Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) loaded PEG modified nanostructured lipid carriers (HCPT-PEG-NLC) and nanostructured lipid carriers (HCPT-NLC) were prepared by melt emulsification and homogenization method. The morphology, particle size and encapsulation efficiency of them were investigated. HCPT concentrations in plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and ovary were determined after iv of HCPT injection, HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC in mice. The targeting indexes of HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC were calculated. The transmission electron microscope imaging showed that HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC exhibited a spherical shape. The particle sizes of them were (88.6 +/- 22.5) and (127.2 +/- 43.4) nm. The encapsulation efficiency were (90.51 +/- 3.29)% and (84.37 +/- 2.81)%, respectively. After iv injection into the tail vein of mice, HCPT plasma concentrations of HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC were higher than that of HCPT injection at each sampling time. They also showed longer elimination time in every tissue. HCPT-NLC accumulated in endothelial system (RES), Re and Ce of it in liver and spleen were significantly higher than HCPT-PEG-NLC. HPCT-PEG-NLC prolonged circulation time and increased bioavailability of HCPT. MRT and AUC0-24 h of it were 19.80 and 17.02 times higher than those of HCPT injection. It also significantly reduced phagocytosis of RES, and showed lung targeting effect (Re and Ce were 14.51 and 41.35). To summarize, HCPT-PEG-NLC could prolong the circulation time of HCPT in vivo, and had the lung targeting effect. It was a promising carrier to increase therapeutic effect of HCPT in treating lung cancer.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Female ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; physiology ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Phagocytosis ; drug effects ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Tissue Distribution

Polymyxin E shows effective treatment of the infection induced by resistant gramnegative bacteria, but its nephrotoxicity severely limits the clinical application of this drug. In this work, methoxypolyethylene glycols 2000 (mPEG2K)-polymyxin E (PME) was synthesized via chemical grafting reaction and had been characterized. The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of mPEG2K-PME in vitro were investigated on Escherichia coli and HK-2 cells, separately. Intra-abdominal infection model was further established in order to study the therapeutic effect and the toxic effect on kidney of mice. The results showed that mPEG2K-PME exhibited significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and had a lower toxicity on HK-2 cells in vitro. At the same time, mPEG2K-PME had a good efficacy in the treatment of Escherichia coli infected mice in vivo. Moreover, nephrotoxicity caused by mPEG2K-PME was significantly reduced compared to free PME. mPEG2K-PME is promising in development of new preparations with high efficiency and low toxicity.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Colistin ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Escherichia coli Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDMicrovascular decompression (MVD) is a well accepted surgical treatment strategy for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with satisfying long-term outcome. However, considerable recurrent patients need more effective management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency thermocoagulation rhizotomy (RTR) on patients with recurrent TN after MVD.

METHODSTotally 62 cases of recurrent TN after MVD undergoing RTR from January 2000 to January 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Based on surgical procedures undertaken, these 62 cases were classified into two subgroups: group A consisted of 23 cases that underwent traditional RTR by free-hand; group B consisted of 39 cases that underwent RTR under the guidance of virtual reality imaging technique or neuronavigation system. The patients in group A were followed up for 14 to 70 months (mean, 40 ± 4), and those in group B were followed up for 13 to 65 months (mean, 46 ± 7). Kaplan-Meier analyses of the pain-free survival curves were used for the censored survival data, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival curves of the two groups.

RESULTSAll patients in both groups A and B attained immediate pain relief after RTR. Both groups attained good pain relief rate within the first two years of follow-up: 92.3%, 84.6% and 82.6%, 69.6% respectively (P > 0.05). After 2 years, the virtual reality or neuronavigation assisted RTR group (group B) demonstrated higher pain relief rates of 82.5%, 76.2% and 68.8% at 3, 4 and 5 years after operation respectively, while those in group A was 57.2%, 49.6%, and 36.4% (P < 0.05). Low levels of minor complications were recorded, while neither mortalities nor significant morbidity was documented.

CONCLUSIONSRTR was effective in alleviating the pain of TN cases suffering from unsuccessful MVD management. With the help of virtual reality imaging technique or neuronavigation system, the patients could attain better long-term pain relief.

Adult ; Aged ; Electrocoagulation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery ; Middle Aged ; Radiosurgery ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhizotomy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; surgery ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of microwave ablation in combination with TACE for the treatment of primary liver carcinoma (PLC). Methods From Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2008, 63 PLC patients underwent ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (percutaneous or open) under general anesthesia. Repeated microwave ablation or TACE was used when an incompleted ablation or recurrence was found during postoperative regular follow-up. Results These 63 PLC patients have received a total of 82 sessions of microwave ablation procedure (1 to 5 sessions for each patient). There were 2 early postoperative deaths with a procedure-related mortality of 3.2%. At the end of the follow-up, 22 patients were alive and 38 died,and the other one was lost to follow-up. The survival rates in 1,2 and 3 years were 63.3%,42.1% and 26.5%, respectively, with a median survival of 20 months for all patients. The survival for PLC patients with early stage (TNM Ⅰ and Ⅱ) was significantly longer than that of advanced stage (TNM Ⅲ and Ⅳ). The 1,2 and 3 year's cumulative survival rate was 93.3%,86.7% and 65.0% respectively in those 15 cases with only single tumor and the diameter≤3 cm, which were significantly longer than that of other PLC patients. Of 23 patients with recurrence,9 had solitary tumor without lymphnode and distal metastases, for which the survival rates in 1,2 and 3 years were 100%,88.9%, and 35.6%, respectively, whereas in other recurrent patients the survival rates in 1,2 and 3 years were 21.4%, 10.7% and 0%, respectively(P< 0.01). Conclusions Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation in combination with TACE is effective for PLC patients with early stage. In recurrent PLC patients after ablation therapy with solitary tumor and no lymphnode and distal metastases the survival is significantly longer than that of the others.

OBJECTIVETo explore the types and clinical characteristics of traumatic subdural hydroma (TSH).

METHODOne hundred and ninety-two cases of TSH were classified into four types: The types of resolution, steadiness, development and evolution on the basis of their clinical characteristics and dynamic observation of CT scanning.

RESULTSThe patients in the resolution type often occurred in the prime of life. They had normal intracranial pressure and good prognoses using the conservative therapy. The majority of the elderly patients was in the steadiness type. Their main clinical manifestations included headache, dizziness, nausea, vomit, abnormal mentality and so on. Generally, there was no positive nervous systemic sign related to TSH. The prognoses of patients with the steadiness type treated by conservative therapy were satisfactory. The development type was common in the babies and children. This was mainly manifested as progressive increased intracranial pressure, mild hemiplegia, aphasia and abnormal mentality. The patients with development type often needed surgical treatment and might die once in a while due to accompanying cerebral parenchymal damage or postoperative complications. The evolution type was characterized by the polarized age, chronic increased intracranial pressure, often happening between 22 and 100 days after TSH and in the cases of small hydromas treated conservatively and mild accompanying cerebral damage, which always have a good prognosis by the treatment of surgery.

CONCLUSIONSThe mechanism, clinical characteristics, treatment methods and prognoses varied with different types of TSH.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Subdural Effusion ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of different fertilization methods on the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture for 1 153 cycles of IVF and 205 cycles of ICSI performed between january 2009 and December 2012.

RESULTSA total number of 14 748 embryos in the IVF group and 2 655 embryos in the ICSI group underwent sequential blastocyst culture, with 7 871 blastocysts formed in the former and 1 210 in the latter. No cycles were canceled for no blastocyst formation in either of the two groups. The rates of quality embryos, blastocyst formation and embryo utilization were significantly higher in the IVF than in the ICSI group (64.77 vs 58.72%, 53.37 vs 45.57%, and 60.06 vs 52.17%, all P < 0.05), but the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy and abortion showed no significant differences between the two groups (48.94 vs 51.43%, 49.03 vs 52.02%, and 11.69% vs 15.56, all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWith the same inclusion criteria of selective blastocyst culture, IVF has a lower risk of cycle cancellation due to no blastocyst formation and therefore may effect higher rates of blastocyst formation and embryo utilization than ICSI. Our study suggested that appropriate inclusion criteria of selective blastocyst culture should be laid down according to different fertilization methods.

Adult ; Blastocyst ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Adolescent ; Adult ; Astrocytoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Brain Stem ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the genesis and classification and diagnosis as well as the treatment of multiple meningiomas.

METHODSRetrospective study of the materials of 32 cases of multiple meningiomas, simultaneously review of the related articles.

RESULTSAll patients were divided into 5 groups, primary 18 cases, postoperative 7 cases, accompanied by neurofibromatosis (NF) 4 cases, meningiomatosis 1 case, accompanied with other intracranial tumor 2 cases, one with pituitary adenoma and the other with glioma. All the patients accepted operation, cured 25 cases, improved 7 cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe cytogenesis of different type of multiple meningiomas probably varied. Estrogen may play an important role in the genesis of multiple meningiomas. One stage resection of all the tumors was feasible to most cases and advocated. Most cases had strong tolerance to several times of operation, staging operation was permitted. The prognosis and principle of treatment of different group varied.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma ; classification ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the features of the clinical manifestations, imaging, pathology and microsurgery on the patients with gliomas of limbic and paralimbic system.

METHODSThe clinical data of 28 patients with gliomas of limbic and paralimbic system were analyzed respectively.

RESULTSSeizure was the most common symptom, presented in 24 cases. CT scans showed hypodensity in 19 cases and isodensity in 9 cases. MRI scans were achieved in 23 cases, showing hypointense signal on T(1)WI and hyperintense signal on T(2)WI. Total resection was achieved in 19 cases, subtotal in 6 cases and partial in 3 cases. All patients had excellent postoperative recovery, except 5 patients who developed temporary frontal aphasia and 6 patients who developed contralateral hemiplegia. The patients had a postoperative follow-up ranging from 6 months to 5 years, and 23 cases still survived.

CONCLUSIONHigh-resolution CT and MRI may reveal the size, location, confines and sharp demarcation of the tumors. Gliomas can be microsurgically removed with considerable results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Glioma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Limbic System ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of microwave ablation (MWA) and surgical resection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma(SHCC).Methods:Sixty five SHCC patients with intact clinical data, treated in the Center of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital between Feb 2005 and Aug 2012, were enrolled in this study. Among them, 30 patients were treated by MWA, and the other 35 by hepatectomy. Follow-up was conducted from Mar 2013 to Feb 2021. The differences in long-term survival, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, postoperative complications, performance status (PS), and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups.Results:The survival probability at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years was 93.2%, 82.5%, 55.6% and 41.2%, respectively, in the MWA group, and 97.1%, 82.6%, 67.2% and 48.3%, in the resection group ( P=0.347). The MWA group had less perioperative complications, less blood loss, shorter operation time, better PS score and better hospital stay than the surgical resection group (all P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate between BCLC stage 0~A1 and A2~A4 patients( P=0.773, 0.536). Conclusions:Microwave ablation in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma can achieve similar results as hepatectomy with less traumatic,better postoperative PS score and shorter postoperative hospital stay.