Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of pulsed ultrasound on skeletal muscle fibrosis after injury.Methods Thirty elderly male rats with gastrocnemius muscle injury were divided into an ultrasound group (UG) and a control group (CG) using a random number table.The injured muscles in the UG were treated using pulsed ultrasound (frequency 1 MHz,average strength 40 mW/cm2,duty cycle 20％) for 10 min daily from day 3 after the injury.The CG was given no treatment.On days 3,7,14,21 and 28 after the injury,histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the gastrocnemius muscles of both groups were performed.Results The collagen fiber mean optical density of the muscles increased gradually after the injury and reached its peak on day 21.It was significantly lower in the UG than in the CG on each test day.The expression of α-SMA increased gradually after the injury,but it too remained significantly lower in UG than that in CG.Conclusion Pulsed ultrasound may reduce collagen formation and α-SMA expression in injured skeletal muscle,and then inhibit muscle fibrosis.

AimTo investigate the protective effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) from the Chinese cobra venom on spinal neurons after sciatic nerve lesion. Methods Fourty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups each containing 20 animals. After surgical crush lesion on the bilateral sciatic nerve, the rats were injected NGF into the target muscle every day. On the d 5 and d 10 after operation, enzyme histochemistry technique was used to show acetycholinesterase(AchE) activity of the motoneurons in L5～S2 spinal cord anterior hornandfluorideresistantacidphophatase (FRAP) activity of substantia gelatinosa in L5～ S2 spinal cord posterior horn. The activity of enzyme was analysed with computer image analysis system. Results Compared with the control group, the activity of FRAP in NGF group was higher on the d 5 and d 10 after operation and the activity of AchE in NGF group was higher on the d 10 after operation. ConclusionIt is demonstrated that NGF could protect the mononeurons in spinal cord anterior horn and the sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia after axotomy.

The diabetes is mainly treated by the oral administration of western medicines at present. Despite their rapid curative effect, there have been still many reports for the western medicines about their clinical adverse reactions, failure of effective prevention and treatment of complications and drug resistance. Hence, they are not suitable for long-term administration. Traditional Chinese medicines have a long history in treating diabetes mellitus (DM) , which is commonly known as Xiaokezheng in the theory of traditional Chinese medicines. In recent years, many scholars have taken extracts from traditional Chinese medicines or separated active constituents as the study objects in the expectation of developing new-type drugs for treating and preventing diabetes. Therefore, a large number of study reports have been emerged in this field. Due to their significant glucose-reducing effect and specific effect in treating complications of diabetes, traditional Chinese medicine Gardeniae Fructus and its iridoid component geniposide shall be given full attention. This paper summarized the advance in studies on the curative effect and action mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus and geniposide in preventing and treating diabetes.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

Objective To explore any effect of calorie restriction on the proliferation of satellite cells in the skeletal muscles of elderly rats.Methods Twelve male C57BL rats aged 12 or 13 months were randomly divided in to an experimental group and a control group,each of 6.The control group was fed 75.09 kJ/d as normal,while the experimental group was provided with 45.05 kJ/d (60％ of normal).The intervention lasted for 15 weeks and each rat's weight was measured every week.After the intervention,limb muscle satellite cells were sorted by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting after digestion,and the cell cycle was analyzed.Western blotting was used to assess the expression of cyclin A,D1 and E.Results There was no significant difference in the average weight of the two groups before the experiment.After the 15 weeks the average weight of the experimental group had decreased significantly (to 19.5±0.4 g),and it was significantly lighter than that of the control group (31.9±0.5 g).The average percentage of the satellite cells in the G0/G1 phase had decreased significantly in the experimental group,but the percentage in the S phase had increased significantly.The expression of cyclin A and E was significantly greater in the experimental group compared with the control group,but the expression of cyclin D1 had decreased significantly.Conclusion Caloric restriction can delay the proliferation of satellite cells in the skeletal muscles of elderly mice.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pulsed ultrasound at different intensities on the healing of standardized contusions in an animal model. Methods Forty-eight 3-month-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given experimental contusions of the right gastrocnemius muscle before being divided into four groups randomly ( n =12 in each group): (1) a muscle injury control group (muscle injury without treatment); (2) a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound (0.25 W/cm2 ) group; (3) a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound ( 0.5W/cm2 ) group; and (4)a muscle injury and pulsed ultrasound ( 0.75 W/cm2 ) group. Pulsed ultrasound treatment ( frequency 3 mega Hz)was started 24 hours post injury and delivered 5 min daily for 14 days on the injured right hindlimb. At days 4, 7 and 14 after injury, muscle samples were analyzed through hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for the detection of muscle satellite cells and desmin. Results The average optical density (IOD) of desmin-positive mononucleated cells had increased significantly at days 4, 7 and 14 post injury in the treatment groups compared to the control group, but with no statistically significant difference among the 3 ultrasound treatment groups. Conclusions The pulsed ultrasound treatment played a beneficial role in skeletal muscle regeneration after contusion. There was no significant dose-dependent effect over the intensity range of 0.25-0.75 W/cm2.

