Bio-active components from Carthamus tinctorius were separated on the basis of antioxidant capacities in vitro. The antioxidant capacity was investigated on the basis of the ability to scavenge DPPH radical, ABTS radical and reduce Fe3+ of different polar fractions. Furthermore, the chemical compounds were isolated from bio-active fraction, and were evaluated for the antioxidative effects. Five major components were isolated and identified from water extract as 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside(1), 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside-6-O-β-D-glucoside (2), 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (3), hydroxysafflor yellow A (4) and anhydrosafflor yellow B (5). By evaluating and comparing the antioxidative effects of different fractions and obtained compounds, the results showed that water extract displayed significantly high antioxidative activities and 6-hydroxykaempferol glycosides and quinochalcone C-glycosides were found as main contribution for antioxidant property.
Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Benzothiazoles ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Ferric Compounds ; metabolism ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Kaempferols ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quinones ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Sulfonic Acids ; metabolism ; Water ; chemistry

AIM: To establish an experimental model of high intraocular pressure in mice by laser photocoagulation and to prepare for future research.
METHODS: Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was induced unilaterally in 44 C57BL/6 mice. The fellow eye served as a control. TONO-PEN AVIA Tonomter was used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) to guarantee IOP value at 1, 2, 4, 8wk. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed throughout the period and the structural changes were assessed histologically. And then, their eyes were enucleated, postfixed, cryoprotected, and embedded in optimal cutting temperature medium. After hematoxylin and eosin stain ( HE stain ) , cryosections of the retina were observed under light microscope. TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) was performed on the retinal sections to determine apoptosis rate.
RESULTS: IOP of laser-treated eyes was significantly higher than that of control eyes from 1-8wk (P<0. 05). The highest IOP was 31mmHg, but only one eye. The IOP was mainly around 20mmHg. In laser-treated eyes, the angle of anterior chamber were narrow. Number of cells in the inner nuclear layer and retial gangllion cell layer was slightly lower than that in control eyes at 2wk, but by 4 and 8wk the number of cells was significantly lower than that in the control contralateral eyes.
CONCLUSION: The laser photocoagulation of limbus causes chronic elevation of IOP and this method may be a promising experimental model for the investigation of biological mechanisms of glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell damage.

Objective To investigate the personality of head nurse,and provide date for correct evaluating,training and selecting of head nurse scientifically,improving the level of nurse management and the quality of clinical care.Methods 47 head nurses were assessed in the study by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ).Results The EPQ results showed that the extroversion introversion score is significantl higher than that of norm's(P<0.01).The neuroticism(N)score is significantly lower than that of the norm' s.Both P score and L score are similar with that of the norm's.Qualifications of the head nurses in different personality traits were not different.But the n scores of different ages are different.Conclusions Most nurses are extrovert personality.Neuroticism in most head nurse was better than that of the norm,but 40-year-old nurse in the following aspects of neuroticism scores was more than younger nurse.That indicated that low-life nurse is not mature enough,and emotional control is not as good as that of high-life nurse.The guidance was required to be further strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the use of gated SPECT in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and the effects of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) on myocardial perfusion.Methods 99 Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) images were performed in 31 HOCM patients before PFSMA and in 15 patients 3-7 d after PTSMA.The images in different left ventricular segments were analysed by using scores.Results In 99Tcm-MIBI images, uptake decreased at the septal regions in 12 HOCM patients (80.0%, 12/15) after PTSMA, 18F-FDG images also showed decreased uptake at the septal regions in 5 HOCM patients (33.3%, 5/15) after PTSMA.Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI images might be an important method to evaluate PTSMA results, and 18 F-FDG images showed important value as reference.

Objective　To investigate the actions of extra cellular medium in growth and differentiation of hair follicle and to look for growth adjusting factors for dermal papilla cells (DPC). Methods　Dermal papilla cells were isolated and cultivated with two steps method and the cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining for actin. Influence was examined on the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells by chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C and heparin sulfate. Results　Two steps method of enzyme digestion for isolating and cultivating dermal papilla cells was an efficient method and large amount of dermal papilla of high purity were harvested with this method. The method is very simple and easy to manege with. Increased adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells were observed in specimen treated with chondroitin A and heparin sulfate. No significant effects was observed in the cells treated with chondroit in sulfate C. Conclusion　Some extra cellular medium can regulate the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells and therefore influence the growth and development of hair follicle.

Female ; Humans ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)/cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and H(2)S/mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

METHODSThirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 8), hypoxic group (n = 8), hypoxic + SO(2) group (n = 8) and hypoxic + hydroxamate (HDX) group (n = 8). After 21 days of experiment, the concentration and production of H(2)S in lung tissues were measured respectively for each rat. The protein expression of CSE and MPST in intima and media of small pulmonary arteries in rats was detected with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in rats of hypoxic group was increased significantly [(33.38 ± 6.32) mm Hg vs. (16.74 ± 3.81) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. Compared with hypoxic group, the mPAP in rats of hypoxic + SO(2) group was decreased significantly [(29.65 ± 2.53) mm Hg vs. (33.38 ± 6.32) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. However, compared with hypoxic group, the mPAP in rats of hypoxic + HDX group was increased significantly [(39.44 ± 6.26) mm Hg vs. (33.38 ± 6.32) mm Hg, P < 0.01]. Compared with control group, the concentration [(2.02 ± 0.43) µmol/g vs. (3.11 ± 0.42) µmol/g, P < 0.01] and production [(19.64 ± 3.48) nmol/(g·min)vs. (28.20 ± 5.95) nmol/(g·min), P < 0.05] of H(2)S were decreased significantly in rats of hypoxic group, respectively. When treated with SO(2), hypoxic rats showed an increased concentration [(2.73 ± 0.20) µmol/g vs. (2.02 ± 0.43) µmol/g, P < 0.01] and production [(26.24 ± 1.92) nmol/(g·min) vs. (19.64 ± 3.48) nmol/(g·min), P < 0.01] of H(2)S in lung tissue compared with those without receiving SO(2) treatment. When treated with HDX, hypoxic rats showed a significant decrease in concentration [(1.64 ± 0.23) µmol/g vs. (2.02 ± 0.43) µmol/g, P < 0.05] and production [(13.94 ± 3.63) nmol/(g·min) vs. (19.64 ± 3.48) nmol/(g·min), P < 0.05] of H(2)S in lung tissue compared with those without receiving HDX treatment. As for the expression of CSE in small pulmonary arteries (SPAs), compared with control group, the expression of CSE in intima [(0.31 ± 0.02) vs. (0.36 ± 0.01), P < 0.01] and media [(0.27 ± 0.01) vs. (0.30 ± 0.01), P < 0.01] in rats of hypoxic group was decreased significantly. While compared with hypoxic group, the expression of CSE in intima [(0.35 ± 0.02) vs. (0.31 ± 0.02), P < 0.01] in SPAs of hypoxic + SO(2) group was increased significantly. With HDX treatment, the expression of CSE in intima [(0.26 ± 0.01) vs. (0.31 ± 0.02), P < 0.01] in SPAs of hypoxic group was lower than that without HDX treatment. As for the expression of MPST in SPAs, compared with hypoxic group, the expression of MPST in media [(0.32 ± 0.02) vs. (0.29 ± 0.01), P < 0.01] in SPAs of hypoxic + SO(2) group was increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONSO(2) might upregulate H(2)S/CSE and H(2)S/MPST pathways in pulmonary arteries of hypoxic rats.

Animals ; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfur Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Sulfurtransferases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the antagonization of phentolamine against the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on the activity of pain-related neurons in the parafascicular nucleus of morphine-dependent rats.

METHODSElectric impulses were applied as nociceptive stimulus to the right sciatic nerve of morphine-dependent rats, and the discharges of the pain-related neurons in the parafascicular nucleus were recorded by extracellular recording method with glass microelectrodes.

RESULTSIntracerebroventricular injection of norepinephrine resulted in the inhibition of evoked response of the pain-excited neurons as well as the excitation of evoked response of the pain-inhibiting neurons. Both the inhibitory effect on the electric discharges of the pain-excited neurons and the excitatory effect on the pain-inhibiting neurons of norepinephrine were almost completely blocked by intracerebroventricular administration of phentolamine.

CONCLUSIONPhentolamine antagonizes the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine on the activity of pain-related neurons in the parafascicular nucleus in morphine-dependent rats, and norepinephrine may play an important role in the integration of the pain signal through the alpha-receptors.

Animals ; Drug Antagonism ; Electrophysiology ; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei ; cytology ; drug effects ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Norepinephrine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Phentolamine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVEHypoxic pulmonary hypertension is an important pathophysiologic process of various cardiovascular diseases. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was considered as a kind of toxic gas previously, but recent studies suggested that SO2 could act as a key bioactive molecule in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of sulfur dioxide on pulmonary vascular structure of hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive rats treated with SO2 donor substances.

METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group(n = 8), hypoxic group(n = 8) and hypoxic + SO2 group (n = 10, treated with SO2 donor Na2SO3/NaHSO3). The rats of hypoxic group and hypoxic + SO2 group were under a hypoxic condition for 21 days, while the rats of control group were exposed to room air. The mean pulmonary artery pressure was tested by means of right cardiac catheterization and the content of SO2 in plasma was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The change in relative medial thickness (RMT) of pulmonary arteries was examined under optical microscope. The ultra-structural changes were observed under a transmission electron microscope. The data were analyzed through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSCompared with control group [(2.25 +/- 0.50) kPa], the mean pulmonary artery pressure of hypoxic group [(5.12 +/- 0.51) kPa] raised significantly (t = 5.091, P < 0.01) and RMT of hypoxic group (9.66 +/- 1.27) compared with control group (6.83 +/- 1.57) significantly raised (t = 3.392, P < 0.01). Ultrastructural observation showed the proliferation and degeneration of endothelial cells in small pulmonary arteries in rats with pulmonary hypertension. The internal elastic lamina was irregular. The proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells of arteries was shown at the level of respiratory bronchioles. The collagens also increased. Meanwhile, compared with control group [(33.36 +/- 5.62) micromol/L], the content of SO2 in plasma of hypoxic group [(27.01 +/- 4.17) micromol/L] declined (t = 2.067, P < 0.05). Whereas compared with that of hypoxic group [(5.12 +/- 0.51) kPa], the mean pulmonary artery pressure of hypoxic + SO2 group [(3.94 +/- 0.33) kPa] declined (t = 2.712, P < 0.01) and RMT of hypoxic + SO2 group (6.97 +/- 1.83) decreased compared with hypoxic group (9.66 +/- 1.27) (t = 3.009, P < 0.01). Compared with those of hypoxic group, the pulmonary artery ultrastructural changes in hypoxic group ameliorated obviously after using exogenous sulfur dioxide donor. The endothelial cells became flat and the smooth muscle cells of arteries slightly enlarged and arranged regularly. At the same time, compared with hypoxic group [(27.01 +/- 4.17) micromol/L], the content of SO2 in plasma of hypoxic + SO2 group [(29.89 +/- 4.52) micromol/L] raised (t = 1.263, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSulfur dioxide plays an important role in the regulation of small pulmonary artery structural changes in hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive rats. The hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive damages can be ameliorated significantly after using exogenous SO2 donor.

Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; blood ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; blood ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfur Dioxide ; adverse effects ; blood

Animals ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; physiology ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; physiology