As an inhibitory amino acid similar to gama-aminobutyric acid,taurine can activate the corticostriatal pathway as an endogenous ligand for glycine receptors,establishing equilibrium between the excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain.In mammalian brains,taurine concentrations increase during the developmental period of the brain until weaning,and subsequently decline reaching stable concentrations in adulthood.With abilities of anti-oxidative stress,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis,taurine can improve the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,promote the proliferation and differentiation of neurons and affect brain development,It needs more investigations to prove when and how taurine supplementation during gestation,baby,children or adult can assist the development of the brain and prevent the damage of the brain from hypoxic and ischemic damage.

0.05).Quality of life in all the cases was satisfactory.Conclusions The living donor nephrectomy is feasible and safe.It is very important to examine living donor before operation,operate very carefully and perform long- term follow-up.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; RNA ; administration & dosage ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture at Shuigou (DU26) on latency and amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) in rats after cerebral infarction.

Animal medicines mainly contain protein which was organic molecule with quaternary structure and had the property of thermal denaturation. When suffering from heat for a consistent time, the native conformation of protein would be destroyed. After denaturation the biological activity of protein will lose and some physicochemical and biochemical properties will be changed. Leech was a classical animal medicine in the views of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which had the functions of breaking stagnant and eliminating blood stasis. In the usage history, it was processed for a long time. No matter stir-frying leech with talc powder embodied in Chinese Pharmacopoeia or stir-baking with wine as a distinctive method in Beijing district, the process procedure was basically performed under high temperature. The purposes and intentions of process are mostly limited to technology conditions at specific historical period. In this article, based on existing processing procedure and its character of Leech, the changes of active components and pharmacological activities before and after processing under high temperature were summarized. The results demonstrate that the protein of leech would be denaturated; some active peptide such as hirudin were partly or totally destroyed; some toxic mineral elements, such as Pb, Hg, Cd, were decreased; at the same time, heating can promote some chemical components transforming into hypoxanthine which had the function of antihypertensive, antiasthmatic and antalgic. Consequently, after processed under high temperature, the purpose of decreasing toxicity and alleviating the strong property was achieved. Pharmacological changes of leech processed under high temperature were mainly manifested in the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity, etc. Based on current processing research status about animal medicine leech, future research methods and directions on scientific connotation of leech processed under high temperature were put forward in this article.
Animals ; Biological Factors ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Leeches ; chemistry

This study was aimed to observe the clinical effect of Pingai Mixture intervention on HIV/AIDS patients in order to clarify the characteristics of Pingai Mixture for AIDS treatment. A total of 41 HIV/AIDS patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Pingai Mixture was applied in the treatment. Three months was one treatment course. The treatment was given for two courses. Clinical symptoms, physical signs and changes in CD4+ lymphocytes of HIV/AIDS patients before and after treatment were observed. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the posttreatment total score (primary, secondary symptoms and the main physical sign cred-its) was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P < 0.01). The posttreatment spontaneous perspiration, night sweats, hair loss and other symptoms of a separate score was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P< 0.05). There were no significant changes on other symptoms or physical sign indicators. There was no significant difference in the Karnovsky score after 6-month treatment compared with pretreatment. It was concluded that Pingai Mixture is effective in AIDS treatment. It can improve the clinical symptoms and the administration is safe.

Objective To seauch the ideal management for gross hematuria in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).Methods ADPKD patients who were ever hospitalized and followed up in our department since 1993 were enrolled in the study.Demographic and clinical data were colloected,such as gender,age of gross hematuria,level of renal function,causative factors,management strategies,duration of gross hematuria,blood platelet count,activated partial thromboplastin time,prothrombin time,international normalized ratio,size of kidney cyst and so on.ADPKD patients were divided into different groups according to causative factors or management.The clinical data were compared among groups.Results A total of 905 ADPKD patients were screened,among whom 279 patients ever had gross hematuria (male/female:150/129),One hundred and forty-six patients had integrated therapeutic process records,while only 101patients could provide relevant laboratory examination results.In these 101 patients,gross hematuria was found in any stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD); the average eGFR was (56.4±44.1) mml·min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1; the duration of gross hematuria was (8.8±8.0) d; no significant difference between male and female in duration of gross hematuria existed [(8.2±7.3) d vs (9.5±8.8) d,P=0.426]; coagulation parameters were all normal.The platelet count was also normal in 91 patients.Duration of gross hematuria among groups divided according to different causative factors was significantly different (P＜0.05).The patients in bed rest group had significantly shorter duration of gross hematuria compared with other groups (P＜0.05).The platelet count,prothromhin time and international normalized ratio were all at similar level in different groups.Conclusions The causative factors in ADPKD patients with gross hematuria should be confirmed as the first step of management strategies.Bed rest is the key point in management.Antifibrinolytic agent is a proper choice in the cases receiving bemostatic drugs.It is unnecessary to use antibiotic agent for prevention.

Animals ; Manganese ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Organometallic Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To establish an simple and convenient animal model of cardiac arrest for studying cerebral resuscitation.Method Clean male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group and experimental group.Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxiation and ice-cold 0.5 mol KCl with blood flow cut off for 5 minutes.Animals were resuscitated with external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR),mechanical ventilation,and epinephrine injection.Blood pressure,heart rate,successful ratio of resuscitation after 72 hours, time of cardiac arrest (T_(CA)) and return of spontaneous circulation (T_(ROSC)) were recorded.Neural deficit scores (NDS) and levels of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) in plasma were evaluated at 3,6,12,24,48,72 hours after ROSC.The damage score of cortex was measured by transmission electron microscope examination at 3 hours and 72 hours after ROSC.Results All the rats in experimental group had cardiac arrest rapidly.T_(CA) and T_(ROSC) were (137.3?10.2) seconds and (64.4?9.3) seconds,respectively,while the successful rate of resuscitation was 82.5%.The lowest NDS was at 3 hours after ROSC,while the NDS increased gradually.After CPR,the level of MDA in plasma increased significantly,slightly declined at 72 hours after ROSC,but still significantly higher than before the model.Electron microscope examination of cortex showed neuron slightly,organelle and astrocyte,but became better after 72 hours post ROSC.Conclusions The model of cardiac arrest was easy to establish,and the data provided was accurate,which is useful to study the mechanism of cerebral resuscitation.

16M?) ). Using this method could not only avoid the interference of medium on the chromatographic behavior of Ralstonia solanacearum, but also keep the cell viability and cell surface properties.