The disproportionately high prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) is associated with the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), which has been the predominant high-risk behavior of HIV acquisition and transmission. MSM have become a target population for HIV prevention. The aspects affecting the high-risk sexual behaviors of MSM mainly include personal factors, environmental factors, and social psychological factors. Currently widely applied models of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) behavioral intervention include KABP (knowledge, attitude, belief, and practice) model, health belief model, theory of reasoned action, social network theory, and so on. These theories provide a reference for studying various influential factors and elaborating the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors of MSM. Exploring and building the comprehensive model and integrating the influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors of MSM can help us to predict their ultimate actions in the future. Similarly, it will also provide ideas for the further preventions and interventions in MSM.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Myositis ; physiopathology

Background Chronic administration with inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (N_?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAME) induces persistent hypertension,cardiovascular remodeling,surrounding vascular fibrosis, necrosis and hypertrophy of myocardium,and inflammation in cardiovascular system.Local RAS involves in hyper- tension and remodeling of cardiovascular system,via increasing production of oxygen free radicals (OFR).Objec- tive To elucidate the preventive and therapeutic effect of antioxidant Ebselen and/or VitE on hypertensive heart damage in NO~- deficient rats induced by L-NAME.Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were administered with L- NAME 50 mg/(kg?d) by gavage for 8 weeks,and randomized to received a placebo(L),or Ebs(S,30 mg/kg?d), or VitE(V,40 mg/kg?d) or Ebs 30 mg/(kg?d)+VitE 40 mg/(kg?d),with 8 normal Wistar as control. Body mass and SBP were measured fortnightly.Plasma and homogenate of heart were collected for NO,Ang Ⅱ, GSH-PX,MDA and O_2~- determination.Results Eight weeks after L-NAME administration,SBP in experimental groups was obviously higher than that of control (P

Proper chromosome separation in both mitosis and meiosis depends on the correct connection between kinetochores of chromosomes and spindle microtubules.Kinetochore dysfunction can lead to unequal distribution of chromosomes during cell division and result in aneuploidy,thus kinetochores are critical for faithful segregation of chromosomes.Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is an important component of the inner kinetochore·plate.Multiple studies in mitosis have found that deficiencies in CENP-A could result in structural and functional changes of kinetochores,leading to abnormal chromosome segregation,aneuploidy and apoptosis in cells.Here we report the expression and function of CENP-A during mouse oocyte meiosis.Our study found that microinjection of CENP-A blocking antibody resulted in errors of homologous chromosome segregation and caused aneuploidy in eggs.Thus,our findings provide evidence that CENP-A is critical for the faithful chromosome segregation during mammalian oocyte meiosis.

Objective To identify the genotypes of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the First Affiliated Hospital,Shantou University Medical College.Methods The MICs of 10 antibiotics were determined by agar-dilution against the clinical isolates of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae.PCR were performed with specific primers for blaTEM,blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaOXA respectively.PCR products were cloned and sequenced.Results The results of PCR showed that a- mong the 83 strains of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,75 were positive for blaTEM,41 positive for blaSHV,25 poitive for blaCTX-M,9 positive for hlaOXA.Three genotypes were found in 13 strains(15.7%),2 genotypes in 59 strains (71.1%) and single genotype in only 11 strains(13.2%).The genes of CTX-M-3,TEM-1 and SHV were found co-existent in 9 strains. The strains carrying 2 or 3 ESBL genes were more resistant to antibiotics than those carrying only 1 ESBL gene.Conclusions The genotypes of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in this hospital are blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCTX-M and blaOXA. Most strains carry 2 or 3 ESBL genes.

This study was to investigate the effect of peoniflorin on the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream signal molecules in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats for exploring the mechanism of peoniflorin protecting hippocampal neurons. AD model rats were established by bilateral intrahippocampal injection of beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta(1-42)) and divided randomly into 3 groups: AD model group, peoniflorin low-dose (15 mg x kg(-1)) group and peoniflorin high-dose (30 mg x kg(-1)) group. The vehicle control rats were given bilateral intrahippocampal injection of solvent with the same volume. After peoniflorin or saline was administered (ip) once daily for 14 days, the hippocampuses of all animals were taken out for measuring the expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthethase (gamma-GCS) mRNA by reverse transcription PCR, determining the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (CP) using colorimetric method, and for assaying the expressions of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and Caspase-3 by immunohistochemical staining method. The results showed that peoniflorin markedly increased the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and gamma-GCS mRNA, enhanced the level of GSH and decreased the contents of MDA and CP in the hippocampus, as compared with the model group. Peoniflorin also improved the NAIP expression and reduced the Caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus neurons. In conclusion, peoniflorin protects against the Abeta(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress and hippocampal neuron injury in AD rats by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of therapy of tonifying kidney,activating bone-marrow, and unblocking collaterals for patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA), and to investigate its effect on thromboelastogram platelet maximum amplitude (Ma) value for exlporing its therapeutic mechanism. Methods Sixty CAA patients were randomized into trial group and control group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was given oral use of Stanozolol and Cyclosporin A, and the trial group was orally given the recipe with the actions of tonifying kidney,activating bone-marrow,and unblocking collaterals,which is mainly composed of Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Caulis Spatholobi,Semen Cuscutae,Fructus Lycii,Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Herba Ecliptae, Pheretima, and Semen Strychni Preparata. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment,and peripheral hemogram and thromboelastogram Ma value of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results (1)The trial group had better western medicine therapeutic effect and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)syndrome therapeutic effect than the control group, the difference being signficant (P < 0.01).(2) After treatment, TCM syndrome scores, parameters of blood routine test,thromboelastogram Ma value of the two groups were improved compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),and the improvement in the trial group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Therapy of tonifying kidney, activating bone-marrow, and unblocking collaterals is effective on improving blood coagulation function by increasing the quality and amount of platelet.

With high selectivity and potency, target protein degradation technology has recently emerged as a strategy for drug discovery and design. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) function as inducers for the degradation of target proteins and are a research focus in drug development. Current research on PROTAC mainly revolves around the rational design of PROTAC molecules, the discovery of new E3 ubiquitin ligase ligands and improvement in drug targeting. In this review, we focus on the PROTAC linker and its effects on the generation of the E3 enzyme-PROTAC-target protein ternary complex from three standpoints: length, binding site and chemical properties. We discuss the influences of the linker on the efficacy and the selectivity of PROTAC molecules.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZL).

METHODSThe clinical data, histologic findings and immunophenotype of 8 SMZL cases were studied. IgH gene rearrangement was performed in 1 case. Follow-up information was available in 4 patients.

RESULTSThe median age of the patients was 61.5 years (range: 36 to 75 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. All cases presented with massive splenomegaly. Five of six cases had abnormal blood counts: neutropenia and thrombocytopenia with two of them showing anemia. After splenectomy, the blood counts in 3/3 cases returned to normal levels. Post-operative fludarabine-based chemotherapy was given to 3 patients, two of them achieved complete remission and 1 case died during the course of chemotherapy. The average survival time was 21.5 months (range: 6 to 60 months). Histologically, all of the 8 cases showed micronodular white pulp lesions. Six of them exhibited the classic biphasic appearance with central aggregates of small B cells rimmed by a peripheral zone of atypical monocytoid B cells. The remaining 2 cases had a monomorphous appearance, consisting mainly of atypical monocytoid B cells. There was infiltration of tumor cells in the red pulp, sheets in appearance in all 8 cases. Immuno-histochemical staining showed CD20-positive (8/8), IgD-positive in 2 of the 4 cases (2/4), CD5-positive in 1 of the 4 cases (1/4), 6 of the 6 cases were bcl-2-positive, cyclin D1-negative and bcl-6/CD10-negative, CD43-negative in 5 of the 6 cases (5/6). The proliferation index, as highlighted by Ki-67 immunostaining, was low (< 15%).

CONCLUSIONSSMZL is an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The main clinical manifestations are splenomegaly and abnormalities in blood counts. The main modality of treatment is splenectomy. Adjuvant fludarabine-based chemotherapy helps to achieve complete remission. In general, the prognosis of this lymphoma type is good. The lymphoma cells predominantly grow in micronodular pattern, with atypical monocytoid B cells rimming around the small B cells, which aggregates in the center. The differential diagnosis includes other small B-cell lymphomas and lymphoid hyperplasia of spleen.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Spleen ; pathology ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of uncutted Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with jejunal pouch (URYJP) after total gastrectomy.

METHODSTotal gastrectomy was performed on 168 patients of gastric cancer, and 3 methods were used for reconstruction: the uncutted Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with a jejunal pouch was performed on 69 patients(group A),Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with the P-type jejunal pouch on 50 patients(group B),and Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with the Orr-type jejunal pouch on 49 patients (group C). The alimentary tract reconstruction time, morbidity and mortality were compared. The 121 cases that survived for more than 1 year were analyzed for quality of life(QOL),including body weight, intake quantity, prognosis nutritional index (PNI), and Visick scores 6 and 12 months after the operations.

RESULTSAll the patients recovered quickly and no anastomosis leakage or duodenal fistulas were found. It took (30+/-7) minutes to finish the reconstruction in group A, which was significantly shorter than that in group B [(57+/-6) minutes] or in group C [(48+/-6) minutes]. There were no significant differences among 3 groups in the incidence of alkaline reflux gastritis. The incidence of Roux stasis syndrome was 2.2% in group A, which was significantly lower than 17.9% and 19.4% in group B and C. Weight loss and food intake gain in group A was superior to those in group B and C 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. As compared with prognosis nutritional index(PNI) postoperatively, those of 3 groups decreased significantly 6 months postoperatively. At 12 months after operation, the PNI of group A returned to the level before operation, while PNI of both group B and C remained significantly lower than those before operation (both P < 0.05). The Visick score of group A was superior to those of group B and C 6 months and 12 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSThe new uncutted Roux operation with jejunal pouch can prevent alkaline reflux gastritis and Roux-en-Y stasis syndrome. It may be a standard procedure for reconstruction after total gastrectomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y ; methods ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery