OBJECTIVE: To recognize the research status on the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidases in cell growth and death,and explore the effects of ROS and NADPH oxidases on cardiomyocyte differentiation.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline was undertaken for the articles about the action mechanism of reactive oxygen and NADPH oxidases in cell growth and death published in English between January 1997 and December 2003 with the key words of "Reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, Cardiomyocytes, Differentiation, Signal transduction".STUDY SELECTION: Inclusive criteria: ①Articles on ROS production and structure and activation of NADPH oxidase and their action mechanism in cell growth and death; ②Research about the molecule mechanism of cardiomyocytes differentiation. The repetitive research and review articles were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 132 articles about the action mechanism of ROS and NADPH oxidase and cardiomyocytes differentiation were collected, and 78 ones met the inclusive criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①ROS involved in pathogenesis of many diseases were mainly from intramitochondrial electron transport chains, and NADPH oxidase was closely related with ROS production; NADPH oxidase firstly found in phagocyte was a kind of multienzyme complex, and its activity was regulated by the concentration of Ca2+ in cells and mRNA expression of its subunits. ②At present, many researchers presumed that oxidative stress was a double-edged sword, and it two-ways regulated the cell proliferation and death, in which ROS served as the second messenger in the signal transduction. Recent data showed that ROS and NADPH oxidase played important roles in cardiomyocytes differentiation; however, it was not identified which subunit of NADPH oxidase expressed in myocardial cells and its detail regulative pathway. Those problems were important for further study in the molecule mechanism of cardiomyocytes differentiation.CONCLUSION: ROS including superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH-), are generated in cardiomyocytes mainly by a membrane-bound NADPH oxidase (NOX). The NOX-derived ROS, as the second passenger, play important roles in various intracellular signaling pathways. In cardiomyocytes, ROS have the potential to alter the balance between cell growth and death through these signaling pathways. Recently,ROS have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Research in the regulation mechanisms of ROS will contribute to our better understanding of he role of ROS and NADPH oxidase in cardicomyocyte differentiation and will lead to the identification of factors able to promote cardiac differentiation.

AIM: To observe the effect of nonpenetrating trabeculectomy with implantation of amniotic membrane on the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.METHODS: Sixty-six cases (87 eyes) were randomly paired into 3 groups, treated with nonpenetrating trabeculectomy with implantation of amniotic membrane (22 cases, 29 eyes),compound trabeculectomy (22 cases, 29 eyes) and nonpenetrating trabeculectomy with implantation of SKGel (22 cases, 29 eyes), respectively.RESULTS: Compared with the other 2 groups, the group of nonpenetrating trabeculectomy with implantation of amniotic membrane got a better postoperative visual acuity (P＜0.01),satisfactively-controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) (P＜0.01)and fewer complications (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Nonpenetrating trabeculectomy with implantation of amniotic membrane is an effective method for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

AIM: Studies reveal that, cytokines play an important role in the process of various inflammatory reaction, wound repair and cell mutation, also, cytokines are expected to be a novel indicator of ratiocinating wound time. This study was designed to explore the changes in gene expression of interlukin-1? (IL-1?) and interlukin-1? (IL-1?) during the skin wound healing process in mice at different phases. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Forensic Medicine Department of China Criminal Police University from March 2006 to December 2007. ①Thirty-five BALB/c inbred male white mice of cleaning grade, aged 25-27 g, were used in this study. ②Skin wound model was induced by injuries in the area of 1.0 cm away from two sides of spinal column, without affection on muscles. Three pairs of injuries were established in each mouse. Five animals were decapitated under anesthesia at 0, 3, 6, 12 hours and 1, 3, 6 days, respectively, whereas those at 0 hour were taken as controls. ③The white blood cells at different phases were observed under microscope after immunochemical staining. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was applied to detect gene expression of IL-1? and IL-1?. RESULTS: Thirty-five BALB-c inbred male white mice were all involved in the result analysis. ①Skin wound was weakly positive during 0-5 hours after injury; the positive reaction was attenuated during 6-24 hours, and positive cells increased, of which macrophages were dominant. Infiltration of massive leucocyte neutrophils and a small quantity of mononuclear cells were detectable at 1 day; mononuclear cells increased during 2-4 days, and reached a peak at 3 days. In control group, the epidermis, folliculus pili, glandulae sebaceae and coil gland were all weakly positive. ②IL-1? and IL-1? were expressed at early phase after injury, and two expressing peaks were found at 6 and 72 hours, then decreased to normalized levels at 6 days after injury. CONCLUSION: Genet expression of IL-1? and IL-1? in damaged tissues has a regularity with wound time, and can be used for reference to estimate early injury age in forensic cases.

