Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex is the dry bark of Cleistocalyx operculatus. It is the raw material of Compound Hibiscuse which is external sterilization antipruritic drugs. The quality standard of Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex in Guangdong Province "standard for the traditional Chinese medicine" (second volumes) only contains TLC identification. It is unable to effectively monitor and control the quality of Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex. A reversed-phase HPLC method was established for the determination of 3, 3'-O-dimethylellagic acid from Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex and the content was calculated by external standard method for the first time. Under the selected chromatographic conditions, the target components between peaks to achieve effective separation. 3,3'-O- dimethylellagic acid standard solution at the concentration of 1.00 - 25.0 mg x L(-1) showed a good linear relationship. The standard curve was Y = 77.33X + 7.904, r = 0.999 5. The average recovery was 101.0%, RSD was 1.3%. The HPLC method for the determination of 3,3'-O-dimethylellagic acid in Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex is accurate and reliable. It can provide a strong technical support for monitoring the quality of Cleistocalycis Operculati Cortex.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Syzygium ; chemistry

Purpose: Although the medical decision-making process can be overwhelming for some surrogates, there is a lack of understanding regarding their experiences. The objectives of this study were to examine the decision self-efficacy and decisional conflict experienced by surrogates in intensive care units (ICUs) when faced with the decision of whether to reintubate patients with respiratory failure after a planned extubation. In addition, predictors and mediators influencing these decision-making processes were identified. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design to investigate the decision-making processes of 174 surrogates who were faced with the decision of whether to reintubate patients with respiratory failure after a planned extubation in the internal ICU of a medical center between August 2021 and February 2022. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect data on the surrogates' background information, decision self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and positive and negative affect. The patients’ background information was also collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to model the data. Results: The mean decision self-efficacy score of the surrogates was 82.41 points, and 20.7% surrogates had decisional conflict scores exceeding 37.5 points, suggesting that they faced challenges in the decision-making process. Surrogates' employment status and negative affect significantly predicted their decision self-efficacy. In addition, patients' activities of daily living prior to hospitalization and the decision self-efficacy of the surrogate significantly predicted surrogate decisional conflict. The impact of surrogates’ negative affect on decisional conflict was fully mediated by decision self-efficacy. Conclusions Surrogate decision self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negative affect and decisional conflict. Providing clinical care interventions that focus on enhancing surrogate self-efficacy and reducing negative affect can help alleviate decisional conflict in this population.

OBJECTIVETo investigate molecular mechanisms underlying in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by Pulsatilla decoction.

METHODSWistar male rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, model + positive control group (mesalazine), traditional Chinese medicine treatment group, in addition, the Chinese medical treatment group was divided into middle and high dose group ( n = 8). Intragastric administration was used in the positive control group and traditional Chinese medicine treatment group. The expression of Smad7 and p-Smad3 in the colons were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, positive medicine and traditional Chinese medicine group, especially high-dose group, could effectively inhibit the expression of Smad7, while enhancing the p-Smad3 expression.

CONCLUSIONThe activation of TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling pathway may be the molecular mechanism underlying in the anti-inflammatory effect of inflammatory bowel disease by Pulsatilla decoction.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Pulsatilla ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad3 Protein ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Tibetan medicine Tinospora sinensis (Lour.)Merr..METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract from T.sinensis was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20,preparative HPLC column and recrystallization,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as rutin (1),quercetin (2),kaempferol (3),luteolin (4),myricetin (5),paeonol (6),N-cisferuloyltyramine (7),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (9).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

This study was aimed to investigate the clinic significance of helicobacter pylori (HP) in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The infection of HP in 92 ITP children was determined by (13) C-Urea Breath Test, the same test was also performed on 66 healthy children. The 68 children infected with HP were randomly divided into 2 groups: single drug group treated only with corticosteroid and; combined drug group treated with corticosteroid and anti-helicobacter pylori treatment. The results showed that 68 patients infected with HP were found in 92 ITP children (74.7%), 26 patients infected with HP were observed in 66 healthy children (39.4%), which was lower than that in ITP children (74.7%, P < 0.05). After anti-helicobacter pylori therapy, the total effective rate and cure rate of ITP patients increased respectively from 73.5% to 94.1%, and the total recurrence rate (17.0%) was much lower than single drug group (47.1%, P < 0.05). Otherwise, after therapy the platelet count in both two groups increased continuously, and at the same time point, the platelet count in anti-helicobacter pylori group was higher than that in the single drug group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the ITP children have a higher infection rate of HP, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Anti-helicobacter pylori therapy would help to improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the recurrence of ITP children.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Breath Tests ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; complications ; microbiology ; Treatment Outcome

The outcome and influencing factors in the reversion of impaired glucose regulation(IGR)to normal glycemia(NG)after health education for one year were analyzed by the criterion of American Diabetes Association 2003.The results showed that the improvement of glucose regulation well accorded with the improvement of insulin resistance and islet 13-cell function.Fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,triglycerides, insulin resistance and islet?-cell function were the influencing factors for the reversion of IGR to NG.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the anginal attack-relieving efficacy and safety of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KA) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSA total of 780 patients confirmatively diagnosed as CHD angina from November 2011 to December 2012 in 13 medical centers in the mainland area were assigned to 2 groups by blocked randomization, the treatment group (376 cases) and the control group (374 cases). When the angina attacked, patients in the treatment group received sublingual spray three times, 0.6 mL each time, while those in the control group sublingually dissolved Nitroglycerin Tablet (NT), 0.5 mg each tablet. The effective rate of angina relief, efficacy of electrocardiogram (ECG), and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attack were 53.72% (202/376) and 94.41% (355/376) in the treatment group, and 47.86% (179/374) and 90.64% (339/374) in the control group. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the 2 groups of 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attacks were [(-1.84%, 12.32%) and (-1.33%, 6.85%) respectively, P > 0.05]. The total improvement rates of ST-T changes in the treatment group and the control group after treatment were 74.07% and 73.13% respectively (P > 0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 9.31 (35/376 cases) in the treatment group and 22.46% (84/374 cases) in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONKA was not inferior to NT in relieving anginal attacks and improving ischemic ECG changes, and had obviously less adverse reaction.

Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oils, Volatile ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo ascertain the genetic characterization and genotype of measles viruses isolated in Shanghai region, in 2005.

METHODSMeasles virus was isolated from throat swab specimens collected from suspected measles cases and 450 bp fragment of C terminus of nucleprotein (N) gene was amplified by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis was conducted to ascertain the genotype and to compare the difference of nucleotide with other measles virus strain published in GenBank.

RESULTS4 measles viruses were isolated from 10 throat swab specimens, and the sequence analysis indicated that they belonged to H1 genotype. The homogeneity of 450 nucleotides in the C terminal of the N gene was at 98%-98.2% as compared to H1 genotype (China93-7). They differed from genotype H2 (China94-1) at 6.4%-6.9% and from genotype A (Edmonston) at 6.7%-6.9%, from measles vaccine (Shanghail91) at 7.6%-8.0%. They differed from the other measles viral strain isolated in China in 1993 - 2005 at 0.2%-3.7%. The variation within 4 isolated measles viruses was at 0.7%-1.3%.

CONCLUSIONIt was H1 genotype measles viruses,which are the native viruses in China that led to the outbreak of measles in Shanghai, in 2005.

China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Humans ; Measles ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Measles virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

This study was undertaken to observe the effect of acute stress on seizure occurrence in chronic period of epileptic model rats. Lithium-pilocarpine (LiCl-PILO)-induced epileptic rat model was constructed. At the spontaneous recurrent seizure period, acute stress stimulations such as cat's urine and foot electrical shock were applied to observe the behavioral changes and seizure occurrence. The results showed that after the cat's urine stimulation, the self-directed behaviors of the epileptic model rats decreased significantly, while the risk assessment behaviors increased significantly. The seizure occurrence, however, was not observed during the 45 min after the stimulation. Applying electrical foot shocks also did not evoke seizures in epileptic model rats. On the contrast, intra-peritoneal injection of low dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 30 mg/kg) evoked seizure more efficiently, and the duration of seizure activity was extensively prolonged in epileptic model rats than that of control rats. Taken together, these results indicate that although applying stress stimulations such as cat's urine and electrical foot shock cause several behavioral changes, they are not severe enough to evoke seizure in epileptic model rats.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Lithium Chloride ; adverse effects ; Pentylenetetrazole ; adverse effects ; Pilocarpine ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Seizures ; physiopathology ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To trace back to the influenza pandemic caused by A/H3N2 virus happened in Zhejiang province,1998.Methods The whole genome of three isolates related to Zhejiang influenza virus was amplified through RT-PCR,and the identified sequences were aligned with the sequences downloaded from GenBank of the H3N2 strains which were circulating in other regions during 1995 to 1998.The crossing HAI titers of the reference strains were measured by HAI test and antigenic ratios were calculated.Results The Phylogenetic tree,constructed based on HA sequence showed that the dominant strains A/Zhejiang/11/98 and A/Zhejiang/18/98 were significant different from the isolates circulated in other regions during 1995 to 1996 and the strains isolated in the mainland of China,in 1997.Although the A/Zhejiang/11/98 and A/Zhejiang/18/98 strains were distributed in the same cluster with A/Sydney/5/97,the two strains were closer to the epidemic strains isolated in Hong Kong and New York in the later part of 1997.Based on HAI,NA and MP genes,A/Zhejiang/18/98 seemed to be the closest one to the Hong Kong epidemic strains,and the genetic distances between A/Zhejiang/18/98 and New York strains were shorter than that with A/Sydney/5/97 based on PA,HA and NS genes.There were only 1-3 amino acid differences between A/Zhejiang/18/98 and Hong Kong or New York strains,whereas 7 amino acid differences with A/Sydney/5/97,in which three were located in the antigenic determinant regions.Data from the crossing HAI test showed that the antigenic ratio between A/Zhejiang/18/98 and A/Sydney/5/97 had reached 2.0,indicating the antigenic difference to a certain extent.Additionally,the onset of the influenza epidemic during 1997 to 1998 also suggested the possible route of transmission related to this H3N2 virus.Conclusion The influenza pandemic occurred in Zhejiang province in 1998 was possibly caused by the importation of a newly identified H3N2 influenza variant via Hong Kong and New York in late 1997.