Objective To investigate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lumbar dorsal root ganglions (DRG) of rats model of high-dose fentanyl induced hyperalgesia. Methods 64 male SD rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 32), fentanyl group and normal saline (NS) group. The rats were injected with fentanyl (60 μg/kg) or NS 4 times in total subcutaneously with a 15-minute interval. Mechanical and thermal nociception were measured via the tail pressure test (tail flick thresholds, TFT) and paw withdrawal test (paw withdrawal latency, PWL) at 1 day before, at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hour and on 1 ~ 7 day after administration. 4 rats were sacrificed and the lumbar DRG were harvested to analyze the expression of PGE2 , IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αvia ELISA. Results There were no significant changes of TFT, PWL and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in DRG compared to baseline of rats in NS group. The value of TFT , PWL in fentanyl group were above the baseline at the 1 ~ 4 hour and below the baseline at 1~3 day after fentanyl injections. PGE2 , IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 increased on 1,3,5,7 day after fentanyl injections significantly. Conclusions High-dose fentanyl induced significant hyperalgesia and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in DRG. The expression pro-inflammatory cytokines peaked later and were more protracted than the change of behavior test and show no direct relationship between the two.

Objective To investigate the inhibitant effects of parecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, in acute fentanyl induced hyperalgesia in rats. Methods (1) Thirty SD rats (n=6 for each group) were subcutaneously injected with fentanyl (40 μg/kg × 4 times with a 15 min-interval) or saline to establish acute fentanyl induced hyperalgesia model, andparecoxib (5, 10 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally in parecoxib group. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds were measured by the tail pressure test every hour during 1~4 hours and once a day during 1~5 days. (2) 24 SD rats (n = 6 foreach group) were subcutaneously injected with fentanyl as above described and randomly administrated intraperitoneally with parecoxib in 10 mg/kg in 15 min before and at the 4th hour and the 1st day after fentanyl injection except rats in the control group, mechanical nociceptive thresholds were measured by the tail pressure test at time points as above described. Results (1)Acute high dose fentanyl injection induced mechanical hyperalgesia and parecoxib (at 5 or 10 mg/kg)inhibited fentanyl induced hyperalgesia in rats. (2)Parecoxib inhibited fentanyl induced hyperalgesia at 15 min before and at the 4th hour after, but not on the 1st day after fentanyl injection. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that subanalgesia doses of parecoxib had inhibitory effects on acute fentanyl induced hyperalgesia in time-dependent manners in rats.

Objective]To investigate the change of spinal pro?inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of fentanyl induced acute hyperalgesia.[Methods]64 male SD rats were divided into 2 groups(n=32),fentanyl group and NS group. The rats were subcutaneously injected with fentanyl (60 μg/kg) or normal saline (1.2 mL/kg) 4 times with 15?minute intervals. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds and thermal nociceptive latency were measured via the tail pressure test(Tail flick thresholds,TFT) and paw withdrawal test(Paw withdrawal latency,PWL)on the day before,at 1,2,3,and 4 hour and on 1~5 day after injection. 4 rats were killed concomitantly and the lumber spinal cord were harvested to analysis the expression of NF-κB,PGE2,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6.[Results]There were no significant changes of TFT,PWL and the expression of spinal inflammatory cytokines such as NF-κB, PGE2,IL-1β,and TNF-αcompared to baseline of rats treated with normal saline. The value of TFT ,PWL in fentanyl group raised to the highest(above the baseline)at the 1st hour after fentanyl injections and decreased thereafter,reached the lowest at the 1st day, raised increasinglyand up to baseline on the 3 day after injection. NF-κB,PGE2,IL-1β,and TNF-αincreased at the 4th hour,on 1 and 2 day and IL-6 increased at the 4 hour and onthe 1 day after fentanyl injections.[Conclusion]Subcutaneously injection of fentanyl induced significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and increased spinal pro?inflammatory cytokines parallelly , indicated that fentanyl induced acute hyperalgesia is associated with spinal inflammatory reaction in rats.

Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Child ; Cough ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Cryptococcosis ; Fever ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Fluconazole ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

To study the effect of cholesterol and 25-OH-cholesterol on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells and the effect of coptisine (Cop) extracted from Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) in reducing and regulating cholesterol. In this study, TC, TG, LDL-c and HDL-c were measured by biochemical analysis; mRNA and protein expressions of LDLR, HMGCR and CYP7A1 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. According to the results, cholesterol and 25-OH-cholesterol inducing could decrease in mRNA and protein expressions of LDLR and CYP7A1, so as to increase TC and LDL-c contents. However, Cop could up-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of LDLR and CYP7A1 and down-regulate that of HMGCR, so as to reduce TC and LDL-c levels. These findings suggested that Cop has potential pharmacological activity for reducing cholesterol, and may reduce cholesterol by regulating mRNA and protein expressions of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, such as LDLR, CYP7A1 and HMGCR. This study laid a firm theoretical foundation for developing new natural drugs with the cholesterol-lowering activity.
Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, LDL ; genetics ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the effect of the early postoperative enteral nutrition on improving the nutritional status, cost of nutrition and hospital stay after operation in abdominal surgery.Methods 48 patients who underwent abdominal operation were allocated into 2 groups: enteral nutrition group(EN group,23 cases) and parenteral nutrition group(PN group,25 cases). It was isonitrogenous and isocaloric intake in both groups. Each day nitrogen intake (0.18±0.02)g/kg,104.6—125.52 kJ(25—30kCal/kg). EN was given at postoperation 8 hours by naso intestinal tube which was placed 30 cm distal to ligament of Treitz or jejunal export loop. PN was provided by peripherally inserted central venous catheters(PICC). The nutritional indices were investigated. A visual analogy scale was used to estimate the infection related complication, cost of nutrition and hospital stay. These parameters were evaluated preoperatively and on the 8th day after operation.Results Early postoperative enteral nutrition showed significant nutrition effect in the patients undergoing abdominal surgery. In the EN group,the nitrogen balance became positive at the postoperative day 4,whereas the nitrogen balance still remained negative in the PN group. The EN group decreased their hospital stay and cost of nutrition compared with that of the PN group(P<0.05). Conclusion The early postoperative enteral nutrition is safe and feasible. It cannot only improve the nutritional status and intestinal function obviously, but also decreased the hospital stay and cost of nutrition compared with parenteral nutrition.

From April 2009 onward, a new strain of human H1N1 influenza virus has swept over the world. The genome of influenza virus consists of 8 segments, encoding 10 proteins, respectively. The reassortments among the 8 segments cause the variation of influenza virus. Therefore, phylogenetic analysis of the 8 genes is very important. In this paper, we choose neighboring word frequency as the genomic features, using VC++ programming to analyze evolution of the 8 segments of H1N1 virus. As a result, we found that PB2 genes and PA genes of these three isolated virus were originated from North American avian influenza virus, that PB1 genes were originated from the seasonal influenza virus of human, and that HA genes, NS genes and NP genes came from the North American classical swine influenza A virus. The NA segments and M segments were originated from the European swine influenza virus.
Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Mexico ; epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Reassortant Viruses ; genetics ; United States ; epidemiology

By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), an open reading frame of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) was isolated from Panax notoginseng and named as PnPR1. Molecular and bioinformatic analyses of PnPR1 revealed that an open reading frame of 501 bp was predicted to encode a 166-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular mass of 18.1 kD. Homology analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of PR1 protein of Panax notoginseng had a high similarity with other higher plants had the same conservative structure domain of cysteine-rich secretory protein (CAP). The recombinant expressed plasmid pET28a(+)-PnPR1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The expression conditions were optimized by induction at different times, different temperatures, different IPTG concentrations and different giving times. The optimum expression condition was 0.4 mmol.L-1 IPTG at 28 degrees C for 20 h. The successful expression of PnPR1 provides some basis for protein purification and preparation of the monoclonal antibody.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been widely applied in pelvic fracture and joint surgeries, but its feasibility in atlantoaxial pedicle screw placement needs to be studied further.OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and accuracy of 3D printing-assisted atlantoaxial pedicle screw placement in the treatment of type II C odontoid fracture.METHODS: Clinical data of 20 patients with type II C odontoid fracture admitted in the Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University from June 2014 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomized into two groups, and then received 3D printing-assisted atlantoaxial pedicle screw placement (experimental group), or conventional atlantoaxial pedicle screw placemen (control group). The placement was observed through X-ray and CT scanning. All patients were followed up for 12 months, and the clinical efficacy was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale and cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time, blood loss and radiation exposure time in the experimental group were significantly less than in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The accuracy of placement in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). No spinal cord, vertebral artery or nerve injuries occurred in the two groups. (3) The postoperative clinical efficacy was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale and cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores in the two groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). (4) These findings manifest that 3D printing-assisted trans-atlantoaxial pediele screw placement is a safe and effective method for type Ⅱ C odontoid fracture.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome