In educating postgraduate students in aerospace medicine in our country, there are some deficiencies such as the course content lacking forward looking and systematicness, and students' mastery of technology or skills lacking professional characteristics, innovation and divergent thinking. Based on the original foundations, the School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, has been con-structing and improving the course system by modifying the course contents, reforming the practical teach-ings, expanding the academic communications, and managing the processes. Finally, they have achieved certain results.

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic multiband mucosec-tomy(EMBM)for esophageal submucosal tumors(SMTs).Methods Data of 51 patients with SMTs diag-nosed between Jan 2012 and Aug 2014 were retrospectively studied.Of the 51 patients,33 patients(34 le-sions)received EMBMand 18 patients received endoscopic submucosal resection(ESMR).The operation success rates,complete resection rates,procedure time,complications and the follow-up of group EMBMand group ESMR were compared.Results All of 51 cases had successful endoscopic treatment with no perfora-tion,infection or obvious bleeding.Follow-up showed no recurrence after operation.Compared with group ESMR,group EMBM had higher complete resection rate [97.1% (33 /34)VS 61.1% (11 /18 ),P =0.010],shorter operation time[(6.3 ±1.8)min VS (21.4 ±3.8)min,P =0.001]and lower complication rate[6.1%(2 /33)VS 27.8%(5 /18),P =0.024].Conclusion EMBM is simple,safe and effective for treating SMTs originating from muscularis mucosa or submucosa which are less than 2.0 cm in diameter.

AIM:To explore the inhibitory effects of tumor associated mitochondrial protein 12 (TAMP12) on tumor cell apoptosis. METHODS: (1) A retrovirus expression vector was recombinated and transfected into the packaging cell line PA317. The virus particles were obtained to infect the target cell line HepG2 low expressing of TAMP12. The expression of TAMP12 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The subcellular localization and quantification of TAMP12 protein labeled with double fluorescein were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). (2) Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry (FACS) were used to analysis the apoptosis of HepG2 cells treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). RESULTS: (1) The CLSM observation showed that TAMP12 protein was mainly expressed in mitochondria of HepG2 cells. The expressions of TAMP12 gene and protein were stable and high in transfected HepG2 cells. (2) Upon treatment with 5-FU, the transfected HepG2 cells showed a fairly integrated nucelus while the control HepG2 cells exhibited chromatin condensation, marginalization and karyorhexix. Moreover, the apoptosis rate of transfeced HepG2 cells was significantly lower than that in control HepG2 cells (P

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of L-arginine supplementation on the plasma amino acid spectrum in burn patients.

METHODSTen burn patients were randomly divided into burn control (n = 5, with compound 14 amino acid injection accounting for 2% of the total caloric value), and experimental (n = 5, with intravenous injection of L-arginine which accounted for 2% of total caloric value) groups. The intake of other nutrients for these two groups of patients was the same. The nutrient regimen was begun on the 3 PBD, with one quarter of the daily supply. On 4 and 5 PBD, one half of the daily supply was given, and from 6 to 21 PBD full supplementation was given. Venous blood samples were collected on 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 PBD for the determination of plasma levels of amino acids. Ten normal volunteers served as normal control.

RESULTSThe plasma level of citrulline in both groups was significantly lower than normal value (P < 0.05) on 3 PBD before L-arginine supplementation. There was no obvious difference in plasma levels of ornithine and arginine in the two groups on 3 PBD compared with normal value (P > 0.05). The plasma level of ornithine, citrulline and arginine in burn control group declined on 3 PBD. The plasma level of arginine in experimental group on 14, 21 and 28 PBD were 280 +/- 121 micromol/L, 223 +/- 106 micromol/L and 110 +/- 44 micromol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in burn control group (124 +/- 21 micromol/L, 59 +/- 15 micromol/L, 50 +/- 26 micromol/L). The plasma level of ornithine (30 +/- 5 micromol/L) and citrulline (162 +/- 44 micromol/L) on 21 PBD in experimental group were markedly higher than those in burn control group (8 +/- 7 micromol/L, 66 +/- 4 micromol/L, P < 0.05 or 0.01). There was no difference in the plasma levels of other amino acids at all postburn time points between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe production process of L-arginine from citrulline was accelerated after burns. The plasma levels of L-arginine, ornithine and citrulline were increased markedly after L-arginine supplementation, while that of other amino acids was not influenced. The pharmacological effects of L-arginine may be related to the promotion of ornithine cycle.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acids ; blood ; Arginine ; therapeutic use ; Burns ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Wound Healing

To investigate epidemiologic feature and genetic variance of Sapovirus among children in China, fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea from Feb 2006 to Jan 2007 in nine provinces including Anhui, Fujian et al. A total of 1,110 fecal samples were detected for Sapovirus by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). Ten samples (0.9%) were positive for Sapovirus. The PCR products were then sequenced and analysed by phylogenetic tree. The results indicated that the detected Sapovirus strains were classified into two genogroups and three genotypes, including G I/1, G I/3, G II/3.
Astroviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; classification ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; virology ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sapovirus ; classification ; genetics

To observe whether bone marrow stromal cell line QXMSC1 (H-2(d)) engineered to secrete IL-3 and IL-6 can improved the hematopoiesis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) mice, the stromal cell line QXMSC1IL-3/IL-6 was established by QXMSC1 cells transduced with the recombined retrovirus vector pL3SN containing mouse IL-3 cDNA and pL6SN containing human IL-6 cDNA. The lethally irradiated C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice were engrafted with bone marrow cells (1 x 10(7) cells/mouse BALB/c mice, H-2(d)) in which T cells were depleted by anti-Thy1.2 monoclonal antibody adding complement, and QXMSC1IL-3/IL-6 cells (5 x 10(5)/mouse) were co-infused at same time. The hematopoiesis of recipient mice was observed in 20 and 40 days post-transplantation. Blood RBC and WBC were counted, and nucleated cells, CFU-S, CFU-GM, CFU-E and CFU-GEMM were assayed in recipient bone marrow. Results showed that IL-3 and IL-6 were stably expressed in QXMSCQIL-3/IL-6 cells. Compared with BMT and co-infusion with QXMSC1 or QXMSC1 pLXSN cell groups, co-graft with QXMSC1IL-3/IL-6 cells increased the number of blood RBC and WBC in the recipients, and also significantly increased nucleated cells, CFU-S, CFU-GM, CFU-E and CFU-GEMM in recipient bone marrow. It is concluded that the marrow stromal cells transduced with IL-3/IL-6 cDNA improve the hematopoiesis in allo-BMT mice. Co-graft with QXMSC1IL-3/IL-6 cells has synergistic effect in accelerating hematopoietic reconstitution.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; physiology ; Interleukin-3 ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stromal Cells ; physiology ; transplantation ; Transduction, Genetic

In order to investigate the role of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves in regulating mechanical and electrical activity of gastric circular smooth muscle, the effects of ATP and its analogues on gastric motility and electrical activities were observed in guinea-pig. In organ bath system, isometric force of the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig gastric antrum was measured. Electrical activity of the muscle was recorded by using intracellular microelectrode. Electrical and mechanical activities were recorded by chart recorder. ATP and 2-MeSATP potentiated the mechanical activity but did not affect electrical activity in gastric circular smooth muscle. ATP and 2-MeSATP-induced contraction was effectively blocked by nonselective P2y-purinoceptor antagonist, reactive-blue-2 and suramin, but ATP-induced contraction was not blocked by alpha,beta-MeATP-induced desensitization of P2x-purinoceptors. However, alpha,beta-MeATP, P2x-purinoceptor agonist, attenuated slow waves with membrane hyperpolarization and inhibited contraction. The relaxation by beta,gamma-MeATP was blocked by alpha,beta-MeATP-induced desensitization of P2x-purinoceptors. ATP-induced contraction was blocked by external calcium-free, but not by nicardipine, a L-type calcium channel blocker. Indomethacin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not block ATP-induced contraction. The results suggest that: (1) ATP- and analogues-induced contraction is mediated by P2y-purinoceptor, whereas alpha,beta-MeATP-induced relaxation by P2x-purinoceptor in guinea-pig gastric antral circular smooth muscle. (2) ATP-induced contraction is dependent on extracellular calcium, but Ca2+ entry is not mediated by L-type calcium channel. (3) Prostaglandins are not involved in ATP- and analogue-induced contraction of gastric circular smooth muscle in guinea-pigs, and alpha,beta-MeATP-induced relaxation is related to membrane hyperpolarization.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microelectrodes ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; physiology ; Purinergic Agonists ; Pyloric Antrum ; drug effects ; physiology ; Thionucleotides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiologic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Guiyang between 2008 and 2010.