Cutaneous Fistula ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To evaluate the early effects of bone cement prostheses versus cementless prostheses in very elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.Methods A total of 110 patients aged 70 years and over who had undergone hip replacement because of hip disease from March 2011 to March 2013 were selected.104 cases were followed up for 3 years,with 46 cases treated with the bone cement prostheses(Group A) and 58 cases with cementless prostheses(Group B).The conditions before and after surgery were recorded.Postoperative Harris scores were collected to evaluate the function of the hip joint,and the loosening of hip prostheses was detected by x-ray.Results Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume were lower in Group A than in Group B [(236.0±26.3) ml vs.(296.0±34.5) m1,(123.0±20.3) ml vs.(156.0±26.4) ml,both P ＜0.05].Harris scores before,6 months,1,2 and 3 years after surgery were(40.2±7.2),(80.3±5.2),(90.2±4.5),(90.6±4.2),and(90.8±3.5) in Group A,and(39.8±6.3),(76.5±8.7),(86.5±5.1),(89.3± 4.8),and(91.0± 4.1) in Group B,respectively.Harris scores 6 months and 1 year after surgery were higher in Group A than in Group B,and there was no significant difference in Harris scores between the two groups 2 and 3 years after surgery(P＞0.05).Pain scores before,6 months,1,2 and 3 years after surgery were(13.5± 5.3),(37.5± 6.2),(38.4±5.3),(39.1 ±2.5) and(39.0±2.1) in Group A and(12.9±6.2),(30.2±8.7),(35.9±6.5),(38.6±4.8) and(39.2±2.6) in Group B,respectively.Pain scores 1 year after surgery was better in Group A than in Group B,and there was no significant difference in pain scores between the two groups 2 and 3 years after surgery(P＞0.05).Bone cement implantation syndrome occurred in 6 cases in Group A,of which 1 case had respiratory and cardiac arrest and was successfully rescued after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.In addition,in Group A,1 case had osteolytic disease 2 years after surgery,and,in Group B,4 cases had proximal femoral fractures and 1 case had osteolytic disease 3 years after surgery.Conclusions For very elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement,satisfactory early therapeutic effects can be achieved by using bone cement or cementless prostheses.Intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage volume and Harris scores 1 year after surgery are better with bone cement prostheses than with cementless prostheses.Close attention should be paid to possible development of bone cement implantation syndrome during operation.

Objective:To observe the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) at different intensities on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors in C2C12 myoblasts, and to explore the potential mechanism by which LIPUS promotes the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.Methods:C2C12 myoblasts cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a control group and U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups. The control group received sham LIPUS exposure, while the U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups were exposed to LIPUS at intensities of 0.1W/cm 2, 0.3W/cm 2 or 0.5W/cm 2 respectively, and 1MHz for 5 min daily for 5 days. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assays. Fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were used to detect the mRNA expression of adiponectin, adiponectin receptor 1 (adipoR1) and T-cadherin in the cells. Western blotting was employed to assess the protein expression of adiponectin, adipoR1, T-cadherin, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), activated phosphorylated adenylate-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC) and myogenin (MYOG). The differentiation ability of the 4 groups was measured using cell immunofluorescence chemistry. Results:After the intervention the cell viability in the U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups was significantly higher than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the average mRNA expression of adiponectin and the receptors of adipoR1 and T-cadherin were up-regulated significantly in the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups. The average adiponectin, adipoR1 and T-cadherin protein expressions, and the AMPK phosphorylation level in the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups had increased significantly compared with the control group, but all were significantly lower than in the U 0.3 group. The average protein expression of eMHC and MYOG, and the C2C12 myoblast fusion indices of the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups were significantly higher the control group′s averages. Conclusions:LIPUS can promote the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. It is most effective at 0.3W/cm 2, administered for 5min/d at 1MHz with a 20% duty cycle. Its regulatory mechanism may be related to up-regulation of the expression of adiponectin, the adipoR1 and T-cadherin receptors, and the activation of AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myoblasts.

Abstract： Objective　To analyze the changes of cytokine levels in patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Methods　The clinical data of 213 pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2019 to October 2020 were collected, and divided into a sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis group and a drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis group, of which 141 were in the sensitive group and 72 in the drug-resistant group , and the pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and IL-4 in plasma before treatment, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were compared. Results　Compared with the healthy group, the levels of plasma IL-6 in the sensitive group and the resistant group were significantly increased, difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the sensitive group were increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of IL-6 and IL-4 in the plasma of the sensitive group after 6 months of treatment were lower than those after 3 months of treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and IFN-γ was significantly decreased (P<0.001). After 6 months of treatment, the IL-10 content was lower than that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the IFN-γ decreased significantly (P<0.000 1). The levels of IFN-γ at 3 months were higher than those in the resistant group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). After 6 months of treatment, there was no significant difference in the content of IFN-γ between the sensitive group and the resistant group. The effective rate of CT absorption was 70% in the sensitive group and only 43.33% in the resistant group at 3 months of treatment, and there was no significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups after 6 months of treatment. Conclusions　Detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma can provide reference for host-directed therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. Understanding this important feature of cytokines on pathogen-host interactions can provide new insights into the study of virulence mechanisms and may provide new approaches for immune intervention in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of fire needle versus Western medicine in the treatment of herpes zoster. Methods:Randomized controlled trials comparing fire needle with Western medicine in the treatment of herpes zoster were identified using 8 databases. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results:Eight trials involving 569 patients were included in this meta-analysis, and the results showed that fire needle was superior to Western medicine comparing the effective rate [risk ratio (RR)=1.13, 95％ confidence interval (CI): 1.06 to 1.20;P=0.0002], the visual analog scale (VAS) score [mean difference(MD)=–7.95, 95％ CI: –10.71 to –5.20;P<0.00001], time of pain disappearance (MD=–7.61, 95％CI: –9.38 to –5.84;P<0.00001), time of blister-stop (MD=–1.34, 95％CI: –1.51 to –1.18;P<0.00001), time of crusted scab (MD=–2.92, 95％CI: –3.62 to –2.23;P<0.00001), and time of scab off (MD=–4.64, 95％CI: –5.83 to –3.46;P<0.00001). In addition, a significantly lower incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was found in the fire needle group in 30 d (RR=0.23, 95％CI: 0.11 to 0.51;P=0.0002) and 60 d (RR=0.33, 95％CI: 0.12 to 0.91; P=0.03) after treatment. Conclusion:Fire needle has a favorable effect in increasing the effective rate, relieving pain, recovering skin lesions and decreasing incidence of postherpetic neuralgia in the treatment of herpes zoster. However, considering the limitations in this study, the findings should be interpreted cautiously.