The tissue engineering technology that developed in the 1980s brings a hope for the regeneration of human organs. It is feasible to construct by-pass vessels, which have no immune resistance but are capable of anticoagulation. At present, a huge number of researches have provided the necessary basis for the construction. However, there are still some difficulties on the points of induction and proliferation of endothelial cells, development of new materials for scaffold and co-culture of seed cells in scaffold. These difficulties have become the bottle neck of tissue engineered blood vessels. The tissue engineering vessels are nowadays absent in clinical practice. With the progress in researches of tissue engineering, it is strongly believed that human organs and tissues can be constructed using tissue engineering technology, thus satisfying the donors of organ transplantation.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK/PD)modeling,as an available tool accounting for the interrelated dynamic connection between the dosage and efficiency of drugs,plays an important role in the field of studying the mechanism and optimizing the clinical administration of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Based on the general illustration on the foregoing application of PK/PD modeling,the present work investigates the involving challenges in the field,such as the selection of the target chemical composition and effect mark.In accordance with the unique properties of TCM,further,the related suggestions,mainly focusing on determining the substances based on the effect and establishing the multi-index appraise system,are put forward as reference for the following research work.

Barrett's esophagus is known the only precancerous lesions of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Besides conventional endoscopy and pathologic biopsy,drugs and surgical treatment of the Barrett's esophagus,in recent years,some new endoscopic diagnosis and treatment technology were obtained.The progress of endoscopic diagnosis and therapy technique in Barrett's esophagus are reviewed in this paper.

A better understanding of the function of spleen has been gained recently,owing to the in-depth studies on the structure,cellular function,secretion and innervation of spleen.It is generally accepted that the spleen is the important part of the regulation network between immune,nerve and endocrine system.The spleen has much more functions besides blood filtering and storing,haematogenesis,and immunization,and its immune function has characteristics of two-way and phase.But further study is still needed for the precise evaluation of function of the spleen,especially the spleen on the pathologic state,clarification of the pathogenesis of hypersplenism,and the relationship between spleen and other organs.Here we introduced the progress of fundamental research of the spleen from multiple perspectives.

Objective To explore the role of Joint Commission International(JCI) standards on the improvement of pharmaceutical care in pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) during the JCI accreditation.Methods The changes of PIVAS in Huangshi Central Hospital were analyzed and compared during JCI accreditation in respect of facilities,software management,service processes,safety awareness of the PIVAS staff and pharmacy management,service evaluation,error rate,etc.Results After JCI accreditation,the process of PIVAS were optimized,the software were updated ,and the safety awareness of PIVAS staff was improved;the management of high alert drugs was implemented more strictly;more importance was attached to the details of pharmaceutical care;the satisfaction degree of the clinic units to PIVAS was increased from 87.0% in 2014 to 98.0% in 2015;error rate was decreased from 0.40‰ in 2014 to 0.15‰ in 2015.The incidence rate of defective product was decreased from 0.32‰ in 2014 to 0.07‰ in March 2015.The correct rate of medical waste classification treatment was increased from about 85.5% in 2014 to 100.0% in 2015.Hand hygiene compliance rate and correct rate were increased up to 100.0%.6S site management activity participation rate was increased up to 100.0%.Conclusion The application of JCI standards and the process of JCI accreditation improve the quality of pharmaceutical care in hospital PIVAS.It can improve the medical safety in hospital.

Carcinoma, Papillary ; surgery ; Carotid Arteries ; surgery ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Voice Disorders ; etiology ; surgery

Subclavian artery occlusion is a common peripheral artery occlusion disease of various causes,with incidence of 1.9％.The most common symptoms are dizziness,ataxia,and hemiplegia that are caused by subclavian steal syndrome.Surgery is the only therapeutic method for symptomatic patients.Open surgery remains an important role despite of the rapid progress in endovascular surgery.Main surgical method includes carotid-subclavian transposition (CST),carotid-subclavian bypass (CSB) and axillary-axillary bypass.Each one is suitable for different lesions and anatomies.Both the effectiveness and safety have been testified.