Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Mice

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of flushing dental handpieces to prevent suction-induced contamination and to lower the bacterial level in dental unit waterlines,and then to analyze the time-effect relationship of flushing.METHODS Twelve BienAir handpieces(group A) and 12 W&H TA-96 handpieces(group B) were employed in this study.The water samples from each handpiece′s outlet were immediately taken once when operations of de-caries,cavity-preparing and dental-drilling had been completed,and then taken once per 0.5 min while the handpieces were being flushed by running without work for 4 min.The bacterial colony formation of these water samples was counted on R2A agar plates.Colony forming units vs flushing time were then compared.RESULTS Alike in groups A and B,water bacterial levels were lowered the most significantly while flushing the handpieces for 0.5 min.BienAir or W&H TA-96 handpieces still showed decreased levels of water bacteria when being flushed for 3 or 2.5 min respectively.Afterwards,the flushing effect reached to a platform,that was,more flushing time didn′t bring the bacterial level down further.CONCLUSIONS Flushing handpieces by running without work can significantly reduce the level of bacterial contamination in the waterlines.Different types of handpieces may have different flushing time at which the most effect is reached.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Female ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the role of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluating and guiding radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its feeding vessels. Methods From January 2006 to June 2007, 71 patients with 75 hypervascular HCC in Peking University Cancer Hospital who underwent RFA were included in the study. The diagnosis was conifrmed by ultrasound guided biopsy for all patients. These patients were not suitable for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or had poor responds to TACE. They were divided into two groups, which included group percutaneous artery ablation (PAA) combining RFA and group RFA. There were 38 patients with 39 HCC in group PAA combining RFA and CEUS were used to identify the range of HCC inifltration. Firstly, PAA of the feeding vessels was conducted under the guidance of color doplor lfow imaging (CDFI). Then CEUS was performed to evaluate HCC perfusion after blocking the feeding vessels. Finally, the rest of the tumor was ablated by RFA. In group RFA, there were 33 patients with 36 HCC, who did not undertake PAA before RFA. Generally, the RFA was planned based on tumor size and location, and the ablation started with deep part of HCC or portion close to nearby organs. Contrast CT was used as a post-RFA imaging for follow-up at 1, 3 and 6 months post-RFA. T test was used to compare the difference in focal lesions number between two groups, andχ2 tests were used to compare the difference in necrosis rate between two groups after treatment. Results In group PAA combining RFA, post-PAA CEUS showed intratumor perfusion decreased more than 70%in 31 HCC (79.5%, 31/39). Of them, 13 HCC (33.3%, 13/39) showed complete perfusion defect with clear margin, called“solar eclipse sign”. The rest 8 HCC (20.5%, 8/39) showed 40%-70%of perfusion defect. In group PAA combining RFA, CDFI showed 35 (83.3%, 35/42) feeding vessels were blocked, and 3 vessels (7.1%, 3/42) showed signiifcant decreased lfow signal after PAA. There were average 3.18±1.42 ablations per HCC in group PAA combining RFA, and 4.32±1.56 in group RFA. The number of ablations per HCC in group PAA combining RFA was signiifcantly less than group RFA (t=2.524, P=0.015). The tumor necrosis rate at 1 month post-RFA in group PAA (92.3%, 36/39) combining RFA was signiifcantly higher than that of group RFA (66.7%, 24/35) (χ2=8.264, P=0.001). Conclusions With CEUS, PAA can effectively block the feeding vessels of HCC, enhance ablated necrosis in the tumor and signiifcantly increase necrosis rate post-RFA for large hypervascular HCC. CEUS-assisted PAA can improve efifciency of RFA with less ablation number and better result.

Objective To choose zebrafish as the experimental animal model for studying the spatiotemporal expression rule of rap1 gen in zebrafish embryo early development process .Methods The Rap1 gene fragment was cloned from the zebrafish emby‐oscDNA ,then the Rap1 gene fragment and pCS2+ plasmid were performed the in vitro connetion and recombination was extracted , the combinant plasmid was correct after the double enzyme digestion ,colony PCR and sequencing identification .T3 RNA polymer‐ase in vitro transcription system was used to obtain the digoxin (DIG)‐labeled anti‐sense mRNA probe of Rap1 gene .The whole mount in situ hybridization method was adopted to detect the Rap1 expression in zebrafish embryo early development process . Results The positive hybridization signal of Rap1 gene was detected at the cell division junction region of 0 .75 hpf ,animal pole of 3 .70 hpf and 6 .00 hpf ,and notochord of 12 .00 -72 .00 hpf .Conclusion Rap1 gene might be involved in the early development process of notochord nervous system in zebrafish .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of double-balloon enteroscopy in small bowel Crohn’s disease. Methods In sixty five patients with suspected small bowel Crohn's disease double-balloon enteroscopy were performed, and some of them received enteroscopy and enteroclysis, capsule endoscopy as well.Results The first enteroscopy was performed via mouth in 20 of 65 cases, and the lesions were detected in 11 cases (55%), 5 of 9 cases(55.6%) had lesions detected in enteroscopy via anus while nothing was found in mouth route. Among 45 cases examed by enteroscopy firstly via anus, 34 cases had lesions detected (75.6%), 8 of 11 cases(72.7%) had lesions found in following exam via mouth. Totally 58of 65 had lesions detected through enterosocpy examination, the overall diagnostic yield was 89.2%. Twenty four of 46 cases had positive findings with enteroclysis. The diagnosis of Crohn's disease was comfirmed in 14 of 22 patients(63.6%) underwent capsule endoscoy. The diagnosis was finally confirmed by enteroscopy only in 11 patients(78.6%).Conclusion The entire small intestine could be examined by enteroscopy with combination of mouth and anus route. Double-balloon enteroscopy was an ideal diagnostic modality for small bowel Crohn's diseases, which was also valuable in assessment on extent and severity of the disease. Small bowel enteroclysis was a useful screening alternative for selecting procedure route in DBE.

The chemical constituents from Euphorbia lunulata was investigated in this paper. Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and NMR data analysis as lupeol (1), euphol (2), cassipourol(3) , 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta-ol (4), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3beta-ol (5), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (6), betulin (7), uvaol (8), (23E) -25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (9), (23E) -cycloart-23,25-dien-3beta-ol (10), 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta, 28-diol (11), salicinolide (12), 2alpha, 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha, 15beta-pentaacetoxy-11,12-epoxy-7beta, 8alpha-diisobutyryloxyjatropha-6 (17) -en-14-one (13) and 3beta, 5alpha, 15beta-triacetoxy-7beta-isobutyryloxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxyjatropha-6 (17), 11(E)-dien-14-one (14). Among them, compounds 1-11 were isolated from E. lunulata for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Stereoisomerism

Objective To optimize the prescription of flaxseed lignans sustained release tables by central composite design-response surface methodology.MethodsWith HPMC, EC and starch dosage as factors, and flaxseed lignans in 2, 6 and 12 h of cumulative release as evaluation indexes, central composite design-response surface optimization method was used to conduct prescription optimization experiments, and optimized prescription analysis was carried out.Results The optimal prescription of flaxseed lignans sustained release tables was as following: HPMC dosage was 43%; EC was 26%; starch content was 17%. Optimized index forecast values were very close to the observed values. In vitro release test of three selected optimal formulations indicated that there existed high approximation between the observed and estimated values.Conclusion It shows that the established model is suitable for flaxseed lignans sustained release tables, which can be used in the optimization of the prescription of flaxseed lignans sustained release tables.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the unilateral and bilateral drainage in hilar malignant biliary obstruction with a meta?analysis of relevant studies. Methods A systematic electronic search with keywords “ biliary stent”, “hilar tumor” and “malignant biliary obstruction” was independently performed by two reviewers in major electronic databases of Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A meta?analysis was conducted using Revman 5?? 1 software. Results Six studies were included with a total number of 558 patients, of whom 307 patients underwent unilateral biliary drainage and 251 pa?tients bilateral drainage. There was no significant difference in early complications ( OR = 1?? 03,95% CI:0?? 58?1?? 81,P = 0?? 93), later complications (OR = 0?? 98,95%CI:0?? 46?2?? 07,P = 0?? 95), operation success rate (OR= 1?? 42,95%CI:0?? 76?2?? 66,P = 0?? 28),drainage efficacy or median survival time between the two groups. Compared with unilateral biliary drainage, bilateral biliary drainage had a longer time of stent patency (MD = - 29?? 12,95% CI:- 38?? 55?- 19?? 70,P< 0?? 001). Conclusion Both unilateral and bilateral biliary drainage are safe and effective for hilar malignant biliary obstruction, but more high quality clinical researches are needed.