Objective To assess the diagnostic value of mammography,ultrasound and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) dual-head coincidence(DHC) imaging in the detection of primary breast cancer. Methods The results of 54 female patients with 57 breast lesion sites examined by mammography,ultrasound and 18F-FDG dual-head coincidence(DHC) imaging were analysed and compared with pathologic findings.The sensitivity of mammography was compared with combined mammography with ultrasound or triple-tests,and the sensitivity of 18F-FDG DHC imaging was compared with combined mammography and ultrasound. Results The individual sensitivities of mammography,ultrasound and 18F-FDG DHC imaging in the diagnosis of primary breast cancer were 89.13%,91.30% and 91.30%,respectively,those for specificities were 72.73%,72.73% and 63.64%,respectively,and those for accuracies were 85.96%,87.72% and 85.96%,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of combined mammography with ultrasound were 100%,63.64% and 92.98%,respectively,and those of triple-tests were 97.83%,81.82% and 94.74%,respectively.Combined mammography with ultrasound and triple-tests were more sensitive than mammography(P0.05).Triple-tests were more sensitive than combined mammography with ultrasound(P

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with important human diseases, including infectious mononucleosis syndrome, malignant lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanism of EBV entry into host cells remains a subject of intensive research. After decades of study, researchers have identified several key proteins and different patterns of EBV intrusion into host cells. The viral surface glycoproteins, gp350/220, gp42, gB, gH, and gL, are involved in interactions with the CR2 receptor on the surface of B lymphocytes during viral entry. However, the majority of epithelial cells lack CR2 receptor expression, which makes viral invasion much more complex than in B lymphocytes. Three different models have been proposed to explain how EBV enters epithelial cells: (1) "transfer of infection", mediated by B lymphocytes or Langerhans cells; (2) EBV utilizes its own proteins during the process of fusion with the cell membrane; and (3) progeny virions arising from EBV-infected epithelial cells cross lateral membranes into adjacent epithelial cells. This review will discuss the relevant mechanism of viral entry into B lymphocytes and epithelial cells during EBV infection.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; virology ; Epithelial Cells ; virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Internalization

To evaluate in vitro release and transdermal behaviors of Huoxue Zhitong gel, modified Franz diffusion cell methods was applied to investigate in vitro transdermal absorption of Huoxue Zhitong gel and the content of paeonolan in receptor fluid composed of PEG400%-95% ethanol-water (l:3:6)were determined by HPLC. The results were processed and different equations were fitted. The release law were in accordance with Weibull equation and the fitting equation was In[-1/(1 - Q)] = -0.790 51nt - 1.7012 (r = 0.9809). In 8 hours, cumulative release of paeonol was 85. 18% and the release rate was 2.827 µg . cm-2 h-1. Transdermal actions were consistent with zero-level model fit and the fitting equation was Q(t) = 1.7579t + 0. 7213 (r = 0.9991). In 8 hours, cumulative transdermal rate and transmission rate of paeonol was 54. 85%, 1. 820 µg . cm-2 h-1. So the Huoxue Zhitong gel had a good release and transdermal properties.
Acetophenones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; Mice ; Skin Absorption

This study was conducted to investigate the paclitaxel loaded by hydrazone bonds in poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone) micelles (mPEG-PCL-PTX) on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells and its possible mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. The cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay. Flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell cycle. The cell apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst/P staining. The expression levels of apoptotic genes expression in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The mPEG-PCL-PTX could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and promote the apoptosis. The Bax, caspase-3 protein expression were increased while Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased in A549 cells. Results showed that the polymer containing hydrazone bond is non-toxic in vitro, the mPEG-PCL-PTX micelles can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells. Key words: paclitaxel; micelle; A549 cell; proliferation; cell cycle; apoptosis
Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Micelles ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Polyesters ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe different effects of moxibustion on extracellular potassium ion in acupoint under physiological and pathological status and provide experimental evidence for exploring action mechanism of moxibustion on acupoint local.

METHODSForty female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a blank-moxibustion group, a model group and a model-moxibustion group, 10 cases in each one. The complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) was adopted to establish model of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the model group and model-moxibustion group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group while moxibustion was applied at "Zusan-li" (ST 36) for 30 min in the blank-moxibustion group and model-moxibustion group. The tissue fluid in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was collected with microdialysis and real-time analyzed by electrolytic analyzer. The change of concentration of potassium ion in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was observed.

RESULTS(1) Under physiological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank group was not changed within 150 min (P > 0.05); before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank-moxibustion group was (1.21 +/- 0.31) mmol/L, and after treatment it was gradually increased and reached its peak at (2.38 +/- 0.42) mmol/L after 60 min (P < 0.05), then it was reduced. 150 min after the treatment, concentration of potassium ion was slightly higher than that before moxibustion as well as that in the blank group. The concentration in the blank-moxibustion group at 60 min was statistically significant compared with that in the blank group (P < 0.05). (2) Under pathological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the model group was not changed within 150 min, differences of which at each time point was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion was (1.09 +/- 0.12) mmol/L in the model-moxibustion group, and it was immediately increased to (1.96 +/- 0.18) mmol/L after moxibustion. 60 min and 90 min after the moxibustion, it still maintained a higher level, which was (1.87 +/- 0.29) mmol/L and (1.59 +/- 0.16) mmol/L respectively (both P < 0.05). The differences of each time point after moxibustion in the model-moxibustion group were statistically significant compared with those in the model group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe moxibustion could increase the concentration of potassium ion in rat's acupoint local under physiological status but time of effect is short; with moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST 36) under pathological status, the concentration of local potassium ion is obviously increased and maintains for a long time.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; metabolism ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Potassium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of trascranial sonography (TCS) in measuring hyperechogenic substantia nigra ( SN) area and area ratio of SN to midbrain ( S/M) for the diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease( PD).Methods A total of 109 PD patients ( PD group) and 115 normal controls (control group) underwent TCS.The area of midbrain and SN and the area ratio of S/M were measured and compared between PD group and control group .Statistical analysis of the two parameters in predicting PD was performed with receive operating characteristic ( ROC) curves.The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter and their combination were calculated .Results The hyperechogenic SN area and S/M were (0.34 ±0.27)cm 2 and (12.15 ±4.57)%in PD group,whereas (0.14 ±0.08)cm 2 and (6.37 ±3.30)%in control group respectively .The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=82.68, 100.83,both P<0.01).ROC analysis showed that using the cut-off of 0.20 cm 2 for SN hyperechogenicity, the sensitivity and specificity were 80.40%and 74.50%.With the cut-off of 7.52%for S/M,the sensitivity and specificity were 89.10% and 63.30%.By using the combination of SN hyperechogenicity≥0.20 cm 2 and S/M>7.52%,the sensitivity was 80.4%and the specificity was 78.6%.Conclusions TCS is a fast, convenient,effective and useful tool for screening PD .The combination of the SN area and S/M provided the best diagnostic parameters.

The inclusion complex of cordycepin ( COR ) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ( HPβCD ) was prepared by the method of saturated solution. The inclusion of HPβCD with COR in aqueous solution was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, and the inclusion ratio of COR/HPβCD complex was determined with the Job plots. The COR/HPβCD complex was characterized and determined by means of 1 H NMR and 2D NMR, differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) , thermogravimetric analysis ( TG ) , X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR) and scanning electron microscope ( SEM) . The results showed that the COR/HPβCD complex ratio was 1:1 and the water solubility and stability of COR were obviously increased in the inclusion complex with HPβCD. The COR/HPβCD complex will be potentially useful for its medical application.

Adult ; Animals ; Ecthyma, Contagious ; diagnosis ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mixed infection and analyze risk factors in children with severe adenovirus pneumonia.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 756 children with adenovirus pneumonia between June 2009 and June 2011. Pathogens and risk factors were studied in 216 severe cases.

RESULTSOf the 216 severe cases, 138 (63.9%) were aged from 6 months to 2 years, and 161 (74.5%) developed the disease in the winter and spring; 177 (81.9%) were affected by 1-4 pathogens besides adenovirus, including 74 cases (34.3%) infected with one pathogen as an addition. A total of 334 pathogen strains were identified from the respiratory secretions and sera of the 216 cases. Of them, 163 (48.8%) were bacterial strains, dominated by Gram-negative bacteria (124 strains), 108 (32.3%) were viral strains, and 40 (12.0%) were fungal strains. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that congenital heart disease, congenital airway abnormalities, nutritional anemia, recurrent pulmonary infection, and surgical history were the independent risk factors for severe adenovirus pneumonia in children, with odds ratios of 3.3, 11.1, 7.2, 14.3 and 12.9 respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSevere adenovirus pneumonia is mostly seen in children aged from 6 months to 2 years and occurs frequently in the winter and spring. Many cases are also infected with other pathogens, most commonly Gram-negative bacteria. Congenital heart disease, congenital airway abnormalities, nutritional anemia, recurrent pulmonary infection and surgical history are the independent risk factors for severe adenovirus pneumonia in children.

Adenoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons

Objective To detect and analyze of residual ethanol in abandoned flaps after laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) with ethanol infiltration methods.Methods Together 20 patients (40 eyes) undergoing LASEK were recruited in the study.After infiltrated with 20％ ethanol and rinsed in equilibration solution,the corneal epithelial free flap was isolated and removed in time for sealing,and then procedures were continuously completed.Finally,observation of the skin flap production,postoperative irritation symptoms,epithelial healing,visual recovery and postoperative haze situation was performed,and then the amount of ethanol in the epithelial flap was measured.Results There was no failure in making the intact corneal flaps.The sensory score of postoperative irritation was 2.52 ± 1.46.Neonatal epithelial with 1 grade was observed in 32 eyes,2 grade in 8 eyes 5 days after surgery,while corneal haze with 0.5 grade was occurred in 3 eyes,1 grade in 2 eyes 12 weeks after surgery.There were ethanol residues in corneal epithelium in the abandoned flaps,with the amount of ethanol residues of (0.205 2 ± 0.041 0) μL in each flap.Conclusion It is found that a certain amount of ethanol residue in the corneal epithelium after LASEK with ethanol infiltration equilibration solution rinse,which may be one reason of the corneal irritation symptoms and corneal haze.