Objective To investigate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lumbar dorsal root ganglions (DRG) of rats model of high-dose fentanyl induced hyperalgesia. Methods 64 male SD rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 32), fentanyl group and normal saline (NS) group. The rats were injected with fentanyl (60 μg/kg) or NS 4 times in total subcutaneously with a 15-minute interval. Mechanical and thermal nociception were measured via the tail pressure test (tail flick thresholds, TFT) and paw withdrawal test (paw withdrawal latency, PWL) at 1 day before, at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hour and on 1 ~ 7 day after administration. 4 rats were sacrificed and the lumbar DRG were harvested to analyze the expression of PGE2 , IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αvia ELISA. Results There were no significant changes of TFT, PWL and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in DRG compared to baseline of rats in NS group. The value of TFT , PWL in fentanyl group were above the baseline at the 1 ~ 4 hour and below the baseline at 1~3 day after fentanyl injections. PGE2 , IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 increased on 1,3,5,7 day after fentanyl injections significantly. Conclusions High-dose fentanyl induced significant hyperalgesia and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in DRG. The expression pro-inflammatory cytokines peaked later and were more protracted than the change of behavior test and show no direct relationship between the two.

Objective To evaluate the valuse of endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS ) for upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions and the role of Photoshop in differentiating leiomyoma and stromal tumors. Methods Data of 656 patients with upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions evaluated by EUS and receiving endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD ) from April 2010 to March 2015 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The goldern standard for lesions size and origin was the intraoperative diagnosis of ESD, and that of the type of lesions ( leiomyoma, stromal tumor, ectopic pancreas, lipoma, etc.) was pathological and immunohistochemical finding. The consistency of diagnosis of the EUS was evaluated. In addition, Photoshop was used to differentiate diagnosis of leiomyoma and stromal tumors which were confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemistry. Results The consistency in diagnosing the size and lesion origins was 92?56%(560/605) and 88?43%(535/605)between EUS and ESD intraoperative result. The consistency in pathological types of EUS was 79?34%(480/605). Photoshop was used to analyze the EUS images of 177 stromal tumor and 241 leiomyoma. The gray value of stromal tumor was significantly higher than that of leiomyoma(59?97 VS 39?39, t=43?27, P<0?05).The echo of stromal tumor was higher. The standard deviation of gray value of leiomyoma were significantly lower than that of the stromal tumor ( 4?81 VS 5?42, t = 2?83, P < 0?05 ) , indicating the echo uniformity of leiomyoma was better. Conclusion EUS shows high accuracy rate for upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions, providing more accurate basis for endoscopic therapy. EUS combined with Photoshop is helpful for differentiating stromal tumor from leiomyoma.

Objective Inflammation and calcification are common phenomenons in human atherosclerotic plaque.The objective of this study was to determine the gene expression of some proteins and anti-inflammatory factors as well as bone formation mediators in the fibrous cap and shoulder region of non-calcified and calcified carotid endarterectomy(CEA) plaques.Methods Twenty-two CEA plaques were classified as Va(non-calcified,n=11) and Vb(calcified,n=11) in accordance with the AHA consensus in 1995.Mean percent in carotid stenosis and calcification area was 76.4% and 0% in Va and 74.2% and 33.6% in Vb respectively as determined by quantitative histomorphometry.Using laser capture microdissection,the fibrous cap and shoulder regions were excised from 22 frozen sections/plaques.After total RNA extraction and reverse transcription,gene expression of proteins(IL-1,IL-8,and MCP-1),anti-inflammatory factor(IL-10) and bone formation protein(BMP-6 and Osteocalcin) were detected by Real-time PCR.Results mRNA expression of MCP-1,IL-8 and IL-1 in Va plaques were 1.8 fold higher than that in Vb plaques,mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and osteogenic related genes BMP-6 and Osteocalcin were 3.8,4.2,and 6.9 fold higher in Vb plaques compared to Va plaques.Conclusions Our findings indicate that fibrous cap inflammation and susceptibility to disruption is more likely to occur in non-calcified plaques.

Aim To observe the variation of T-cell subsets in spleen in different courses of disease and tis-sue histopathological changes in rats with adjuvant ar-thritis (AA).Methods The model of rat AA was in-duced by complete Freund’s adjuvant into the right hind metatarsal footpad of 20 male Lewis rats.Arthritis was evaluated by total score,arthritis index and paw swelling number. The percentage of total (CD3 +CD4 +), memory (CD4 + CD44 +), no-sensitizated (CD4 + CD62L +) and Th1 7 (CD4 + IL-1 7 +) on CD4 +T cells in spleen were detected by flow cytometry on days 1 4 and 22 after immuniozation.The his-topathological evaluation of heart,liver,spleen,lung, kidney,ankle joints and mesenteric lymph nodes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE)stain.Re-sults The onset of secondary arthritis appeared on a-bout day 1 0 after immunization,with a peak onset on day 1 9.Systematic arthritis symptoms included front and hind paw swelling and redness (swelling was more apparent in the front rather than hind paws),nodule formation and redness on the ears,connective tissue swelling and redness of the nose and evident nodules and redness on the tail.Total score,arthritis index and the paw swelling numbers were enhanced in AA rats. Pathohistology of ankles joints showed hyperplasia, pannus formation,and inflammatory cells infiltration in AA rats.And pathohistology of heart,liver,spleen, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes showed inflamma-tory changes.Compared with normal group,there was no change in the percentage of total,memory and no-sensitizated CD4 +T cell in the early stage inflammation but they were significantly enhanced in the peak of in-flammation.Th1 7 cell subsets were significantly en-hanced in both of the early and peak of inflammation. Conclusion These findings suggest that abnormal T cell responses and tissue histopathological changes are important features of AA rats.

Objective Through studying the effect of Tangnaikang (TNK) on the expression of Smad 2, 3, 7 mRNA of human renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), to explore the mechanism of TNK on prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis. Methods The HK-2 cells were cultured by DMEM/F12 (1∶1) with 10% fetal bovine serum and divided into control group, TGF-β1 group (TGF-β1 10 ng/mL), blank serum control group (TGF-β1 10 ng/mL + 10% animal serum), TNK drug-containing serum therapy groups (TGF-β1 10 ng/mL + 5% TNK or + 10% TNK or + 20% TNK). After 24 h, the expression of Smad 2, 3, 7 mRNA were tested by fluorescence quantitatiye PCR assay. Results After the HK-2 cells were induced by TGF-β1, the expression of Smad 2, 3 mRNA were increased and the expression of Smad 7 mRNA was decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). The expression of Smad 2, 3 mRNA were decreased and the expression of Smad 7 mRNA was increased in TNK drug-containing serum therapy groups compared with TGF-β1 group (P<0.05), but blank serum control group had no such effect. Conclution TNK could prevent the development of renal fibrosis to some extent through regulating the expression of Smads signaling pathway.

Objective]To investigate the change of spinal pro?inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of fentanyl induced acute hyperalgesia.[Methods]64 male SD rats were divided into 2 groups(n=32),fentanyl group and NS group. The rats were subcutaneously injected with fentanyl (60 μg/kg) or normal saline (1.2 mL/kg) 4 times with 15?minute intervals. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds and thermal nociceptive latency were measured via the tail pressure test(Tail flick thresholds,TFT) and paw withdrawal test(Paw withdrawal latency,PWL)on the day before,at 1,2,3,and 4 hour and on 1~5 day after injection. 4 rats were killed concomitantly and the lumber spinal cord were harvested to analysis the expression of NF-κB,PGE2,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6.[Results]There were no significant changes of TFT,PWL and the expression of spinal inflammatory cytokines such as NF-κB, PGE2,IL-1β,and TNF-αcompared to baseline of rats treated with normal saline. The value of TFT ,PWL in fentanyl group raised to the highest(above the baseline)at the 1st hour after fentanyl injections and decreased thereafter,reached the lowest at the 1st day, raised increasinglyand up to baseline on the 3 day after injection. NF-κB,PGE2,IL-1β,and TNF-αincreased at the 4th hour,on 1 and 2 day and IL-6 increased at the 4 hour and onthe 1 day after fentanyl injections.[Conclusion]Subcutaneously injection of fentanyl induced significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and increased spinal pro?inflammatory cytokines parallelly , indicated that fentanyl induced acute hyperalgesia is associated with spinal inflammatory reaction in rats.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of endovascular repair for traumatic thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm.Methods:From Oct 2015 to Oct 2018, the clinical and followup data of 7 patients diagnosed as traumatic thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm in Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The patients average age was (51.2±11.0) years old. All patients underwent surgery in the hybrid operating room under general anesthesia. Two did thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), three did TEVAR combined with chimney technique to reconstruct the left subclavian artery, and 1 had TEVAR combined with fenestration to reconstruct the left subclavian artery. One did TEVAR with left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery bypass. The mean operative time was (90.1±27.4) min, the mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.9±3.7) d, and the mean postoperative follow-up time was 42.4 months. All the patients received CTA reexamination of the aorta after 1, 6, 12 months and yearly thereafter. TypeⅠendoleak was found in one patient with chimney technique to reconstruct of left subclavian artery after operation. CT showed that the type Ⅰ endoleak disappeared 6 months after operation. There was no death, paraplegia or stroke during the perioperative period and follow-up period, and there was no aortic related reintervention.Conclusion:TEVAR is a safe and effective method for the treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of thoracic aorta, and the early and mid-term results were satisfactory.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the in-situ needle fenestration combined with the in vitro physician modified fenestration technique to reconstruct supra-aortic branches during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic arch lesions requiring landing at Z0 and Z1.Methods:From Nov 2017 to Dec 2019, eighteen patients who underwent both the in-situ needle fenestration and the in vitro physician modified fenestration techniques to extend the proximal landing zone to Z0 and Z1 during TEVAR were included in our study.Results:Sixteen patients underwent in vitro physician modified fenestration ,two patients underwent in vitro physician modified fenestration to reconstruct both the left common carotid artery and the innominate artery. All eighteen patients received in-situ needle fenestration to preserve the left subclavian artery. Supra aortic branches were preserved in all patients (38/38, 100%). There was no Type Ⅰ endoleak. Type Ⅱ endoleak was found in four paitnets (4/18). Type Ⅲ endoleak occurred in one patient (1/18). Type Ⅳ endoleak in four patients (4/18). Type Ⅲ endoleak needed open aortic arch repair 6 months later. The median follow-up time was 12 months. One (1/18) died in 12 months and the other patients were doing well.Conclusions:The joint application of the in-situ needle fenestration and the in vitro physician modified fenestration to reconstruct supra-aortic branches during TEVAR for aortic arch pathologies requiring landing at Z0 and Z1 was satisfactory.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Altitude Sickness ; blood ; enzymology ; Glutathione ; blood ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; blood ; Oxidoreductases ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

To find the relationship between myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and refractory monolineage cytopenia, thirteen cases of MDS with early presentation of monolineage refractory cytopenia were analyzed retrospectively. The results were as follows: (1) The percentage of 13 cases with refractory monolineage cytopenia were 5.9% of the total 219 MDS patients in the past 10 years. (2) The median time of patients with monlineage cytopenia to M DS diagnosed was 48.5 +/- 55.3 months. The median times from monolineage cytopenia to MDS diagnosed for patients with neutropenia, erythrocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were 12.5 +/- 9.5 months, 53.8 +/- 54.6 months and 59.2 +/- 65.5 months, respectively. (3) The common characteristics of 13 cases were as follows: (a) the macrocytic erythrocytes in peripheral blood and the percentage of intermediate and late erythroblast in bone marrow were increased; (b) occasionally few cells with dysplasia could be found; (c) all patients with erythrocytopenia and thrombocytopenia transformed to RA and RAS while the most of patients with neutropenia transformed to RAEB subtype; (d) autoantibody could be found in part of the patients. It is concluded that some of refractory monolineage cytopenias in essence are the early states of MDS.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; diagnosis ; Neutropenia ; diagnosis ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies