Semisupervisedmakesfulluseoflargeamountsofunlabeledsamplestomakeuptheinsufficiency of labeled samples. Since it is difficult to obtain a large number of accurate labeled samples and it is a good way for modeling by using a small amount of labeled samples or a large number of inaccurate samples, we proposed a new method named as semi-supervised partial least squares ( SS-PLS) to optimize model based on semi supervised learning. We used 211 samples of tobacco near infrared spectrum and sensory evaluation for modeling and used SS-PLS method to optimize tobacco sensory evaluation model. In the optimized model, the coefficient of determination ( R2 ) can reach up to 90%, the ratio of performance to deviation ( RPD) can reach up to 3 . 0 , and the standard error of cross validation and the standard error of prediction ( SECV and SEP) are below 1. 0. We divided the original sensory evaluation and SS-PLS optimized data into three grades of excellent, medium and poor in accordance with the fixed threshold, the result using projection model of based on principal component and Fisher criterion ( PPF ) shows that the classification of SS-PLS optimized data is better than the original sensory evaluation data. The SS-PLS method can solve the data representation problem of using small sample set for modeling and provides a new chemometrics method for near infrared spectroscopy modeling in case of obtaining a large number of accurately labeled samples is difficult.

OBJECTIVETo measure quantitatively the health costs of 380 farmer families using the pesticides and influence factors, and to provide the base for establishing the protective measures.

METHODSBased on the surveyed data of rice producers in Anhui province, a quantitative analysis of health cost of pesticide application was conducted with COI, the influence factors on farmers' pesticide application have been examined.

RESULTSThe results shown that the health cost of pesticide application was as RMB 54.44 yuans per farmer a year. The influence factors of health cost were the amount and time of pesticide application, protective facilities, pesticide label illiteracy, age, gender and education level of farmers.

CONCLUSIONThe measures of reducing the health cost for pesticide application were to train the farmers for knowledge of pesticide application and occupational safety, to provide convenient and cheap protective equipment and instructions of pesticide application and to standardize pesticide labels.

Agriculture ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; economics ; Occupational Health ; economics ; Pesticides ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of IL-10 and the methylation of its promoter in acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF).

METHODSPatients were divided into three groups: 25 with ACLF, 25 with CHB, 10 healthy controls. Respectively detect the serum level of IL-10 via ELISA, and the methylation of IL-10 promoter via MSP, to analyze the difference among the three groups.

RESULTSBoth the ACLF group and the CHB group have significant increase in serum level of IL-10 compared with the control group (P < 0.05); the ACLF group's level is higher than the CHB group, however without statistical significance (P > 0.05). The serum level of IL-10 in ACLF group has no significant relativity with ALT and HBV-DNA( r = -0.022, r = 0.033, respectively; P > 0.05); has positive relativity with TBIL and MELD ( r = 0.566, r = 0.443, respectively; P < 0.05); and negative relativity with PTA (r = -0.581, P < 0.05). The distribution of the methylation of IL-10 promoter in ACLF group is significantly different from the other two.

CONCLUSIONThe serum level of IL-10 in hepatitis patients is significantly higher and increases with the degree of liver failure. The promoter methylation may be important in the gene inactivation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver Failure, Acute ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo screen out specifically-expressed serum protein markers in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and to establish a serum protein fingerprint diagnostic model for distinguishing FAP from sporadic colorectal adenomas.

METHODSSerum samples were collected from 19 FAP cases and 16 sporadic colorectal adenomas with informed consent. Serum protein fingerprint profiles were detected by SELDI-TOF-MS with CM 10 protein chip to screen out FAP adenoma-related serum protein markers, and support vector machine (SVG) technique was used to establish the diagnostic model to distinguish FAP from sporadic colorectal adenomas.

RESULTSSix differently-expressed protein peaks (P < 0.01) were detected. Among them proteins of 5640, 3160, 4180 and 4290 m/z were highly expressed in FAP adenomas, and proteins of 3940 and 3400 m/z were highly expressed in sporadic colorectal adenomas. The accuracy of diagnostic model established with SVG to distinguish FAP adenomas and sporadic colorectal adenomas was 94.7% and 93.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSELDI-TOF-MS can be effectively used to screen out the differentially expressed serum protein markers in FAP adenomas and sporadic colorectal adenomas, and a diagnostic model build by SVG to distinguish them has been successfully established. Therefore, a useful breakthrough point for research on molecular mechanisms of FAP pathogenesis is provided.

Adenoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Array Analysis ; Proteomics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Objective To study the anatomic characteristics and clinical values of the internal auditory artery via the neuroendoscope and microscope.Methods We observed the related microdissection of the internal auditory artery of 15 cadavers through retrosigmoid approach by operative microscope and neuroendoscope,in which 3 cadavers were fresh.Results The internal auditory arteries were observed bilaterally in all specimens (100％).Among them,17 sides (56.7％,17/30) were isolated branch type,9 sides were dual trunk (30％,9/30),and 4 sides were three branches type (13.3％,4/30).The diameter of the vessel at its origin was 0.12～0.28 mm,the average caliber of IAA was 0.22±0.04 mm,the length of IAA ranged from 7.12 to 14.82 mm,and the Mean 10.18± 2.63 mm.The starting-point of IAA was quite variable,13.3％ (4/30) of the IAA origined from the inferior segment of the basilar artery,and 86.7 ％(26/30) of the IAA origined from ACIA.Among them,17 sides (65.4％,17/26) of the IAA origined from the ansa of the inferior cerebellar artery,9 sides (34.6％,9/26) of the IAA origined from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery involved in the inner ear canal.We observed that 73.3 ％(22/30) of the IAA branches were along the ventral side of the vestibulocochlear nerve;26.7 ％(8/30) of the IAA branches were above the nerves.It's easy to identify the IAA and its adjacent structures by various neuroendoscope through various anatomic fissures.Conclusion Most of internal auditory arterys were located anterior and posterior to the facial nerve,the microscope was impossible to see it directly.A thorough identification of the internal auditory artery requires theuse of both surgical microscopy and neuroendoscope.

OBJECTIVETo investigate oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with elevated serum total bilirubin (TBIL).

METHODS75 CHB patients with elevated serum TBIL were enrolled in the present study. A, B, C, D and E group were defined. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Xanthine Oxidase (XOD), Vitamin C (V(C)) and Vitamin E (V(E)) were determined. The control group contained 11 healthy donors and the carrier group contained 16 Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers.

RESULTSThe concentrations of MDA and XOD were significantly higher in each group of patients than in the control (P < 0.05), while V(C) and V(E) were significantly lower (P < 0.05). The concentration of XOD was significantly higher in the carrier group than in the control (P < 0.05), while MDA, V(C) and V(E) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The concentrations of MDA and XOD were significantly positively correlated with TBIL (r = 0.670, P < 0.01; r = 0.737, P < 0.01, respectively) in the patients, while V(C) and V(E) were significantly negatively correlated with TBIL (r = -0.463, P < 0.01; r = -0.247, P < 0.05, respectively). The concentration of MDA was significantly different among all the groups in the patients except the comparison between group A and group B. The concentration of XOD was significantly different between group A, B, C and group D, E (P < 0.05). The concentration of V(C) was significantly different between group A and group D, E and between group B, C, D and group E (P < 0.05). The concentration of V(E) was significantly different between group A, B and group E (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was a disturbance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidative ability in CHB patients with elevated serum TBIL. Oxidative stress became more serious along with the increasing of serum TBIL. In HBsAg carriers, oxidative stress level was low. The results suggest antioxidant treatment for CHB patients with elevated serum TBIL may help to improve the effect of therapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Vitamin E ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of STK15 gene amplification and overexpression to genesis and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

METHODSSTK15 gene amplification in 40 cases carcinoma tissues and normal tissues as control was detected by differential PCR approach. STK15 mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry method.

