Objective: To investigate the safety of treatment with ophthalmic artery cannulation for intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) in children with retinoblastoma (RB) during general anesthesia. Methods: A total of 60 children with RB who underwent ocular artery interventional chemotherapy under general anesthesia in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2015 to August 2018 were collected. Induction of anesthesia was performed with rapid induction of endotracheal intubation with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and rocuronium. Sevoflurane and oxygen were administered for maintenance of general anesthesia, with intermittent injection of rocuronium and fentanyl. Intraoperative continuous monitoring of hemodynamic parameters, respiratory parameters (EtCO2, oxygen saturation and inspiratory peak pressure) and sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was performed, and intraoperative pulmonary compliance, hypoxemia, hypotension and other cardiopulmonary adverse events were observed and recorded. Results: Over a 3-year period, 185 treatment sessions were performed in 60 patients. Thirty-two cardiopulmonary adverse events were observed in 20 patients, and the incidence rate was 17.2%, mainly including severe decrease in lung compliance, hypoxemia and arterial hypotension. All severe decreases in lung compliance occurred within 1 or 2 minutes after catheter insertion in the ophthalmic artery. After active treatment with propofol, phenylephrine and epinephrine, no death and permanent sequelae occured. Conclusion: An appreciable incidence of trigeminocardiac reflex to intra-ophthalmic artery infusion of chemotherapy in patients with RB is found. Both interventionalists and anesthesiologists should be aware of this potential event and be prepared to provide immediate resuscitative measures.

The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted at mountain areas where there is appropriate weather condition. Due to the complex terrain condition in mountain area, the planting at such places is always associated with a scattered pattern, which inevitably bring difficulty to the work of accurate measurement for the planting area. Advanced research about monitoring the planting area for medicine-herb under complex environmental condition is so critical and meaningful for developing the medicine-herb planting to a large scale and an industry. Therefore, this research, taking the planting of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in Luding county as an example, utilizes RS&GIS: using the image data from TM and ETM datum as the remote sensing information source, integrating GPS data from quadrat survey on the spots, and analyzing on a GIS platform, to extract the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county. The results indicate that: (1) the method and technology used to estimate the planting area of H. pedunculosum are feasible and can be applied to monitoring the planting area of medicine-herb at mountain area under complex environmental conditions: (2) the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county is estimated to be 857. 246 acres by the methods utilized in this research, which is closed to the value from local statistical data with an error range less than 5%; (3) in consideration of those inevitable errorrs generating from the procedures such as remote sensing data acquisition, data preprocessing, data interpretation, and so on, and the fact that the classification of remote sensing data, which must be implemented by those above procedures, was used directly to extract the herb type, the accuracy of area estimation for the herb is significantly influenced by the accuracy of classification for herb type, and the estimated area is inevitably associated with some error.
China ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Geographic Information Systems ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Remote Sensing Technology ; methods

OBJECTIVETo understand the distribution of chronic disease related behavior and lifestyle in adults from Beijing.

METHODS16,658 adult residents from Beijing city were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method in 2005. Each participant was invited to receive a set of standardized questionnaire, physical examinations and laboratory tests.

RESULTSIn the adults living in Beijing, 33.2% were overweight and 16.4% were obesive. The current smoking rate was 26.2% and the regular smoking rate was 21.4%. 57.7% of the male and 4.6% of the female adults were current smokers. In male adults, 64.3% drank alcoholic beverage at least once per month while 16.1% drank almost everyday, 16.5% drank more alcohol than moderate, and 18.5% were binge drinkers. 46.0% of Beijing adults were in lack of active physical exercise. Unhealthy dietary habits such as:excess consumption of sodium or oil, lower intake of vegetable, milk and soybean productions, skipping breakfast, fond of salted vegetable and fried food intake, as well as eating snacks etc. were quite commonly seen in the adults from Beijing. In addition, most of the risk factors had a higher prevalence in the suburban areas and population at working-age.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence rate of chronic risk factors was still high in adults of Beijing. Effective interventions should be carried out to prevent further worsening of the situation, especially in the suburban areas and people at working-age.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the constitution and health status of the Beijing residents, and the primary influencing factors on nutrition and health, as to finding out the epidemiological characters and the changing trend of chronic diseases and to establish scientific basis for the establishment of public health and disease prevention policies of Beijing.

METHODSA stratified multi-stage cluster randomly sampling method was used. In total, 18 districts were surveyed, and among them, 9 were conducted dietary survey. The investigation was based on household, and all family members were surveyed at their home. After having got the compliance from the family members, question asking, medical examination, laboratory test and dietary investigation were carried out in these people.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of hypertension was 25.0% for the resident > or = 15 year-old, and over 50% for middle-aged and elderly people (> or = 45 years old). The incidence of diabetes for those not younger than 15 years old was 7.7%. The over-weight rate and the obesity rate for adults were 35.1% and 20.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe following risk factors of chronic disease, such as unreasonable diet pattern, deficient intake of some micronutrients, over-weight and obesity, lack of physical examination, smoking and over-drinking, should be the important factors influencing the health of Beijing residents severely.

