Objective To investigate the CT,MRI features and differential diagnosis of central nervous system primitive neuroec-todermal tumors (cPNET).Methods The CT and MRI findings of 1 5 cases with cPNET proved by pathology were analyzed retro-spectively,and we summarized the imaging features and differential diagnosis.Results For this group,the average age was (8.82± 2.53)and the male to female ratio was 9 ︰6.All lesions located in supratentorial region,which had relatively large volume (average diameter of 6.3 cm),cystic necrosis (12/15),and no or mild peritumoral edema.cPNET showed isodensity,slight hyperdensity or slight hypodensity on CT plain scan,and demonstrated uniform or inhomogeneous enhancement.On MRI plain scan,solid part showed isointensity or slight hypointensity signal on T1 WI,isointensity or slight hyperintensity signal on T2 WI,hyperintensity sig-nal on DWI(12/15),isointensity(9/15)or slightly hyperintensity signal on FLAIR,and showed obvious uniform,honeycombed or irregular enhancement after enhanced scan,no enhancement in cystic necrosis.Conclusion cPNET have certain characteristics,inclu-ding the lower onset age,relatively large volume with well-defined edge and no or mild peritumoral edema,hyperintensity signal on DWI,isointensity signal on FLAIR.

Adult ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; pathology ; therapy

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacies of fire acupuncture in treat various types of acne. Methods: An open test was designed. One thousand and eighty-six patients who visited for clinical service were collected as a sample. Results: The cure and marked effective rate was 78.5% for lung heat type, 80.8% for heat toxin type, 77.4% for disharmony of the Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels type and 80.1% for blood stasis and phlegm accumulation type. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in therapeutic effect between different types (P>0.05). Conclusion: Fire acupuncture has an exact therapeutic effect on various types of acne without toxic side effects.

Objective To evaluate the imaging feature of microcarcinoma of thyroid with CT.Methods CT findings of 50 lesions in 47 patients with microcarcinoma of thyroid ( dimeter,0.5 to 1.0 cm) were retrospectively analyzed.All of the patients had pathological diagnosis.Results Of the 50 lesions,38 lesions showed homogeneous low density on non-enhanced CT and various degree of enhancement on postcontrast CT. Thirty-three lesions showed discontinuous edge of the thyroids on non-enhanced CT. The boundary of 30 lesions became unclear on post-contrast CT relative to non-enhanced CT and the extension of low density of lesions decreased. Theshape of 31 lesions were irregular. Fifteen lesions showed calcifications,with granular calcifications in 13 lesions.Ten lesions were complicated with thyroiditis.Conclusions Irregular shape,discontinuous edge of the thyroids,the shrinkage of low density of lesions on post-contrast CT relative to non-enhanced CT,granular calcifications and multiple small lymph node around lesions indicate the diagnosis of microcarcinoma of the thyroid.It should be noted that thyroiditis can cover up microcarcinoma of thyroid.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of clonorchiasis of hospital patients in Heilongjiang Province,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control and prevention strategies. Methods A total of 2 359 suspected patients from human parasitic disease research institute of Harbin medical university were investigated. Total?ly 6 718 stool samples and 2 359 serum samples were tested by Kato?Katz technique and the enzyme linked immune method re?spectively. Meanwhile,the information of the patients was collected by questionnaires. Results Totally 513 suspected patients were infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The infection rate of the suspected patients was higher in the ≥29 group(P<0.05), and the infection rate and positive rate of blood tests of the rural suspected patients were both higher than those of the urban sus?pected patients(both P<0.05). The habit of eating raw fish and shrimp was the risk factor of clonorchiasis. Conclusion Clo?norchiasis is one of the main food?borne parasitic diseases in Heilongjiang Province. The habit of eating raw fish and shrimp is the risk factor of clonorchiasis.

Three human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) genes and proteins, named LRIG1-3, has been previously characterized and it was proposed that they may act as suppressors of tumor growth. The LRIG1 protein can inhibit the growth of tumors of glial cells and the down-regulation of the LRIG1 gene may be involved in the development and progression of the tumor. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a recently developed technique for quantitative assessment of specific RNA levels. In the current study, it was demonstrated that LRIG1-3 and EGFR mRNA was detected in human pituitary adenoma cell lines and a normal pituitary sample, with differences in the expression levels. Compared to the normal pituitary samples, the expression of LRIG1-3 in HP75 cell line was lower, but the expression of EGFR in HP75 cell line was higher. The results are consistent with LRIG1-3 being tumour suppressor genes, and LRIG genes decreasing the expression of EGFR. The ratio of EGFR/LRIG1 was increased at least 13-fold in HP75 cells compared with the normal pituitary cells, which was also the case for the ratio of EGFR/LRIG2 (14-fold increase in HP75) and EGFR/LRIG3 (11-fold increase in HP75). Further studies were needed to elucidate the explicit role of LRIG genes as negative regulators of oncogenesis in human pituitary adenoma.

Objective To study the temporal changes of alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells and surfactant pro-tein A in young rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaecharide. Method Totally 110 SD young rats (male:53, female : 57) were randomly divided into ALI and normal control groups (six subgroups in each group).LPS(4 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally in ALI group. The same amount of normal saline was given in the con-trol groups. Eight rats in each subgroup were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after the injection.Lung samples were taken for transmission electron microscope examination. RT-PCR was epmloyed for the mea-surement of SP-A mRNA. Western blot was used for the detection of SP-A in the lung tissue. ANOVA and homo-geneity of variance test were performed by SPSS 12.0. Results The microvilli disappeared at 24 hours after the injection of LPS. The number of lamellar body (LBs) was provisionality increased at 24 hours and 48 hours. The ring-like an'angement of LBs around nucleus and the giant LB with vacuole-like deformity were found as the main characteristics of AEC- Ⅱ in ALI at 48 hours. The number of LBs reduced and broken and residual LB remained at 72 hours. SP-A elevated greatly from 24 to 48 hours (P < 0.01), reached peak at 36 hours (6.94 ± 0.80, P <0.01),reached the lowest level(3.87 ±0.50, P <0.01)at 72 hours. Conclusions The pathological changes of AEC-Ⅱ and SP-A in lung tissue wiht ALI are time-dependent. The typical alterations of AEC- Ⅱ occurs at 48 hours accompanied by the compensatory increase of SP-A. AEC- Ⅱ is seriously injuried with the typical changes of LBs and the diminishing of SP-A in lung tissue.

In order to assess the effect of long-term versus short-term intravesical chemotherapy in preventing the recurrence of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, we searched several databases with words as mesh terms and free text words to find all eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for the comparison of the two strategies of instillation durations. "Observed-Expected events research (O-E)" and "Variance (V)" for calculating hazard ratio (HR) were used in Revman 5.2 software recommended by Cochrane Collabration for data analysis. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were selected to minish heterogeneity. GRADEpro 3.6 profile recommended by Cochrane Collabration was employed for quality assessment of analyses. Finally, 13 eligible RCTs with 4216 patients were included in this review and 16 comparisons from 13 trials were involved for analysis. The pooled analysis revealed no significant difference between long-term and short-term duration [HR=0.99, 95% CI (0.89, 1.11), P=0.89]. Within the subgroup analysis, patients benefited from long-term instillations with a start regimen of one immediate instillation [HR=0.83, 95% CI (0.69, 1.00), P=0.05]. But patients were not suitable to receive long-term instillations with epirubicin (EPI) [HR=1.01, 95% CI (0.91, 1.13), P=0.78]. The progression rate was not reduced after long-term instillations [HR=0.96, 95% CI (0.66, 1.39), P=0.82]. From our results, patients should not receive introvesical chemotherapy more than half a year. In contrast, patients with one immediate instillation are preferred to have a long-term duration at least one year. Long-term instillations can not reduce the progression rate.

Objective To evaluate the value of annular calcification in CT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis for benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods CT findings of 67 nodules in 67 patients pathologically diagnosed with annular calcifications were retrospectively analyzed to identify 49 benign nodules and 18 malignant nodules.The interior or boundaries of annular calcification before and after contrast-enhancement were compared,and the degree of enhancements of both interior annular calcification and thyroid tissues were observed.After contrast-enhancement,the numbers of lesions showing clearer boundaries and higher degree of enhancement were summarized.Statistic analysis was conducted by using x2 test.Results Among 67 nodules with annular calcifications,clearer boundaries after contrast-enhancement were observed in 61.2％ (30/49) benign nodules and 16.7％ (3/18) malignant nodules,showing significant statistical difference (x2 =10.457,P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of clearer edge after contrast-enhancement for benign nodules were 61.2％ (30/49) and 83.3％ (15/18) respectively.Higher degree of enhancement were observed in 16.3％ (8/49) in benign nodules and 0(0/18) malignant nodules,showing no significant statistical difference (x2 =3.337,P ＞ 0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of higher degree of enhancement for benign nodules were 16.3％ (8/49) and 100.0％ (18/18) respectively.The combination of clearer boundaries and higher degree of enhancement after contrast-enhancement was observed in 77.6％ (38/49) benign nodules and 16.7％ (3/18) malignant nodules,showing significant statistical difference (x2 =20.549,P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the sensitivity and specificity of such combination for benign nodules were 77.6％ (38/49) and 83.3％ (15/18) respectively.Conclusions CT is important in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules with annular calcification.Clearer boundary after contrast-enhancement and its combination with higher degree of enhancement are helpful for the diagnosis of benign nodules.Boundaries that similar to or more obscure than that of plain scan indicate malignant nodules.

Objective To summary the clinical data of pediatric renal transplantation from multiple renal transplant centers in China,and analyze the factors influencing the therapeutic outcomes of pediatric renal transplantation.Methods From March 1986 to May 2010,the clinical data of 138 children who underwent renal transplantation in eight centers of renal transplantation in China were retrospectively analyzed.Results The one-year patient and graft survival rate was 99.3％ and 95.7％respectively.Acute rejection episodes occurred in 38 cases (27.5％),15 cases suffered delayed graft function (DGF),and graft functions were returned to normal in all recipients within one month.Moreover,other complications included transplant renal artery stenosis in 8 cases (5.8％),ureteral necrosis in 2 cases (1.4％),urinary fistula in 5 cases (3.6％),hypertension in 57 cases (41.3 ％),hyperlipidemia in 38 cases (27.5％),hirsutism in 32 cases (23.2％),drug-induced liver damage in 26 cases (18.8％),urinary tract infection in 25 cases (18.1％ ),gingival hyperplasia in 22 cases (15.9％),pulmonary infection in 21 cases (15.2％),bone marrow suppression in 12 patients (8.7％),herpes simplex in 10 cases (7.2％),and diabetes in 8 cases (5.8％).The body weight was increased by 4 to 13 kg and the body height was increased by 2 to 7 cm during the first year posttransplantation. Conclusion The careful perioperative management, rational use of immunosuppressive agents,strengthening the follow-up management of children and social support,and improving compliance were the key points to obtain good outcomes in pediatric renal transplantation.