Objective To establish mouse models of total body irradiation (TBI) with different doses of 60 Co radiation combined with skin defect, so as to investigate the influence of TBI on wound healing and the pathophysiological changes in combined radiation injury and skin defect. Methods A total of 180 female Kunming mice were irradiated with a single dose of 4, 6 or 8 Gy 60 Co ray. Within 30 min after irradiation,a full thickness square wounds (1.5cm×1.5cm) was made on the back of mice to establish animal models of TBI combined with skin defect (n=50), another 30 mice with pure skin defect were used as controls (n=30). Mice in each group were sacrificed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after injury, each time 6 mice, and the full thickness wounds were harvested. Histological method was used to evaluate the changes of inflammatory cells, fibro blasts and new blood capillaries in the wounds. Image analysis system was used to analyze the areas of the residual wounds. The survival rates and body weight changes of mice within 14 days were analyzed in all groups. Results On the 7th and 14th day after injury, the survival rates of mice in the 6 Gy group were 75% and 55%, respectively. While in the 8 Gy group the survival rate of mice was only 33% on the 7th day,and all the animals died by the 10th day. Within 14 days after injury, the body weight loss of mice demonstrated an increasing tendency with the increase of radiation doses (4,6,and8 Gy groups). TBI delayed wound healing in mice with the increase of irradiation dose.The unhealed areas in the 6 and 8 Gy groups were larger than that in the control group on the 2nd day (P<0.01), and that in 4 Gy group was significantly larger than that in the control group on the 8th day (P<0.05). H-E staining showed that the early inflammatory responses were inhibited, the increase of fibroblasts and new capillaries were greatly delayed, and the granulation tissue formation and reepithelialization were slowed down in the TBI group compared with the simple wound group.Conclusion Animal models of TBI with 6 Gy 60 Co ray combined with skin defect can serve as a platform to study the mechanism of difficult healing and early treatment of radiation injury combined with skin defect.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on Cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and mitochondrial calcium in the testis of NIDDM rats.

METHODSFifty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: model, ganoderma and normal control, the first two groups injected with 2% STZ through vena caudalis, and the last one with half-and-half sodium citrate/citrate buffer solution. Two weeks after normal diet, glucose tolerance tests were performed and the rats with abnormal glucose tolerance from the model and ganoderma groups received high-fat and high-carbohydrate food, the ganoderma group given Ganoderma lucidum spores (250mg/[ kg x d] ) in addition, both for 10 weeks. Glucose tolerance tests were repeated 1 day before the end of the experiment and the rats were castrated and relevant indexes measured.

RESULTSThe NIDDM model was successfully constructed. In the model group, the levels of mitochondrial Cyt-C and mitochondrial calcium were significantly lower (P <0. 05) while that of the plasma Cyt-C was significantly higher than in the ganoderma and the control groups.

CONCLUSIONCyt-C and calcium ion are involved in the damage of the testis. Ganoderma lucidum spores can protect the testis of NIDDM rats.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reishi ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the expressions of HO-2 and CO in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats in order to further study the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSWe randomly divided 72 male SD rats into four groups: normal control, sham operation, castration, and castration + ZnPP. We detected intracavernous pressure (ICP) and penile erection in the basic condition and after apomorphine (APO) induction, determined the expression of the HO-2 protein in the corpus cavernosum by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and measured the level of CO by spectrophotometry during different periods of penile erection.

RESULTSThe ICP in the basic condition and that after APO induction and the rate of penile erection were decreased significantly in the castration group ([11.68 ± 0.69] mmHg, [54.81 ± 3.86] mmHg, and 33.3%) and the castration + ZnPP group ([11.20 ± 0.71] mmHg, [41.17 ± 5.41] mmHg, and 22.2%) as compared with the normal control ([22.83 ± 2.66] mmHg, [66.92 ± 7.77] mm-Hg, and 100%) and the sham operation group ([23.35 ±2.22] mmHg, [70.43 ?7. 22] mmHg, and 100%) (all P <0. 01). After APO induction, ICP in the castration + ZnPP group was remarkably reduced in comparison with that in the castration group (P < 0.01), and so was the expression of the HO-2 protein before and during penile erection in the castration (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) and the castration + ZnPP group (390.1 ± 29.7 and 526.0 ± 52.5) compared with the normal control (512.7 ±57.4 and 1145.2 ± 89.8) and the sham operation group (583.7 ± 8.0 and 1016.3 ± 79.8), the expression of the HO-2 protein significantly decreased in the castration group (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), markedly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01) but with no significant differences among the four groups after it. Before, during and after penile erection, the levels of CO were remarkably decreased in the castration ([20.59 ± 1.01], [32.53 ± 1.26], and [18.71 ± 1.22] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the castration +ZnPP group ([12.52 ± 1.05], [21.90 ± 1.02], and [16.56 ± 0.55] x 10(-7) nmol/L) as compared with the normal control ([26.76 ± 1.41], [48.25 ± 1.01], and [27.10 ± 1.58 ] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the sham operation group ([25.41 ± 2.09], [ 47.90 ± 1.22], and [25.67 ± 1.20] x 10(-7) nmol/L) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), significantly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDecreased expressions of HO-2 and CO may correlate with erectile dysfunction in castrated rats.

Animals ; Apomorphine ; pharmacology ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Dopamine Agonists ; pharmacology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Chaperones ; metabolism ; Orchiectomy ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; Penis ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The clinical application of Chinese patent medicines has suffered sever problems and required guidelines for clinical practices. Currently, the expert consensus method is more suitable for formulating clinical practice guidelines of Chinese patent medicines than the evidence-based method. However, there remain problems in the application of the expert consensus method. This study proposed a derivative expert consensus method--a method for formulating clinical practice guidelines of common Chinese patent medicines based on clinical practices, and introduced the method in terms of research thought, methodology and implementation procedure.
Evidence-Based Medicine ; standards ; Humans ; Nonprescription Drugs ; standards

Objective　To investigate the actions of extra cellular medium in growth and differentiation of hair follicle and to look for growth adjusting factors for dermal papilla cells (DPC). Methods　Dermal papilla cells were isolated and cultivated with two steps method and the cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining for actin. Influence was examined on the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells by chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C and heparin sulfate. Results　Two steps method of enzyme digestion for isolating and cultivating dermal papilla cells was an efficient method and large amount of dermal papilla of high purity were harvested with this method. The method is very simple and easy to manege with. Increased adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells were observed in specimen treated with chondroitin A and heparin sulfate. No significant effects was observed in the cells treated with chondroit in sulfate C. Conclusion　Some extra cellular medium can regulate the adhesion and growth of dermal papilla cells and therefore influence the growth and development of hair follicle.

Objective To conduct Meta analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) on warm acupuncture treatment on lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion (LIDP); To provide references for evidence-based medicine of this disease.Methods Articles about warm acupuncture treatment for LIDP clinical randomized controlled trials in CNKI, Wanfang database, Chonging Wepu, CBM, OubMed, Cochrane Library, and Emnase were retrieved by computer. The retrieval range was from the database establishing to March, 2017. According to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.2.0 Bias risk assessment tool, included articles were under quality evaluation. Revman5.2 software was used to carry out Meta analysis, and TSAv0.9 software was used to conduct TSA.Results Ten articles were included, involving 1035 cases. Meta analysis showed that the total effective rates of warm acupuncture treatment for LIDP [95％CI (2.43, 5.40),Z=6.31,P<0.00001], pain index [95％CI (-1.05, -0.58),Z=6.77,P<0.00001], lumbar function [95％CI (2.56, 8.61),Z=3.62,P=0.0003] were better than other therapies, with statistical significance. Funnels included in the study suggest publication bias. TSA results suggested that the total efficiency and pain index Meta analysis results of this study were reliable.Conclusion Warm acupuncture treatment for LIDP has confirmed efficacy, with certain advantages. However, the literature included is not with good quality, so more large sample, multicenter, methodological RCTs are needed for further validation.

OBJECTIVETo analyze hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum and clinical character- istics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by Polygonum multiflorum and its preparations.

METHODSA retrospective study was performed in 158 patients treated at 302 Military Hospital between January 2009 and January 2014. All of them had used Polygonum multiflorum and its preparations before the onset of DILI, and their clinical characteristics and prognoses were analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 158 DILI patients who used Polygonum multiflorum or its preparations, 92 (58.2%) combined with Western medicine or Chinese herbal preparations without Polygonum multiflorum; 66 patients (41.8%) used Polygonum mult florum and its preparations alone. In 66 DILI patients induced by Polygonum multiflorum or its preparations alone, 51 cases (77.3%) were induced by Polygonum multiflorum compounds and 22.7% by single Po- lygonum multiflorum; 4 cases (6.1%) were caused by crude Polygonum multiflorum and 62 (93.9%) by processed Polygonum multiflorum and its preparations. Clinical injury patterns were hepatocellular 92.4% (61 cases), cholestatic 1.5% (1 case), and mixed 6.1% (4 cases). Pathological examination was per- formed by liver biopsy in 32 cases (48.15%), manifested as hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, fibroplasia, Kupffer cells with pigment granule, and a large number of eosinophil infiltration, were ob- served. Four patients were developed into liver failure, 4 into cirrhosis, and 1 died.

CONCLUSIONPolygo- num multiflorum and its preparations could induce DILI, but clinical diagnosis of Polygonum multiflorum induced hepatotoxicity should be cautious.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; diagnosis ; Cholestasis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Fallopia multiflora ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Failure ; Plant Preparations ; adverse effects ; Polygonum ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of CD19 on childhood acute leukemia (AL) and its significance, and to provide evidence for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as monoclonal antibody-targeting treatment of leukemia.

METHODSThere were 210 cases of childhood AL, of which 130 cases were male and 80 were female with a mean age of 9 years old. Using a panel of 27 fluorochrome directly labeled monoclonal antibodies, 210 samples from the patients were analyzed with CD45/SSC double parameters and multi-color flow cytometry to determine the expression of CD19.

RESULTSIn the 93 cases of B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the positive rate (98.9%, 92/93) of CD19 was significantly higher than that of the other B cell related antigens, such as CD10 (88.2%, 82/93, P = 0.003), CD20 (24.7%, 23/93, P = 0.001) and CD22 (60.2%, 56/93, P = 0.001). CD19 was expressed on all 8 cases of B/myeloid (My) hybrid acute leukemia (HAL) and 1 case of B/T HAL, but was not expressed on all 24 cases of T lineage leukemia and 5 cases of T/My HAL. In the 79 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), only 5 (6.3%) cases expressed CD19. The positive rate (6.3%) of CD19 on AML was significantly lower than that on B lineage ALL (98.9%, P = 0.001). The percentage of CD19 positive cells in B/My HAL (41.6% - 88.7% with a mean of 73.8%) was significant higher than that in CD19(+)-AML (21.4% - 50.4% with a mean of 24.2%; Run Sum test, P = 0.0084). Of the 210 cases, 102 were B lineage related AL including B lineage ALL, B/My HAL and B/T HAL. In B lineage related AL, the sensitivity and the specificity of CD19 was 99.0% (101/102) and 95.4% (13/108) while the positive predictive and the negative predictive values to B lineage were 95.3% (101/106) and 99.0% (103/104), respectively. Using CD19(+) as a single reagent to diagnose B lineage, the false positive rate was 4.6% (5/108) and the false negative rate was 1.0% (1/102) with a general diagnosis index (GDI) of 94.4% [GDI = 1-(false positive rate + false negative rate)].

CONCLUSIONCD19 is continuously and stably expressed on all stages of B lineage differentiation. It is a reliable cell membrane marker for diagnosing B lineage ALL and an ideal target for antibody-targeting treatment of leukemia as well; the expression degree of CD19 can be used to distinguish B/My HAL from CD19(+)-AML; CD19 didn't express on normal myeloid cells but did on some AML cells. Therefore it can be used to detect the minimal residual disease.

Adolescent ; Antigens, CD19 ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; classification ; immunology

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause of pediatric liver disease; however, the data on DILI are remarkably limited. METHODS: All 69 children hospitalized with DILI between January 2009 and December 2011 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: A total of 37.7% of the children had medical histories of respiratory infection. The clinical injury patterns were as follows: hepatocellular 89.9%, cholestatic 2.9%, and mixed 7.2%. Liver biopsies from 55 children most frequently demonstrated chronic (47.3%) and acute (27.3%) hepatitis. Hypersensitivity features, namely, fever (31.9%), rash (21.7%), and eosinophilia (1.4%), were found. Twenty-four children (34.8%) developed chronic DILI. Antibiotics (26.1%) were the most common Western medicines (WMs) causing DILI, and the major implicated herbs were Ephedra sinica and Polygonum multiflorum. Compared with WM, the children whose injuries were caused by Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) showed a higher level of total bilirubin (1.4 mg/dL vs 16.6 mg/dL, p=0.004) and a longer prothrombin time (11.8 seconds vs 17.3 seconds, p=0.012), but they exhibited less chronic DILI (2/15 vs 18/39, p=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of DILI in children are caused by antibiotics or CHM used to treat respiratory infection and present with hepatocellular injury. Compared with WM, CHM is more likely to cause severe liver injury, but liver injury caused by CHM is curable.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Bilirubin/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/blood/*etiology/pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Prothrombin Time ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*complications/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVESTo review the preliminary clinical experience with high-field-strength intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) suite with neuronavigation system in the pituitary adenoma operation with transsphenoidal approach.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to December 2010, 31 patients [range, 29 - 76 years, mean age (47 ± 11) years]of pituitary adenoma were operated with transsphenoidal approach and intraoperatively with a movable 1.5 T high-field-strength iMRI suite in combination with neuronavigation system. Tumor size was 1.8 - 7.3 cm, mean (3.5 ± 1.2) cm. Twenty-five cases were non-functional pituitary adenoma, 4 cases were prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma, 2 cases were growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. Thirty patients' resection with transnasal transsphenoidal approach were performed, one patient with transoral transsphenoidal approach was performed.

RESULTSIn 12 cases of 30 patients who planed to totally remove tumor, iMRI had revealed residual lesions and resulted in the change of the surgical strategy, 2 invasive cavernous sinus cases no further resection of the tumor because of internal carotid artery encasement, the other 10 cases resected further, eventually. Finally, 8 cases were totally removed. The ratio of total removal tumor was enhanced to 86.7% (26/30) from 60.0% (18/30). There was no perioperative mortality.

CONCLUSIONSHigh-field-strength iMRI suite with neuronavigation system provides valuable information of tumor resection that allows intraoperative modification of the surgical strategy. It could be very helpful to maximize the resection of the pituitary adenoma and minimize the injury to neurological function.

Adenoma ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Cavernous Sinus ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; Neuronavigation ; methods ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; surgery