AIM:To investigate the apoptotic pathway of MCF-7 breast cancer induced by the grub extract in vitro.METHODS:MTT assay was used to determine the effect of the grub extract on proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and cell toxicity.Morphological changes of the apoptosis in cancer cells were observed by HE staining through invert microscope,light microscope,AO/EB double fluorescent staining under fluorescent microscope.FCM was used to assay the change of apoptotic rate.The expression of Bcl-2,Fas,caspase-9,caspase-3 in apoptotic pathway was detected with immunocytochemical method before and after exposure to the grub extract,and the effect of that on apoptotic pathway was explored.RESULTS:(1)The MTT test showed that the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was significantly inhibited by the grub extract in dose and time dependent manners.The inhibitory rate in exposure group was significantly different from that in control group(P

Chordoma ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Nose Neoplasms

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of high-density micropulse photocoagulation (HD-SDM) combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods Thirty-one patients (31 eyes) with DME were randomly divided into two groups.Group A (15 eyes) received HD-SDM combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.Group B (16 eyes) only received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) of the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed,and the annual injection times of the two groups were compared.Results The average annual injection times was 3.67 ± 1.11 in group A,and 9.12 ±2.63 in group B.The difference was significant between the two groups (t =2.05,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in CMT before and after treatment in both groups (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups(t =1.19,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in BCVA before and after treatment in both groups (all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference before and after treatment between the two groups(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Both HD-SDM combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and single intravitreal injection of ranlbizumab are effective for DME,but the combining treatment can remarkably decrease the annual injection times and had a good compliance of patients,is a good choice for DME patients.

Objective To observe the effects of exercise on serum adiponectin and adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) level in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant rats. Methods A total of 30 healthy male rats were randomly divided into a control group ( NC, n = 8) and a high-fat group ( HF, n = 22), fed with normal chow and high fat diet, respectively. Eighteen weeks later, the high-fat group was randomly divided into a high-fat diet control group (HC, n = 10) and an exercise group (HE, n = 12). The HC and HE group were continually fed with high fat diet, while the HE group was administered with swimming training for 6 weeks in addition at the same time. After 24 weeks, the insulin sensitivity index was calculated, and serum adiponectin level was detected by using ELISA. The expressions of AdipoR mRNA in skeletal muscle were detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results After 18 weeks, compared to NC group, the insulin sensitivity index of HF group decreased significantly. It suggested that insulin resistance appeared in HF group. Twenty-four weeks later, compared to NC group, the ISI of HC group was significantly decreased, meanwhile the level of serum adiponectin, expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA in skeletal muscle of HC group were 71.9% , 59.9% and 69.2% of those of the NC group, respectively; compared to HC group, the ISI was increased significantly by exercise, meanwhile the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA in skeletal muscle was significantly increased by 1.33 times, however the level of serum adiponectin and the expression of AdipoR2 mRNA in skeletal muscle were not altered in HE group. Conclusion Six weeks of exercise improves insulin sensitivity through increasing the expression of AdipoRI mRNA in skeletal muscle.

Background and purpose:Radical nephroureterectomy can be performed in a variety of ways, and each method has its advantages and disadvantages. It still remains controversial for choosing the surgical methods. In this study, we chose six surgical methods and investigated the safety and efficacy of different methods in treating upper urinary tract carcinoma.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 135 patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma who underwent operations in our hospital from Jan. 2002 to Oct. 2013, and compared the data of six different operations in-cluding operating time, volume of bleeding, time of bowel function recovery and incidence of bladder carcinomas.Results:The operations were successfully completed in groups A and B. Five cases in group C were transferred into group A be-cause of failing to pull the nub of the ureter. Two cases in group D were transferred into group A because of failing to pull the nub of the ureter. Three cases in group E were transferred into group D and 1 case was transferred into group A because of adhesion or bleeding. One case in group F was transferred into group A because of bleeding. There was no statistically significant difference in survival rates among six operations.Conclusion:Six operations are all safe and effective for the treatment of upper urinary tract carcinomas. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. We should choose differ-ent methods according to particular cases.

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) of breast.Methods 73 cases of breast SPC with or without invasive carcinoma were collected, and the clinical data and histopathologic features were analyzed with further investigation of transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method). Selected antibodies included cytokeratin (CK), myoepithelial markers, neuroendocrine markers, proliferation marker Ki-67 and ER,PR,c-erbB-2,etc.Results All the patients were females with mean age of 64.7 years.The presenting symptoms were either a palpable breast mass or nipple discharge.Metastasis was observed in 43 cases who had undergone axillary lymph node dissection. Histologically, the tumor displayed a solid-papillary growth pattern, with mucin production demonstrated in 25 cases. Intraductal papilloma was not uncommon at the peripheral area of the tumor. The tumor cells were polygonal, oval, spindled or signet ring-like and contained abundant eosinophilic to granular cytoplasm and mildly to moderately pleomorphic nuclei. More than 5 mitotic figures/10 HPF were observed in 51 cases. 43 cases contained foci of invasive carcinoma which showed similar cytologic features as those of in-situ component. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were negative for basal cell cytokeratin; positivity for smooth muscle actin-alpha and p63 were demonstrated in the myoepithelial layers of fibrovascular cores, as well as around the expanded ductolobular units.Most cases also showed cytoplasmic positivity for chromogranin A (89.0%), synaptophysin (86.3%) and neuron-specific enolase (95.9%).The proliferatiing index, as highlighted by Ki-67 imnunostaining, was 9.2%.The tumor mainly expressed estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The staining for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was negative in the most cases. Neuroendocrine granules were seen under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm.Conclusions SPC represents a subgroup of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.SPC predilection in older women is associated with mucinous and neuroendocrine components. Follow-up data suggest that SPC has a good prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of flushing dental handpieces to prevent suction-induced contamination and to lower the bacterial level in dental unit waterlines,and then to analyze the time-effect relationship of flushing.METHODS Twelve BienAir handpieces(group A) and 12 W&H TA-96 handpieces(group B) were employed in this study.The water samples from each handpiece′s outlet were immediately taken once when operations of de-caries,cavity-preparing and dental-drilling had been completed,and then taken once per 0.5 min while the handpieces were being flushed by running without work for 4 min.The bacterial colony formation of these water samples was counted on R2A agar plates.Colony forming units vs flushing time were then compared.RESULTS Alike in groups A and B,water bacterial levels were lowered the most significantly while flushing the handpieces for 0.5 min.BienAir or W&H TA-96 handpieces still showed decreased levels of water bacteria when being flushed for 3 or 2.5 min respectively.Afterwards,the flushing effect reached to a platform,that was,more flushing time didn′t bring the bacterial level down further.CONCLUSIONS Flushing handpieces by running without work can significantly reduce the level of bacterial contamination in the waterlines.Different types of handpieces may have different flushing time at which the most effect is reached.

Objective To observe the metabolism and distribution of arsenic in liver and brain of offspring rata by exposure to arsenic of pregnant rats or lactation dams and weaned pups,and explore if arsenic could penetrate the placental barrier,lactation barrier and blood brain barrier. Methods The Wistar female rots were randomly divided into four groups according to body weights,12 in each group,and were fed with drinking water that contained arsenic(NaAsO_2) 0,10,50,100 mg/L beginning from the gestafional day 6 until pups 42 days old. Pups were separately sacrificed on postnatal day(PND) 0,15,28,42. Arsenic in liver and brain of offspring rots and in breast milk was examined by atomic absorption speetrophotometer with an arsenic speeiation pretreatment system. Results Concentration of iAs,MMA,DMA of brain in 50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[0,0,0,(7.3±6.6),0,(44.2±27.4)ng/g]on PND 0,42[iAs: (120.0±46.0),(195.5±125.3),(216.5±278.4),(176.6±151.8) ng/g; M MA: (47.2±18.1),(199.6±389.1),(47.4±55.2),(82.7±79.2) ng/g; DMA: (984.3±377.4),(2222.1±1433.2),(998.1±368.3),(1781.3±715.7)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of DMA of brain in 50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(13.9±18.1),(50.6±98.3)ng/g]on PND 15,28 [(270.3±73.1),(323.9±72.7),(758.7±245.9),(1020.6±383.6) ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of iAs,DMA of liver in 10,50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group [(1.4±3.5),(49.7± 47.1),0,(100.4±30.2)ng/g]on PND 28,42 [iAs: (37.5±28.1),(268.8±246.4),(307.2±339.9),(15.4±9.4),(479.1±161.1),(408.4±51.9)ng/g;DMA: (594.5±148.8),(3181.9±519.0),(4834.2±2568.4),(1061.8± 85.2),(3697.1±553.7),(4120.0±732.8) ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of DMA of liver in 10,50,100 mg/L groups were higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(13.2±20.5)ng/g]on PND 15[(182.0±60,2),(637.6±90.0),(1458.7±196.3)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. Concentration of arsenicals of liver and brain showed a dose-dependent increase. The concentrations of DMA of breast milk in 50,100 mg/L groups were also higher than that of 0 mg/L group[(9.8±13.4),0 ng/g]on PND 0,15 [(182.3±85.9),(372.2±203.9),(124.2±33.1),(244.4±196.5)ng/g,all P < 0.05]. In the analysis of the change of arsenic on different postnatal day,we found the concentration of iAs,MMA,DMA,TMA in liver and brain of pups all decreased on postnatal day 15,and was lower than that on PND 0,28 and 42. Conclusions The distribution of arsenic and methyl-metabolism in liver and brain of pups is related with arsenic exposure dose. Arsenic can penetrate the placenta and blood brain barrier easily and lactation can hinder arsenic intake in some extent.

Objective To explore the effects of vinblastine on abcb4 tumor resistance gene expression in early development zebrafish and lay an important foundation for multi-drug resistant antineoplastic screening in zebrafish model.Methods Zebrafish embryos of 0.5~1.5 hours post-fertilization were exposured to different concentrations of vinblastine, and then calculated the IC50 of vinblastine.Zebrafish embryos of 0.5~1.5 hours post-fertilization were treated with different concentrations of vinblastine and embryo culture medium respectively, and then observed zebrafish embryo development in 24~120 hours post-fertilization and recorded the number of death, hatch and malformation.Evaluating the impact of vinblastine on abcb4 gene expression in zebrafish with quantitative real-time PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization by collecting zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrationsof vinblastine.Results Vinblastine IC50 in zebrafish embryos was 3.08 μmol/L.The mRNA level of abcb4 gene in vinblastine treated embryos was significantly increased compared to blank control group.Moreover, abcb4 gene positive hybridization signals were found in the small intestine of zebrafish embryos after 120 hours post-fertilization and also found in the brain and heart of zebrafish embryos by the method of whole-mount in situ hybridization.Conclusions Vinblastine can significantly increase the expression level of abcb4 tumor resistancegene in early development zebrafish embryos, which indicates that zebrafish can be used as a tumor resistant drug screening model.

Objective To evaluate the effects of reserved jejunal feeding tube during postoperative chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Methods Forty-two patients with gastric cancer underwent radical gastrectomy and going to adjuvant chemotherapy,conventional placed jejunal feeding tube. All of the patients weredivided into group A and group B randomly by pathological staging and tumor site, group A reserved jejunal feeding tube and received enteral nutrition through the tube during chemotherapy, and group B non-reservedjejunal feeding tube and been given daily diet,compared nutrition and immune indicators of two groups beforeand after chemotherapy ,compared the rate of vomiting,and observed complications long-term reserved jejunal feeding tube. Results In post-chemotherapy,nutrition and immune indicators of group A were betterthan those of group B, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05) ,the rate of vomiting in group Awas significantly lower than that of in group B (X2= 9.75, P＜0.01 ), no serious complieations occurred forlong-term reserved jejunal feeding tube. Conclusions Reserved jejunal feeding tube and received enteralnutrition through the tube during postoperative chemotherapy of gastric cancer can significantly improve the nutritional and immune status. It is safe and reliable, worth promoting.