China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

AIMTo study the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of acipimox sustained-release tablets (SRT) after a single and multiple oral dose in healthy dogs.

METHODSThe plasma concentrations of of SRT and reference capsules with a single and multiple oral doses.

RESULTSThe drug concentration-time profiles fitted to a noncompartment model. After a single dose administration of sustained-release tablets and capsules, the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUC were (158 +/- 30) and (147 +/- 37) microg x h x mL(-1); Tmax were (4.3 +/- 0.8) and (2.6 +/- 1.3) h; Cmax were (29 +/- 6) and (42 +/- 10) microg x mL(-1); T(1/2) were (2.3 +/- 0.7) and (1.60 +/- 0.10) h; MRT were (6.0 +/- 0.8) and (3.9 +/- 0.7) h, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release tablet was (108 +/- 16) %. After a multiple oral administration of sustained-release tablets and capsules, the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUC were (209 +/- 23) and (195 +/- 26) microg x h x mL(-1); Tmax were (6.3 +/- 0.8) and (3.4 +/- 1.5) h; Cmax were (27 +/- 4) and (36 +/- 5) microg x mL(-1); Cmmin were (2.2 +/- 1.0) and (0.20 +/- 0.20) microg x mL(-1); Cav were (8.7 +/- 1.0) and (8.1 +/- 1.1) micro x mL(-1); FI were (293 +/- 73) % and (448 +/- 91) % , respectively. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release tablet was (114 +/- 19) %.

CONCLUSIONThe results of two one-side test from single dose administration shown that two preparations were bioequivalent. The Cmax of sustained-release tablet was lower than that of capsules, while the Tmax and MRT of sustained-release tablet were higher than that of capsule, which indicating a good retarding effect. The results from multiple dose administration also shown that two preparations were bioequivalent and the DF of sustained-release tablet was significant lower than that of capsule.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Capsules ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Tablets ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Objective To investigate the basic distribution of endemic areas in the type of drinking water arsenism and in Xiantao City,Hubei Province,and to offer a scientific basis for control and prevention.Methods According to"the Chinese Scheme of Implementing Surveillance of Distribution of Endemic Arsenism",considering with the special geography feature of Xiantao,both sampling and overall survey were used in 7 towns chosen.The water arsenic content was determined by half quantitative fast reagent-box method.We began to search for clues and patients according to the endemic areas and the families with high arsenic wells.Results High endemic arsenic water sources were distributed in 7 the towns(districts or farms).In 81 villages of Xiantao City,35 villages had drinking water arsenic content exceeding 0.05 mg/L,accounting for 43.21%(35/81).In 4020 screened wells,269 had arsenic content higher than the national standard,the detective rate of high arsenic wells(more than 0.05 mg/L)was 6.69%(269/4020),with the highest rate in Shahu Seed Plant being 13.56%(115/848).The population exposed to high arsenic was 1091,in a rate of 5.75%(1091/18 975),in which 281 children were exposed in a rate of 5.82%(281/4826).In Shahu Seed Plant,467 people including 129 children were exposed to high arsenic, accounting for 13.26%(467/3522)and 12.91%(129/999),respectively.Conclusions High arsenic sources widely exist in Xiantao City,especially in Shahu Seed Plant,where arsenic content,the exposed rate of population and children are high.Therefore,prevention and control should be carried out in the southeast as soon as possible,as well as in other places where situation is less serious.

BACKGROUNDReports on mood regulating circuit (MRC) indicated different activities between depressed patients and healthy controls. The functional networks based on MRC have not been described in major depression disorder (MDD). Both the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus are all the key regions of MRC. This study was to investigate the two functional networks related to ACC and thalamus in MDD.

METHODSSixteen patients with MDD on first episode which never got any medication and sixteen matched health controls were scanned by 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during resting-state. The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) was used as seed region to construct the functional network by cortex section. The thalamus was used as seed region to construct the functional network by limbic section. Paired-t tests between-groups were performed for the seed-target correlations based on the individual fisher z-transformed correlation maps by SPM2.

RESULTSDepressed subjects exhibited significantly great functional connectivity (FC) between pgACC and the parahippocampus gyrus in one cluster (size 923) including left parahippocampus gyrus (-21, -49, 7), left parietal lobe (-3, -46, 52) and left frontal lobe (-27, -46, 28). The one cluster (size 962) of increased FC on thalamus network overlapped the precuneus near to right parietal lobe (9, -52, 46) and right cingulate gyrus (15, -43, 43) in health controls.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal functional networks exist in earlier manifestation of MDD related to MRC by both cortex and limbic sections. The increased functional connectivity of pgACC and decreased functional connectivity of thalamus is mainly involved in bias mood processing and cognition.

