Objective To find out whether Shanghai residents have mastered the knowledge related to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),and how they choose different kind of salt.Methods Residents were selected by stratified random sampling from all 18 districts(counties) of Shanghai in 2010.Simple random sampling was used at the first level; random function was used at the second level to produce the last 4 numbers of a phone number.People who own the number were selected to be called.Results Totally 219 people completed the investigation.49.3％ (108/219) of the residents only selected iodized salt,and 25.6％(56/219) choose non-iodized salt; 6.8％ (15/219) selected both,and 18.3％ (40/219) don't care.About the reason of choosing iodized salt,25.9％ (28/108) thought it can prevent IDD,6.5％ (7/108) thought it's good to children's intelligence.About the reason of choosing non-iodized salt,35.7％ (20/56) thought they were not iodine deficiency,17.9％ (10/56) thought Shanghai was not an IDD epidemic region.Among the 126 people who had heard of iodine deficiency disorders,7.1％ (9/126) believed that iodine deficiency disorders can lead to varying degrees of mental impairment,65.1％ (82/126) thought it can lead to endemic goiter; 45.2％(57/126) thought eating iodized salt and 33.3％ (42/126) thought eating kelp and laver can prevent IDD.58％(127/219) had no idea of IDD and/or its hazards.Conclusions The resident's knowledge on iodine deficiency disorders is not satisfactory.We should make more effort in health education and help people to choose salt reasonably.

Objective To evaluate the role of early growth response gene1 (Egr-1) in liver injury in taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis rat model. Methods Twenty-four male rats were divided into 4 groups. Egr-1 immunohistochemistry staining and pancreatic pathologic scoring were assessed, and the serum levels of AST, LDH, TNF-? and IL-1 ? were measured. Egr-1 mRNA levels of primary hepatocyte culture stimulated with TNF-? and pretreated primary hepatocytes with PD98059 followed by TNF-? stimulation were also observed. Results Egr-1 expression of liver correlated with degree of liver injury in acute pancreatitis in rat, and high Egr-1 mRNA expression of primary hepatocyte was observed when hepatocyte injury occurred. After pretreated with PD98059, TNF-?-stimulated hepatocytes showed a lower level of Egr-1 mRNA compared with hepatocytes without pretreatment. Conclusions Egr-1 may play an important role in liver injury in acute pancreatitis, and this effect depended partly upon extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway.

Informed consent is the important thesis in life ethics and life law,which gives the patients and experimenters the right of self-decision making on medical procedures and experiments.As the development of public health and public health ethics,informed consent has been paid more attention,especially on informed consent problems in epidemiology and public health practice.The requirement of informed consent varies in different research fields.According to different practice purposes,the researchers choose relevant applicable methods.

Objective To investigate the expression of netrin-1 in placenta from patients with pre- eclampsia and the relation to placental angiogenesis.Methods Twenty patients with pre-eclampsia(12 mild cases and 8 severe cases)and 20 normal late pregnant women were investigated.The expression of netrin-1 mRNA and protein was determined with RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.The placenta vascular density was examined by immunohistochemical F8 staining.Results (1)The values of netrin-1 mRNA in normal group and pre-eclampsia groups were 0.51?0.08 and 0.41?0.06;The values of netrin- 1 protein in normal group and pre-eclampsia groups were 26.4?1.8 and 20.5?1.3(P

Objective To investigate the effects of epigenetic drugs on 2D- and 3D-cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods In this study,we have built compact and round TFK-1 spheroid in poly-HEMA coated 96-well plate and determined the effects of epigenetical drugs on 2D and 3D cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells:TFK-1.Viability of 2D and 3D cells model was examined by WST assay and FDA/PI staining. Using methylation-specific PCR analysis,we demonstrated the changes of methylation status of promoters regarding three tumor suppressor genes APC,E-Cadherin,and p16 INK4A.Results The average diameters of compact and round TFK-1 spheroids were in the range of 350-400 μm.The TFK-1 spheroid cells were more resistant to the epigenetic drugs and demonstrated a 11.2155-fold higher IC50 values for hydralazine and valproic acid than the same cells grown as monolayer. Higher doses of epigenetic drugs were needed to reverse the hypermethylation status in 3D cultured cells than 2D cells; however,the parallel dosage - dependent characteristic did not show in the 3D spheroid group.Conclusions Taken together,we established a 3D culture model of human cholangiocarcinoma epithelial spheroid.The 3D spheroid cells are more complex than the 2D monolayer cells and their unique characteristics are able to affect the consequences of epigenetic therapy.The 3D spheroid is a promising model for the research of epigenetic therapy.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Free Radical Scavengers ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

To study whether the development of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy is associated with -308G-->A, -850C-->T mutation at promoter of TNF-alpha gene, the -308G-->A, -850C-->T polymorphism was examined in patients and healthy pregnant women by PCR-RFLP technique. The frequencies of genotype and allele were compared between the two groups. The results showed that with -308G-->A polymorphism distribution, the allele frequency of TNF2 and the frequency of the genotype TNF2/1 in the patient group was significantly higher in the patient group than in control group (P<0.05). A significant difference in genotype distribution of -850C-->T polymorphism was observed between the two groups. The allele frequencies of T in patient group was higher in the control group as compared with the patient group. The frequencies of CT and TT genotypes were lower in the patient group. It is concluded that the TNF2 allele of -308 is associated with the occurrence of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, while T allele of -850 may be the protective factor against the development of the disease. TNF2/1 CC may be susceptibility genotype of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.
Case-Control Studies ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/*genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*genetics ; Young Adult

Fibroblast Growth Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphorus ; metabolism

The efficacy of antineoplastic drugs in cancer treatment is often hampered by drug resistance of tumor cells, which is usually caused by abnormal gene expression. The formation mechanism of multidrug resistance is very complex. Conventional drugs or gene therapy usually only aim at a specific drug target, so it is difficult to effectively control the complex signaling pathways of drug-resistant cells. The co-delivery of small RNA (siRNA ormiRNA) and anti-tumor drugs with nanocarriers can maximize the synergistic effect, and reverse the multidrug resistance of tumor cells by silencing some related proteins. This review summarizes the mechanisms and advantages of the combination therapies involving RNA and antineoplastic drugs, in vitro and in vivo evaluation, as well as the recent advances in the co-delivery nanocarriers for these agents.

Objective To optimize the formulation ratio and preparation process of galactosylated cantharidin liposome (Lac-CTD- lips) and establish its methodology for content determination. Methods The method of determination of GC-MS cantharidin content was established by film dispersion method. The entrapment efficiency of cantharidin was evaluated as an index. The preparation process of Lac-CTD-lips was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. Its surface characteristics, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and Zeta potential were also investigated. Results The best prescription was as follow: cantharidin: hydrogenated soya lecithin:cholesterol at 1:20:5, 10% galactoside, film-forming at 50 ℃, film cleaning with 30 mL of PBS solution of pH 6.0, and hydartion at 40 ℃ for 1.5 h. The resulting liposomes exhibited a pale blue opalescent appearance, a spherical particle morphology, and a more rounded surface with no adhesion. The average particle size was (123.9 ± 4.8) nm (n = 3), the particle size distribution was single-peak, the zeta potential was (-0.36 ± 0.81) mV (n = 3), and the encapsulation efficiency was over 75%. Conclusion GC-MS is suitable for the determination and analysis of cantharidin content. The optimal preparation technology from orthogonal experiment is stable and reliable. The obtained liposomes have higher encapsulation efficiency, small particle size, and good appearance.