Objective To observe the effects of comprehensive measures of changing grain,selenium supplementation,off-site education and resettlement on prevention of children's Kashin-Beck disease in Aba state.Methods Fifty eight villages in Aba Kashin-Beck disease areas were chosen as intervention points in Aba state Sichuan province from 2007 to 2011.Based on the implementation of prevention and control measures,the villages were divided into off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group and resettlement + off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group,Geletuo town of Seda county,Ganzi state was selected as a control point,and right-hand anteroposterior X-ray examination(including the wrist) was carried out on children aged 6-13 from 2007 to 2011 annually.Clinical and X-ray diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease was made in accordance with the Diagnostic Criteria of Kaschin-Beck Disease(GB 16003-1995).The effects of prevention and control measures were evaluated by comparing the child X-ray detection rate before and after the implementation of the measures.Results The average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in the intervention points was 2.07％(66/3181),2.72％ (69/2540),1.16％ (35/3017),0.56％ (19/3397) and 0.56％ (24/4273),respectively from 2007 to 2011,with a downward trend (x2trend =66.74,P ＜ 0.01).There was a downward trend in the average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group [1.60％(29/1809),2.63％ (39/1484),1.29％ (25/1941),0.64％ (15/2332),0.42％ (10/2379)] and resettlement + off-site education + changing grain + selenium supplementation group [2.70％ (37/1372),2.84％ (30/1056),0.93％(10/1076),0.38％ (4/1065),0.74％(14/1894)] (x2trend=30.97,35.19,all P ＜ 0.01).The average X-ray positive detectable rate of children in the intervention group was 0 from 2007 to 2010,and was 1.61％ (1/62) in 2011.The difference of X-ray positive detectable rate was not statistically significant in the control group in the 5 years from 2007 to 2011.The difference of children's X-ray positive detectable rate was not statistically significant between control group and intervention group.Conclusions The effect of taking changing grain,selenium supplementation,off-site education and resettlement comprehensive measures to prevent children's Kashin-Beck disease is not significant in those places where the state of Kaschin-Beck disease is not active.

BACKGROUNDHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranked the second among the causes of cancer mortality in China since the 1990s. Up to now, medication still plays an important role in the treatment of HCC. The therapies based on the allicin as a potential chemopreventive analog although is in its infancy at the present time, may have a significant role in the future management of HCC. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a natural compound derived from garlic. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of hepatic targeted polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles of diallyl trisulfide (DATS-PBCA-NP) on orthotopic transplanted HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.

METHODSDATS-PBCA-NP were detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The orthotopic transplantation HCC models were established by implanting HCC HepG2 xenograft bits under the envelope of the mice liver. Successful models (n = 29) were divided into 4 groups: normal saline (NS), empty nanoparticles (EN), DATS and DATS-PBCA-NP were intravenously administered to the mice respectively for 2 weeks. In vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated by the measurement of tumor volume. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and protein levels of apoptosis and cell proliferation proteins by immunoblotting in tumor tissues were performed to elucidate the possible mechanism.

RESULTSDATS-PBCA-NP possessed smooth and round appearance, dispersed well, and released in vitro in accord with double phase kinetics model. DATS-PBCA-NP changed the tissue/organ distribution of DATS in vivo. The successful rate of tumor implantation was 100%. Intravenous administration of DATS-PBCA-NP significantly retarded the growth of orthotopically transplanted hepatoma in BALB/c nude mice (compared with the other three groups, all P < 0.05) without causing weight loss (P > 0.05). TUNEL staining showed that the tumors from DATS-PBCA-NP treated mice exhibited a markedly higher apoptotic index compared with control tumors. Western blot analysis of tumor tissue revealed that the down-regulated expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-2 proteins in DATS-PBCA-NP group, and there were no significant differences in the expression of Fas, FasL and Bax proteins among the four groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDATS-PBCA-NP has good prolonged release effect in vivo and hepatic-targeted activity, and significant anti-tumor effect on the orthotopic transplantation HCC model in mice in association with the suppression of proliferation and the induction of apoptosis of tumor cells. These advantages are probably due to their liver targeting characteristics and consequently bring a higher anti-tumor activity.

Allyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Enbucrilate ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Sulfides ; administration & dosage ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Objective To evaluate the economic effect of new strategy for preventing poliomyelitis in Zhejiang Province. Methods Based on the population of Zhejiang Province in 2016, cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) , benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and net benefit (NB) were applied to calculate the health economic difference for the new strategy and the original strategy as compared to no vaccination strategy. Univariate sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of results with main parameters; including burdens of poliomyelitis, cost of vaccines, and the vaccination program itself, and the discount rate. Results CERdisease, CERdeath, BCR and NB for the new strategy were 1:52700 RMB Yuan per case, 1:1813700 RMB Yuan per case, 12.26 and 796.6622 million and CERdisease, CERdeath, BCR and NB for the original strategy were 1 :32900 RMB Yuan per case, 1 :1133900 RMB Yuan per case, 19.58 and 823.1753 million, respectively. The results of the univariate sensitivity analysis with main parameters were robust. Conclusion The new strategy for preventing poliomyelitis is necessary for this period of the global polio eradication. Though the new strategy appears not as good as the original strategy on economic evaluation, its health economic benefit is significant.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide on renin-angiotensin system of offspring rats.

METHODSSix pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The rats in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group were treated with LPS 0.79 mg/kg (i.p.) on the 8th, 10th and 12th day of gestation, and rats in the control group were treated with saline at the same time points. The blood pressure of offspring rats was measured by the tail cuff method. Protein expression of Angiotensin II (AngII) in thoracic aorta vessel was determined by immunohistochemistry. Protein expressions of AngII type 1 and type 2 receptor in thoracic aorta vessel were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSBlood pressure of 12-week-old offspring rats of LPS group was significantly higher than that of 12-week-old offspring rats of control group (P < 0.01). The protein expression of AngII and AngII type 1 receptor in thoracic aorta vessel were significantly higher while protein expression of AngII type 2 receptor was lower in 15-week-old offspring rats of LPS group than in control group, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of AngII type 1 receptor/AngII type 2 receptor in the aorta at 15-week-old of offspring rats than in 15-week-old offspring rats of control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPrenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure results vascular renin-angiotensin system dysfunction, which may play an important role on the pathogenesis of hypertension development in offspring rats.

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Hypertension ; etiology ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; drug effects

In order to explore the transfection and expression of hRI gene on human umbilical blood stem cells, and observe it's effect on the tumor growth. After enriching human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells with a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system (MACS), transfected them with supernatant of retrovirus containing human Ribonuclease inhibitor (hRI) cDNA. Hematopoietic progenitor clonogenic assay and PCR were used to evaluate transfection efficiency, and Western-blot and immune fluorescence were used to evaluate the expression quantity of hRI gene after transfection. Observe the effect of RI on the growth of melonoma in B16C57BL mice. The results showed that human umbilical blood CD34+ cells were highly purified by MACS, which made the purity of human umbilical blood CD34+ cells average 96.15%. hRI can be transfected on umbilical blood CD34+ cells, and the transfection efficiency was 35%. The positive expression of hRI gene on transfected CD34+ cells is identified by Western-blot and immune fluorescence assay. Mice injected with transfected CD34+ cells show a significant restraint of the tumor growth, a lower efficiency of tumor formation, a lower weight of the tumor and a longer incubation period of tumor formation with respect to the control groups. The results demonstrated the capacity of RI to inhibited the tumor growth by blocking the vasculature in tumor.
Animals ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Genetic Therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Melanoma ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The study was aimed to explore whether there are leukemic characteristics in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) from leukemic patients as compared with normal controls. The mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of normal volunteers and patients with APL and CML were isolated, then cultured and proliferated in vitro. The morphology, growth curve and cell surface markers of two different sources mesenchymal stem cells were investigated for detecting whether the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from leukemia patients have the specific abnormal fusion gene of leukemia cells through fluorescent in situ hybridization. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the mesenchymal stem cells derived from different subjects, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from leukemia patients did not have the clonal malignant fusion gene as seen in the leukemia cells. Taken altogether, mesenchymal stem cells derived from leukemia patients had no biological differences as compared with those from normal volunteers, and no malignant clonal abnormality was found. It is concluded that mesenchymal stem cells derived from leukemia patients as an alternative vehicle may be used for assistant of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or cell therapy and gene therapy.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; pathology ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics

Objective To examine the expression of CD93 in serous exosomes from patients with cryptococcal meningitis,fur-ther explore its clinical significance.Methods The 38 experimental serum samples were from patients who received the diag-nosis with cryptococcal meningitis in Changhai Hospital and Changzheng Hospital in Shanghai from November 2012 to De-cember 2016.The diagnosis standardization was that the cerebrospinal fluid dyeing was positive or the culturing was posi-tive.The 38 controls were collected from the health individuals examined at the same time.The exosomes in serum was sepa-rated by the ultracentrifuge method.Magnetic bead-capture combined with the flow cytometry method was used to identify antigens on the surface of exosomes.The protein level of cytokines in serum was quantified by ELISA method.The compari-son of tested values from experimental and controlled groups was measured by two independent samples't test,and the cor-relation between two variates was showed by Pearson coefficient.Results The results of flow cytometry showed that the ex-pression of CD93 on exosomes in the serum samples from experimental group was higher than that in the controlled group, which was(79.11±19.31 vs 23.98±6.56)%,with difference in statistics(t=16.66,P<0.000 1).The expression levels of IFN-γin serum samplefrom experimental and control groups were(39.78±10.77 vs 58.98±16.99)pg/ml,with differ-ence in statistics(t=5.884,P<0.000 1).The expression levels of IL-17 in serum sample from experimental and control groups were(16.32±4.03 vs 3.11±0.87)pg/ml,with difference in statistics(t=19.75,P<0.000 1).The expression lev-els of IL-1β in serum sample from experimental and control groups were(57.12 ± 12.98 vs 13.45 ± 4.78)pg/ml,with difference in statistics(t=19.46,P<0.000 1).The percentage of CD93+exosomes was positively correlative with IFN-γ, IL-17,IL-1β(r=0.488,0.456,0.532,P<0.01)in serum samples from the experimental group and there was statistical difference.Conclusion In the disease process of cryptococcal meningitis,the expression of CD93 on exosomes might involve in the diseases'processes by affecting the CD4+T cells.

OBJECTIVETo identify the genotype and clades of hantavirus (HV) in Zhejiang province.

METHODSThe partial S and M segment of the HV in Zhejiang province were amplified with RT-PCR using genotype-specific primers, and then were sequenced and compared with other known hantaviruses.

RESULTSThe genotype of 11 strains were HTNV and other 7 strains were SEOV by homology and phylogenesis analysis, yet the clade distribution was significantly different among foci of Zhejiang with 5 clades of HTNV and 3 clades of SEOV. There also existed special clade of HTNV named ZNB-1, ZNB-2, A3 and of SEOV named Gou3, ZJ5. The homology of M segments of ZNB-1 and ZNB-2 with other HTNV clades were 69.7%-74.0% except Nc167, A3 with other HTNV clades were 73.6%-76.3% except B78.

CONCLUSIONZhejiang province is co-circulating with HTN and SEO. Say the least of the clades are 5 of HTNV and 3 of SEOV and there also existed special clade of HTNV and SEOV.

China ; Genotype ; Hantavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To evaluate the quality of the hepatitis B report data on a pilot surveillance in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2015.Methods Hepatitis B report data of 6 pilots in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2015 were extracted from national notifiable infectious disease reporting system,including reported cases of hepatitis B,classification of hepatitis B cases and supplementary card information etc. To evaluate the accuracy of hepatitis B classification,information of supplementary cards was used to make classification diagnose for hepatitis B.Results A total of 3214 hepatitis B cases were reported in 6 pilot surveillance counties in Zhejiang Province between 2013 and 2015. Excluded 32 duplicated cases within the year and between years,3182 hepatitis B cases were actually reported,hepatitis B cases repeated reporting rate was 1%. A total of 2717 hepatitis B cases were correctly classified,and the accuracy rate of classification was 85.39%,showing an increasing trend (P<0.05). The proportion of accurate classification of reported hepatitis B by referring to the results of positive time of HBsAg and ALT from the supplementary card were 80.86% and 97.29% respectively. Among those reported acute hepatitis B cases,90.43% of them filled with anti-HBc IgM positive in supplementary card. The proportion of accurate classification of reported hepatitis B by referring to the information for liver puncture and the HBsAg and anti-HBs transform during the recovery period in supplementary cards were 0.19% and 5.13% respectively. Among those reported acute hepatitis B cases,0.69% of them were chronic or undetermined. Among those reported chronic hepatitis B cases,13.92% of them were acute,undetermined or HPV carrier. Five out of 3182 cases were unclassified,accounting for 0.16%.Conclusion The quality of classification diagnosis for hepatitis B should be improved in Zhejiang Province. Filling in the supplementary card is very beneficial for the classification of hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain regression formula for estimation of stature in Han population in Sichuan Province from length of the upper extremity long bones by digital radiography. METHODS: The statures of 365 healthy adults and digital radiographs of their right upper extremity long bones were measured. All statistical dispositions were done in SPSS including description and regression analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven simple regression and 3 multiple regression formulae with statistic significance in estimation of the stature from the sum of the length of the upper extremity long bones were established. Regression coefficient was higher in ulna than in radius, in male than in female, and was more accurate in multiple regression formulae than in simple regression formulae. CONCLUSION Digital radiograph measurement of the length of the upper extremity long bones seems to be a simple and practical method to estimate human stature in forensic practice.
Adult ; Aged ; Anthropometry ; Asian People ; Body Height ; Female ; Forensic Anthropology/methods* ; Humans ; Humerus/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Radius/diagnostic imaging* ; Regression Analysis ; Sex Characteristics ; Ulna/diagnostic imaging* ; Young Adult