METHODSThe epidemiologic characteristics of HFMD were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods based on the data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.

RESULTSA total of 27383 cases of HFMD were recorded in Guiyang between 2008 and 2010. The incidence of HFMD increased from 66.4439/100000 in 2008 to 163.9276/100000 in 2009 and 471.5515/100000 in 2010 (P<0.01). The mortality rate was 0.1026/100000 in 2010, which was significantly lower than in 2009 (0.2821/100000) (P<0.05). HFMD occurrence showed seasonality and reached a peak between April and June. HFMD cases were commonly noted in children under 5 years old, and especially in children under 3 years old. The main detected pathogen was human enterovirus 71 (EV17) in 2009. Whereas in 2010 the disease was mainly caused by CoxA16 and other intestinal viruses.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of HFMD in Guiyang increased year by year from 2008 to 2010, but the mortality rate decreased year by year. HFMD occurrence showed an obvious seasonality. HFMD was common in children under the age of five. The main pathogens of this disease included EV17, CoxA16 and other intestinal viruses.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; isolation & purification ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the myelo-protection effect of mdr1 transfected cord blood cells (CBMNCs) graft against high-dose homoharringtonine leukemia-bearing severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice model.

METHODSMultidrug resistant (mdr1)gene was transferred into CBMNCs by a retrovirus vector, containing full-length cDNA of human mdr1 gene. CBMNCs and high-titer retrovirus supernatant were cocultured with cytokine combinations for 5 - 6 days. The SCID mouse models bearing human HL-60 cell leukemia were divided into three groups. Group A received tail vein injection of 2 x 10(6) mdr1 gene transduced CBMNCs at day 1 and 3, groups B and C 2 x 10(6) un-transduced CBMNCs and same volume of normal saline, respectively. The 3 groups of the mouse model were treated with weekly escalated doses of homoharringtonine. The peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts, the human leukemia cells percentage in peripheral blood, the histological findings of main organs were assayed. The CD33 positive HL-60 cells in bone marrow were determined by flow cytometry. The function and expression of mdr1 gene were examined by PCR, immunochemistry (IC) and DNR extrusion test in vivo.

RESULTS(1) mdr1 gene was transferred into CBMNCs successfully and the transfection frequency was 30%. (2) Leukemia SCID mice were xenotransplanted with mdr1-transfected BMMNCs by a programmed procedure and could be used as a valuable model for in vivo evaluating myelo-protection effects. (3) The transfected mice could tolerate homoharringtonine 5 approximately 6 folds higher than conventional dose and kept peripheral WBC count at a mean of 3 x 10(9)/L, with the peripheral human myeloid leukemia cells percentage decreasing to less than 5%. Histological examination showed that there was no leukemia infiltration in the main organs, the CD33 positive HL-60 cells in bone marrow were less than 5%. (4) The repopulation frequency of the transfected CBMNs in marrow were 9.13%. DNR extrusion test confirmed that the P-gp product maintained its biological function in the marrow.

CONCLUSIONmdr1 transferred-human CBMNC can xenotransplanted and repopulated in leukemia-bearing SCID mouse and are protected from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Genetic Vectors ; HL-60 Cells ; Harringtonines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; metabolism ; transplantation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Random Allocation ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; Transfection ; Treatment Outcome ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of electroacupuncture compound anesthesia in radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic inferior turbinate.

METHODSThe patients confirmed to the enrolled criteria were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 31) and a control group (n = 30). The observation group was treated with electroacupuncture at Sibai (ST 2), Xiaguan (ST 7), Hegu (LI 4) and Zhigou (TE 6) on the left side and routine local anesthesia on the right side. The control group was treated with routine local anesthesia on the both side. The feelings of pain, circulatory index and operation effect were observed and compared.

RESULTSDuring radiofrequency ablation, the pain grade of two measurements on the left side and the 2nd measurement on the right in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). In the observation group, the pain grades on the left side were lower than that on the right side (P<0.05), and the systolic blood pressure and the heart rate were lower than that in the control group when undergoing the 2nd radiofrequency ablation on the right side and on the left side, respectively (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in operation effect between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture compound anesthesia can meet the analgesia requirement of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of hypertrophic inferior turbinate, and would be helpful to prevent cyclic fluctuation during the operation at the same time.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Catheter Ablation ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Turbinates ; surgery ; Young Adult