Adult ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Thalamus ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the regularity invading adjacent tissue of pyriform sinus carcinoma.

METHODSThe whole organ serial section of 68 total or partial laryngectomy and hypopharyngectomy specimen of pyriform sinus carcinoma were histopathologically studied.

RESULTSIn 68 pyriform sinus carcinoma, invaded ventricular and paraglottic spaces was 63 and 38 cases respectively, the difference of invasive frequency of both spaces was significantly marked (chi2 = 21.37, P < 0.01). Thyroid cartilage had the most invaded frequency of 92.6% (63/68). The all touching and pressing invasion of laryngeal cartilage was 89 times, and infiltrating invasion was 51 times. The invasive frequency of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, posterior cricoarytenoid one, thyroarytenoid and interarytenoid ones were 63.2% (43/68), 57.4% (39/68), 55.9% (38/68), 51.5% (35/68) respectively. The invasive frequency of cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid joints were 30.9% (21/68), 17.6% (12/68) respectively. The invasive frequency of superior laryngeal nerve was 67.7% (44/65) , and more than that of recurrent laryngeal nerve (18/65, 27.7%). The pyriform sinus medial wall carcinoma was 14 cases, lateral wall carcinoma 18 cases, medial and lateral wall carcinoma 36 cases. The invaded pyriform sinus apex was 34 cases, normal its apex was 26 ones, submucous invasion of its apex was 8 ones. Light lymphocytic invasion was 66.2% (45/68) and seen most in pyriform sinus carcinoma. Submucous and leaping invasion of pyriform sinus carcinoma were 24 and 8 cases.

CONCLUSIONSIntralaryngeal invasion of pyriform sinus carcinoma arose through paraglottic space first. Laryngeal cartilage membrane and their cartilage were anatomical obstacle against cancerous invasion. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, posterior cricoarytenoid one, thyroarytenoid and interarytenoid ones were often invaded. Pyriform sinus medial wall carcinoma invaded intralaryngeal structure easily, its lateral wall carcinoma may invade upward, downward and outward along thyroid cartilage interior wall, medial and lateral wall carcinoma may invade intralaryngeal and extralaryngeal structure, and was the most serious lesion. The invasion of pyriform sinus apex is an important sign of pyriform sinus carcinoma spreading downward to inferior and peripheral tissues of hypopharynx.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pyriform Sinus ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cytotoxic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 cells and corresponding changes of TGF-beta1-Smad pathway.

METHODSThe cytotoxic effect of EGCG on HepG2 cells was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and luciferase assay were used to verify whether TGF-beta1-Smad signaling pathway is intact in HepG2. The mRNA expression of Smad 2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 was detected by real-time PCR.

RESULTSEGCG induced apoptosis in the HepG2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The proportion of G(1) phase cells was increased gradually as the concentration increased. However, the percentage of cells in S phase was decreased gradually. Annexin V/PI assay demonstrated that early apoptosis increased as the concentration increased, and late apoptosis also increased, when treated with high-concentration EGCG. The intact TGF-beta1-Smad pathway was verified by luciferase assay and RT-PCR. There was no significant effect of EGCG on mRNA level of Smad 2, Smad 3, and Smad 4 in HepG2 cells, but downregulated mRNA level of Smad 7.

CONCLUSIONEGCG can reduce apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 cells. The activation of TGF-beta1-Smad signaling pathway may be involved in its cytotoxicity mechanisms.

Anticarcinogenic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smad Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

INTRODUCTIONWe aimed to examine the turnover of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) pathologically and endoscopically and explore its potential causes.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted of prospective data collected from 1,592 patients who underwent gastroscopy three times or more during the period 1985-2009 at Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China. Pathological and endoscopic findings were analysed. Data collected included gender, age, length of follow-up period, family history, past medical history, history of Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection, drug history for the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antacids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], and lifestyle history, including the patients' eating habits.

RESULTS23 (1.44%) patients presented with gastric cancers resulting from CAG and 349 (21.92%) patients had dysplasia. Pathological and endoscopic findings suggested that the proportion of patients with worsening gastric mucosa during the atrophic and intestinal metaplasia (IM) phases was over 35% with increasing age. Gastric mucosa was found to be pathologically aggravated by carbonated drinks and fast food, and pathologically degenerated by H. pylori infection. Smoking deteriorated the gastric mucosa. Side dishes of vegetables may benefit the gastric mucosa even in the atrophic and IM phases.

CONCLUSIONOur findings support the consensus that CAG is a progressive disease. Potential factors that were found to affect the state of the gastric mucosa in our patient group were gender, H. pylori infection, use of PPIs or NSAIDs, and intake of vegetable side dishes, spicy food, carbonated drinks and fast food.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; trends ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors