃ reaction temperature,half-life of A values of 0-300 μg/L iodine standard series in the new revised method and in the original standard method were 191.0-11.4 min and 66.8-10.2 min at 25℃,respectively.Under the same conditions of 25 ℃ for 40 min,the gradient of A values of 0-300 μg/L iodine standard curve in the new revised method was similar to that of the original standard method(slope-133.7,-139.2,respectively).But differences between A values of standard curve and the reaction initial absorbance(A0) in the original standard method were 1.4 to 3.7 times those of the new revised method.A chemical kinetics model of reacting system for this method was established.A series of urinary iodine results relative error data were obtained when reaction temperature deviation was ± 1,± 0.5,± 0.3 ℃ or reaction time deviation was ± 1 min for sample test tubes.Data showed that relative errors of urinary iodine results caused by reaction temperature deviation or reaction time deviation in the new revised method were less than those of the original standard method.Conclusions The iodine-catalyzed arsenite-ceric reaction in the new revised method is a first-order reaction,when measuring 0-300 μg/L urinary iodine at 20-35 ℃,and 300-1200 μg/L urinary iodine at 20-30 ℃,the calibration relation of C =a + blnA is established when arsenite-ceric catalytic spectrophotometry is kept at a certain stable temperature and in certain stable reaction time.Compared with the original standard method,using the revised method with low usage amount of arsenic trioxide for measuring urinary iodine,the arsenite-ceric reaction rate is slow down.As a result,this method is easier to operate and has better precision and accuracy.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of glycogen synthase 3β (GSK-3β) in the regula-tion of NLRP3 inflammasome activation after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Sprague Dawley(SD) rats. METHODS Ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) in SD rats was used to establish an acute myocardial infarction model. SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10, each group):sham group,MI group,and MI+SB group:the GSK-3β inhibitor(SB216763)was given 1 h by intrave-nous injection(0.6 mg·kg-1·d-1)before surgery.The serum and heart tissue were collected to measure lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and IL-1β content and mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, Cas-pase-1,IL-1β and GSK-3β after 2 days and 7 days operation,respectively.RESULTS The serum levels of LDH and IL-1β in the MI group were significantly higher than those in the sham group(P<0.01),and the MI+SB group was obviously lower than the MI group(P<0.01).In addition,mRNA and protein levels of NNLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and GSK-3β expressions in MI group were clearly increased (P<0.01) compared with those in sham group.These indicators were significantly decreased in SB+MI group (P<0.01). Interestingly, the indicators were all higher at 7 days than 2 days. CONCLUSION GSK-3β inhibition induces cardioprotection via attenuating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome after the acute myocardial infarction in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of bifidobacterial adhesin (BA) on nuclear factor of κB (NF-κB) and cytokines of intestinal mucosa of stressed rats.Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into stress group (n =24) and BA group (n =24) using the stochastic indicator method.After the stressed rat models were established withfettering as the stress condition,the experiment lasted 8 days.Both groups were given enteral nutrition (EN) with heat 125.4 kJ/(kg · d) and nitrogen 0.2 g/(kg · d).The BA group was fed with EN plus 5 mg/ (kg · d) bifidobacterial adhesin,and the stress group was fed with EN plus equivalent volume of normal saline [5 mg/ (kg · d)].The levels of NF-κB,interleukin-10 (IL-10),tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured in both groups before modeling,after modeling,on the 3rd intervention day,and on the 8th intervention day.The changes in the morphology of intestinal mucosal were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results (1) Expression of NF-κB:The positive expression rate of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa was 0,79.2％,63.5％,and 66.7％ in the control group and 0,68.4％,55.7％,and 45.8％ in the BA group before modeling,after modeling,on the 3rd intervention day,and on the 8th intervention day.The expressions of NF-κB in both groups significantly increased after the modeling (both P =0.000).Even on the 3rd and 8th intervention days,the positive expression rates of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa were still significantly higher than the pre-modeling level (both P =0.000).Compared with the levels after modeling and in the control group,the expression of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa in the BA group on the 8th intervention day was significantly down-regulated (P =0.015,P =0.021).