RESULTSIn 40 LSCC cases, STK15 gene amplification was found in 14 tumor tissues(35%), mRNA overexpression in 27 tumor tissues(67.5%), and protein upregulated in 29 tumor tissues(72.5%). Statistics analysis showed that STK15 gene amplification and mRNA overexpression were obviously associated to differentiation degree of LSCC, and protein overexpression was closely associated with both differentiation degree and pathological grades of LSCC.

CONCLUSIONThis research results suggest that STK15 gene amplification contributes to its mRNA and protein overexpression through affecting the exact replication of centrosome and separation of chromosomes. STK15 gene thus plays a role in LSCC oncogenesis and malignant progression.

Aurora Kinase A ; Aurora Kinases ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequency and clinical implication of JAK2 mutation in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN)and the correlation between the mutation and thrombosis.

METHODSThe clinical and laboratory data of 107 MPN patients was retrospectively analyzed. JAK2 mutation were detected with allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and sequencing. The significance of the mutation in disease diagnosis and molecular pathogenesis and the correlation between the mutation and thrombosis was analysed.

RESULTSJAK2 mutation was detected in 71 (66.4%) and thrombosis in 34 (31.8%) of the 107 MPN patients. Thrombosis occurred in 34.8% (16/46) of polycythemia vera (PV), 32.6% (14/43) of essential thrombocythemia (ET), and 22.2% (4/18) of primany myelofibrosis (PMF) patients. The difference among the 3 groups was not significant (χ(2) = 0.96, P > 0.05). The frequency of thrombosis in JAK2(+) MPN patients (82.4%, 28/34) was higher than that in JAK2(-) MPN patients (17.6%, 6/34) (χ(2) = 5.71, P < 0.05). The frequency of thrombosis in MPN patients > 60 years was higher (41.5%, 27/65) than that in patients < 60 years (16.7%, 7/42) (χ(2) = 7.28, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONJAK2 V617F mutation occurs in significant percentage of Chinese patients with MPN. Patients with JAK2 mutation and older age are more succeptible to thrombosis. JAK2 mutation screening in patients with unknown thrombosis is helpful to reveal the underlying latent-MPN.

Humans ; Mutation ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; genetics ; Neoplasms ; Thrombocythemia, Essential ; genetics ; Thrombosis

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of patients receiving stereotacticcannula placement for hypertensive intracerebral hematoma drainage and the relationship between thedrainage cannula and the cerebral angioarchitecture. Methods Sixty-three patients with hypertensiveintracerebral hematoma underwent operations for stereotactic placement of a soft tube for hematomadrainage. CT angiography and CT venography were performed prior to cannula withdrawal after thepatients' condition was stabilized or complete hematoma drainage. The relationship between the drainagecarmula, cerebral angioarchitecture and the entry route of the cannula were observed. ResultsPostoperative CT angiography and CT venography showed that the entry route of the cannula allowedsafe passage of the cannula along the cerebral arteries and veins, and the position of the cannula wasaccurate in all the patients. Satisfactory hematoma drainage and good postoperative recovery wasachieved in all the patients, and no significant injuries to the adjacent cerebral arteries or veins occurredin these cases. Conclusion Stereotactic cannula placement with the minimally invasive technique forhemotoma drainage causes minimal injury and is safe, effective, cost-effective and convenient fortreatment of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutical effects through investigating the results of multiple traumas treated by means of damage control surgery (DCS) or early total care (ETC).

METHODSThe clinical data of 90 patients with severe multiple traumas admitted from June 2001 to June 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-five patients were classified to the DCS group, 45 patients to the ETC group as a control. These severely injured patients were selected with an ISS > 25 points.

RESULTSBetween the two groups, the recovery time of clearance of lactic acid, body temperature, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of DCS group was significantly shorter than that of ETC group (P < 0.05). Incidence of complications and mortality in DCS group was significant less than that in ETC group (P < 0.05). No significant differences existed in the volume of bleeding and duration of surgery (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe concept of DCS could reduce multiple traumas patients' mortality rate and incidence of complications. The indication of DCS should be the combination of physical feature, mechanism and severity of injuries.

Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome