Coronary magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)is a technique that allows visualization of the coronary arteries by noninvasive means.This review summarizes results from several studies comparing the difference of coronary MRA with conventional coronary angiography,and finds it to be a diagnosis tool of coronary artery stenoses with a high degree of accuracy,especially with sites at the proximal and middle segments.Current limitations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional coronary MIRA are discussed,which prevents it to be sensitive enough as a screening tool.The development trends of coronary MRA are also been evaluated.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:139-142)

Eight-weeks old C57BL/6J male mice were treated with normal or high fat diet for4 weeks,and then bone mass,number and activity of osteoclasts,differentiation of osteoblasts from bone marrow mesenchymal cells and the change in lipid genes expression were studied.Compared with the normal diet treated group,bone mass of femur from high fat diet treated animal was decreased,but there were increased number and activity of osteoclasts and raised lipid genes expression levels.Besides,no obvious change was found in differentiation of osteoblasts from bone marrow mesenchymal cells.The loss of bone mass induced with high fat diet in young mice was mainly due to increased activity of osteoclasts and bone resorption.

Objective To verify the effectiveness of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with multi-layer electrodes in gastric emptying measurement by simulation experiments using EIT with three-layer electrodes.Methods Firstly,EIT system with three-layer electrodes and gastric emptying measurement simulation equipment was designed and constructed to simulate gastric emptying process and obtain EIT reconstruction images.Secondly,the region where the electrical characteristic of gastric changes was selected as region of interest.Finally,the relative impedance change rate in region of interest for every image obtained from all three layers was consecutively recorded,then the gastric emptying curve was formed and gastric emptying time was calculated.Results There are obvious differences among the sharp of impedance change curves of interested region for three layers,and the gastric emptying time and process of each layer is also different from one another.It is suggested that the passing path and emptying manner of food in gastric emptying process reflected by EIT images varied from layer to layer.Therefore,the necessity and feasibility of using EIT with three-layer electrodes in gastric emptying measurement study is verified.Conclusions EIT with three-layer electrodes can provide more abundant information of gastric motility function associated with gastric emptying pathology and physiology state.It is likely to be a noninvasive,convenient and effective imaging method for the detection and evaluation research on gastric emptying and gastric motility.

To modify uricase with PEG reagent in order to decrease uricase immunogenieity and increase its stability.Methods:The branched PEG of 40 kD was chosen to modify native uricase.The properties of the mod-ified uricase including the stabilities to protease,pH and temperature,in vivo half-life time,as well as the immu-nogenicity were evaluated.The pharmacokinetic profiles of the midofied uricase were studied in mice.Results:It is demonstrated that the conjugation of PEG to lysine residues of Candida utilis uricase resulted in higher tryp-sin resistance.reduced immune response.and prolonged in vivo half-life.PEG modified uricase retained 80% of the enzymatic activity of native uricase.In addition,it was found that half-life in serum of the intravenously injec-ted PEGylated uriease of up to 696 min was longer that that of native uficase of 45 min.Higher plasma drug con-centrations were also reached with dosing of the PEGylated uricase to mice.Furthermore,the binding affinity Was shown to be reduced for the PEG-uricase using ELISA assay.and it was one-eishth that of native uricase.Final-ly,it Was indicated that the PEG uficase induced a delayed immunoresponse in mice following repeated adminis-trations.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that this chemically modified form of uricase may serve as a potentially effective drug to treat gout patients.

AIM To study the inhibitory effect of the cytotoxin (CTX) from guangxi cobra venom on human nasopharyngeal cancer cell (CNE) and other tumons cells. METHODS The cytotoxin was isolated and purified from Guangxi cobra venom by successive chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and CM Sepharose CL-6B columns. Its cytotoxic effects and does-effect relationship on human tumors cell lines were examined by MTT assay. RESULTS The inhibitory effects of CTX CM-5 on CNE, human ovarian carcinoma cell (Ho8990), uterus cervical carcinoma cell (HELA) and lymphoma (YAC) cell lines showed a definite does-effect relationship. The IC 50 (48 h in cubation) was 1.84, 2.59, 1.84 and 0.75 mg?L -1 respctively. The inhibitory effects of CTX CM-5 on CNE increased with time. The IC 50 (3 h and 24 h cubation) was 4.78 and 1.04 mg?L -1 respctively. CONCLUSION CTX from Guangxi cobra venom exhibites strong suppressive effect on cultured tumor cells line in vitro.

The expression and possible role of integrin-focal adhesion kinase signal pathway in invasive pituitary adenomas were explored. Forty-nine human pituitary adenomas were detected for the expression of integrinbeta1 (INTbeta1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas as well as between themselves was analyzed. The results showed that INTbeta1 was expressed in 46 cases (93.9%) and FAK in 36 cases (73.5%), respectively, and their expression levels were highly correlated with tumor invasiveness, but not with the tumor types. It was suggested that the integrin-focal adhesion kinase signal pathway plays a role in the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of BMP 2 on wound healing of facial nerve. Methods: Facial nerve was crushed in 6 rabbits.1 ng of BMP 2 in 20 ?l of saline was injected around the injured nerve on one side, 20 ?l of saline was injected on the other side as the control.Each two animals were sacrificed 1d,2 and 4 weeks after injury.The nerve samples were studied by histological observation,electron microscopic observation and image pattern analysis.Results:Better healing was observed in BMP 2 treated nerves in 2 and 4 weeks.4 weeks after injury,the axon number on each 100 ?m2 in BMP 2 treated nerves and control ones was 0.946?0.572 and 0.614?0.430(P

Objective To study the phase correlation of cutaneous multichannel impedance measurements and the contractions, peristalsis of stomach and the conduction properties in space.Methods A spiral gastric body model was rotated to simulate shrinkage and creep of the stomach.In order to verify the feasibility and validity of the multichannel impedance gastric dynamic measurement, experiments with emulation of multichannel impedance gastric motility measuring principle were conducted through three-dimensional simulation on the electrical characteristics of gastric body model in saline tank simulator.Results The emulation results showed that the change of epigastric current density and potential distribution is consistent with the course of moving from top to bottom when lateral edge of model (namely the intumescent location when the stomach is full) after detecting electrodes in sequence.Meanwhile, the measurement voltage wave forms clearly showed the contraction location of stomach after the model rotating for three cycles in a row, and the phase relationship between adjacent measurement channels was also measured.The sixty seconds data acquired by the experiment device proved that voltage wave form of three measurement channels corresponded to the phase relationship of movement status of the gastric body model.Conclusions Cutaneous multichannel wave forms prove a cyclical movement of stomach, and phase difference among the multichannel signals relating to speed of peristaltic wave, position of the measuring electrodes and channel spacing, etc.This study provides simulation and experimental basis for explanation of quantitative study of conduction properties in space and phase relationship between the results of surface multichannel impedance measurements and the contractions, peristalsis of stomach.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut embedding on gastrointestinal dysfunction after surgery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods Sixty-eight consecutively hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction after surgery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to December 2015 were enrolled.Six of those patients were withdrawn from the course of observation,and actually only 62 patients entered the study.They were divided into an observation group (32 cases) and a control group (30 cases) by random number table.All the patients of two groups were given conventional treatment of western medicine for consecutive 7 days.The observation group was additionally treated with acupoint catgut embedding.The control group took mosapride tablets via a nasogastric tube 5 mg,3 times a day.Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP),gastric residual volume (GRV),time for reaching standard enteral nutrition,serum diamine oxidase(DAO),D-Lactate activity,incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP),hospitalization days in ICU,28-day mortality and adverse reactions of acupoint catgut embedding were observed in the two groups.Results After treatment,the levels of IAP,DAO,D-lactic acid were lower than those before treatment,GRV was less than that before treatment in the two groups,and after treatment for 7 days the changes were more significant in the observation group [IAP (cmH2O,1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa):12.42±3.11 vs.17.70 ± 2.98,GRV (mL):129.54 ± 57.54 vs.242.91 ± 99.29,DAO (U/L):9.06± 2.84 vs.13.60 ± 7.16,D-Lactate (mg/L):16.47 ± 5.39 vs.26.29 ± 9.62,all P ＜ 0.01].Days of mechanical ventilation (days:6.97 ± 4.13 vs.9.23 ± 4.61),time for reaching standard enteral nutrition (days:4.25 ± 3.15 vs.5.50 ± 3.12) and hospitalization days in ICU (days:9.50± 4.03 vs.12.20 ± 6.38) in observation group were significantly shorter than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of HAP [15.6％ (5/32) vs.40.0％ (12/30)] and 28-day mortality [3.1％ (1/32) vs.6.7％ (2/30)] in observation group were obviously lower than those in control group.The patients in observation group had no significant adverse reactions of acupoint catgut embedding.Conclusions Acupoint catgut embedding therapy is not only easy to operate,but also can effectively improve gastrointestinal motility and intestinal barrier function in patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction after surgery of severe head injury,thus it is beneficial to reaching the enteral nutritional goal in less time,reducing the incidence of HAP,shortening the hospitalization time in ICU and promoting the recovery of the patients.

Objective Practical electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system with certain measurement resolution (MR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) differs a lot from ideal simulation conditions in EIT methodology research. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of practical system with different MR and SNR on EIT. Methods Based on the ideal simulation boundary voltages of adjacent excitation and adjacent measurement pattern, practical systems whose MR were 0.1 mV and 0.01 mV, SNR ranged from 40-80 dB and no noises were simulated, simulation study for three imaging models A, B and C with different positions in the to-be imaged field under practical system conditions above was carried out using the combined Tikhonov-NOSER regularization algorithm, and error of reconstruction (ER) function and structure similarity (SSIM) function were adopted for quantitative evaluation of image effect. Results There are differences between images obtained under different MR and SNR for different image models. In order to obtain images for three models, SNR of system should be at least 40-50 dB when MR was 0.01 mV. For the goal to obtain high quality images of A, B and C, SNR should be 80, 70 and 60 dB respectively. When MR was 0.1 mV, SNR for obtaining images of A, B, C were 60, 50 and 40 dB. Moreover, the improvement of images with increasing SNR under MR of 0.1 mV was not as obvious as that of MR at 0.01 mV. Conclusions Blind pursuit of single high SNR is of no help to improve system performance and image reconstruction effect except increasing the difficulties in hardware design. The extremity SNR is 50-60 dB for system with MR of 0.01 mV and 60-70 dB for system with MR of 0.1 mV.