(2) Quantitative expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ:Compared with the pre-modeling levels,the intestinal mncosa levels of TNF-α [stressed group:(154.63 ± 17.52) pg/g,(198.72 ±26.59) pg/g; BA group:(154.63 ±17.52) pg/g,(201.45 ±28.16) pg/g],IFN-γ [stressed group:(39.47 ±5.76) pg/g,(55.32 ±5.93) pg/g; BA group:(39.47 ± 5.76),(60.75 ± 7.68) pg/g] and the plasma levels of TNF-α [stressed group:(17.35±2.62) pg/g,(30.56±4.85) ng/L; BA group:(83.31 ±9.78) pg/g,(114.82±13.78) ng/L] and IFN-γ [stressed group:(17.35 ±2.62) pg/g,(28.73 ±4.17) ng/L; BA group:(17.35 ± 2.62) pg/g,(30.56 ± 4.85) ng/L] significantl increased (all P ＜ 0.05).On the 3rd and 8th intervention day,the intestinal mucosa levels of IFN-γ [(58.16 ± 7.38) pg/g,(56.37 ± 7.29) pg/g] and TNF-α [(215.76 ±31.54) pg/g and (211.83 ±33.61) pg/g] and plasma levels of IFN-γ [(29.35 ±4.76) ng/L,(30.25±3.67) ng/L] andTNF-α [(125.71 ±17.38) ng/L,(141.26±19.65) ng/L] in the stressed group were significantly higher than the pre-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05).On the 3rd and 8th intervention day,the intestinal mucosa levels of IFN-γ [(165.43 ± 24.58) pg/g,(171.57 ± 26.87) pg/g]and IFN-γ [(42.35 ±4.92) pg/g,(40.58 ±4.65) pg/g] and the plasma levels of TNF-α [(103.96 ±13.68) ng/L,(94.53±12.66) ng/L] and IFN-γ [(20.78±2.84) ng/L,(19.65±2.45) ng/L] in the BA group were significantly lower than the post-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05),whereas those of IL (intestinal mucosa:(62.82 ±8.34) pg/g,(75.16 ±9.65) pg/g; plasma:(43.32 ±5.28) ng/L,(55.64 ±6.87) ng/L] were significantly higher than the post-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the stressed group,the intestinal mucosa levels of TNF-α and IFN-γand plasma levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α significantly decreased while the IL-10 level significantly increased (all P ＜0.05) in the BA group.(3) Histomorphology showed that,compared that the ileal mucosal villi and crypt structure were recovered in the BA group on the 8th intervention day.Compared with the post-modeling conditions,the ileal mucosal villi and crypt structure were damaged in the stressed group,showing edema of the lamina propria,in which inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.Conclusions BA is helpful for the repair of the intestinal mucosa injury after stress by regulating the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of intestinal mucosa.

To improve ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,an integration plasmid pUPGKAT with PGK promoter(phosphoglycerate kinase promoter),adh1 gene(the coding sequences of alcohol dehydrogenaseⅠ) and CYC1 terminator(Cytochrome c transcription terminator) was constructed.Firstly,a fusion fragment composed of PGK promoter and adh1 gene was generated by over lap extension PCR and ligated into pUG6 resulting in plasmid pUPGKA.Subsequently,CYC1 termi nator was amplified from pSH65 by PCR and ligated to the SpeⅠand SacⅡrestriction site of pUPGKA.To integrate PGK-adh1-CYC1 into S.cerevisiae genome,pUPGKAT was digested by TthⅢⅠand the lin-earized plasmid was used to transform S.cerevisiae YS2-△adh2(adh2 disrupted strain) by lithium acetate method.The yeast mutant YS2-△adh2-adh1 which had the adh1 gene placed under the PGK promoter and harbored the adh2 deletion was constructed.Anaerobic fermentation showed overexpression of adh1 by PGK promoter resulted in a 8.84% higher ethanol production compared to YS2-△adh2.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the effect of the early postoperative enteral nutrition on improving the nutritional status, cost of nutrition and hospital stay after operation in abdominal surgery.Methods 48 patients who underwent abdominal operation were allocated into 2 groups: enteral nutrition group(EN group,23 cases) and parenteral nutrition group(PN group,25 cases). It was isonitrogenous and isocaloric intake in both groups. Each day nitrogen intake (0.18±0.02)g/kg,104.6—125.52 kJ(25—30kCal/kg). EN was given at postoperation 8 hours by naso intestinal tube which was placed 30 cm distal to ligament of Treitz or jejunal export loop. PN was provided by peripherally inserted central venous catheters(PICC). The nutritional indices were investigated. A visual analogy scale was used to estimate the infection related complication, cost of nutrition and hospital stay. These parameters were evaluated preoperatively and on the 8th day after operation.Results Early postoperative enteral nutrition showed significant nutrition effect in the patients undergoing abdominal surgery. In the EN group,the nitrogen balance became positive at the postoperative day 4,whereas the nitrogen balance still remained negative in the PN group. The EN group decreased their hospital stay and cost of nutrition compared with that of the PN group(P<0.05). Conclusion The early postoperative enteral nutrition is safe and feasible. It cannot only improve the nutritional status and intestinal function obviously, but also decreased the hospital stay and cost of nutrition compared with parenteral nutrition.

Polymyxin E shows effective treatment of the infection induced by resistant gramnegative bacteria, but its nephrotoxicity severely limits the clinical application of this drug. In this work, methoxypolyethylene glycols 2000 (mPEG2K)-polymyxin E (PME) was synthesized via chemical grafting reaction and had been characterized. The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of mPEG2K-PME in vitro were investigated on Escherichia coli and HK-2 cells, separately. Intra-abdominal infection model was further established in order to study the therapeutic effect and the toxic effect on kidney of mice. The results showed that mPEG2K-PME exhibited significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and had a lower toxicity on HK-2 cells in vitro. At the same time, mPEG2K-PME had a good efficacy in the treatment of Escherichia coli infected mice in vivo. Moreover, nephrotoxicity caused by mPEG2K-PME was significantly reduced compared to free PME. mPEG2K-PME is promising in development of new preparations with high efficiency and low toxicity.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Colistin ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Escherichia coli Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry