To analyze and compare the protective effects of active components in different ethyl acetate extracts (EAEEPs) from Eclipta prostrate, in order to study the comparison of materials bases protecting normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. The MTT assay was taken to compare the protective effect of different EAEEPs on cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) -induced NHBE cells. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was applied to analyze the content of phenolic acid, coumaric grass ether and flavonoid in EAEEPs. According to the results, all of the eight EAEEPs (0-200 mg x L(-1)) showed certain protective effect on NHBE cells, with statistical difference. Specifically, the total mass of EAEEP VII (89.15 mg x L(-1)) and EAEEP VIII (57.44 mg x L(-1)), which showed the strongest activity, was not the highest, while EAEEP III (132.25 mg x L(-1)) displayed the highest total mass. In the combination with the "component structure" theory, the analysis showed a significant difference in the mass structure among phenolic acid, coumaric grass ether and flavonoid in EAEEP VIII and EAEEP VIII, which were 1.0: 1. 0: 0.5 and 1.0: 1.9: 0.8, respectively. The results suggested a specific optimal "component structure" relationship may exist in EAEEP, which could provide reference for the material base study and quality control.
Bronchi ; cytology ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Eclipta ; chemistry ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Protective Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the effects of different means of liquid resuscitation on microcirculation in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Method A model of rats with hemorrhagic shock was established in 40 Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according on different means of liquid resuscitation, and killed 24 hours after the examination, group A: without liquid resuscitation; group B: low-molecular-weight-40; group C: 7.5% hypertonic saline,group D:low-molecular-weight-40 + hyperonic saline. As well as the microcirculation in kidney was observed using electron microscope. Results In group without resuscitation, the microcirculation in kidney damaged severely; While in group with hypertonic or low molecule dextran alone, there was harm with dif-ferent degrees, and the microcirculation in kidney was nearly perfect in group with both hypertonic and low molecule dextran alone. Conclusions Different means of liquid resuscitation may infect the microcirculation in kidney, which with both hypertonic and low molecule dextran can protect the microcirculation in kidney.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Se-riched soybean peptide (SSP) on antioxidant function in rats of fatty liver caused by high-fat diet.

METHODSForty Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly and fed with standard diet and water (NC), high-fat diet and water (HC), high-fat diet and SSP (0.1 g/d) (SeH), standard diet and SSP (0.1 g/d) (SeN) respectively. After 10 weeks, the rats were killed to investigate the pimelosis level in liver tissues by Sudan III staining and the expression of hepatic GRP78 by immunohistochemical analysis. We also analyzed the changes of liver function, blood lipid, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in livers and serum.

RESULTSThe pimelosis level, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), MDA contents and the expression of GRP78 in HC group were significantly higher than those in NC, SeN, SeH groups. The activities of GSH-Px and SOD in liver and serum were markedly up-regulated in SeH (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between NC and SeN groups.

CONCLUSIONSSP can improve liver cell injury and the antioxidant functions in rats with fatty liver effectively and decrease the expression of GRP78 in liver.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Liver ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Selenium ; pharmacology ; Soybean Proteins ; pharmacology ; Soybeans ; chemistry

Objective To develop an effective and broad immune protective H5N1 vaccine.Methods We first developed two recombinant vaccinia ( Tiantan strain) virus ( rTTV ) based H5N1 vaccines, which consisted of bicistron expressing the hemagglutinin(HA) and matrix protein 2(M2), or bicistron expressing the neuraminidase(NA) and matrix protein 1 (M1). The expression of H5N1 protein in rTTVs was confirmed. We immunized the BALB/c mice twice with two kind of dose ( 104 PFU, 107 PFU)using different combination. Subsequently, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune response in vaccinated mice. Results Our data showed that rTTV-based H5N1 vaccine induced rapidly robust HA- and NAspecific antibody level and IFN-γ secreting form cell(SFC) with either single dose of 107 PFU or twice dose of 104 PFU or 107 PFU. We also detected significant neutralizing antibody and matrix-specific immune response. In addition, we found that immunization with two kind of rTTV-based H5N1 vaccines induced much high level of M2-specific antibody than that with single of rTTV-based H5N1 vaccine. Conclusion rTTVbased H5N1 vaccines in this study elicited board array of immunity and our study offers a promising alternative H5N1 vaccine candidates with favorable potential to prevent various H5N1 pandemic.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical and laboratory features of anti-soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas (SLA/LP) autoantibody positive patients with abnormal liver functions.

METHODSFrom July 1999 to August 2004, 4928 serum samples from patients with abnormal liver functions (ALT >40 U/L) were collected. A series of autoantibody examinations were carried out. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of 8 patients with anti-SLA/LP autoantibody positive were reviewed.

RESULTSAmong the 5500 serum samples, 8 cases (6 females and 2 males) with positive anti-SLA/LP autoantibodies were found with complete clinical information. The age of the patients was (27-76) years old. The case histories were from 2 years to 10 years. Of the 8 patients, 6 cases had liver cirrhosis and HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-negative, active, 1 case had liver cirrhosis with HBsAg-positive, but HBVDNA negative; 1 case had liver cirrhosis and anti-HCV positive, but HCV RNA negative. The 8 cases were all ANA positive with titers of 31:320. Four cases were AMA positive and 2 among these 4 cases were M2 positive. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue, anorexia, nausea, jaundice, abdominal distention and edema of lower limbs. All patients had high hypergammaglobulinemia.

CONCLUSIONAnti-SLA/LP autoantibody was at a low detection rate in the study with females in preponderance, Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the 8 cases were consistent with those of the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Testing for anti-SLA autoantibodies helps in the diagnosis of AIH in many patients who may otherwise be misdiagnosed.

Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; immunology ; Autoantigens ; immunology ; Female ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas ; immunology ; Sequence Homology

Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; mortality ; virology

BACKGROUNDRadiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been established as an effective and curative therapy for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and severely symptomatic premature ventricular contraction (PVC) from the outflow tract in structurally normal hearts. This study aimed to investigate electrophysiologic characteristics and effects of RFCA for patients with idiopathic VT and symptomatic PVC originating from the valve annulus.

METHODSCharacteristics of body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and endocardiogram in a successful RFCA target were analyzed in 16 patients with idiopathic VT and symptomatic PVC originating from the valve annulus. Additionally, the ECG characteristics of VT or PVC were compared with those of manifest Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome originating from the same site of origin in 15 patients.

RESULTSThirteen patients were successful, 2 recurrent and 1 failed. The recurrent cases underwent successful ablation the second time guided by the Ensite 3000 mapping system. In all patients with the WPW syndrome, the characteristics of QRS morphology were well matched with those of the VT and PVC that originated from corresponding sites of origin.

CONCLUSIONSRFCA is an effective curative therapy for VT and symptomatic PVC originating from the valve annulus. There are specific characteristics in ECG and the ablation site could be located by means of the WPW syndrome accessory pathway's algorithm.

Adult ; Aged ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; physiopathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).Methods MR imaging was performed in 12 patients with AIP proved histopathologically or clinically,of them CT was scanned in 10 patients and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)in 3.All imaging data were reviewed retrospectively.Results All 12 patients had enlargement of the pancreas either diffusely(n=9)or focally(n=3).The swollen pancreas was hypointense on T_1-weighted images and mildly hyperintense on T_2-weighted images.It also demonstrated decreased enhancement on artery phase of dynamic imaging and moderate enhancement on delayed phase images. Capsule-like enhanced rim was found around the swollen pancreas in 11 patients.Stricture of the distal common bile duct was found in 9 patients,and ERCP showed diffuse and irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct in 3 cases.At follow-up,pancreatic abnormalities and common bile duct stricture resolved after steroid therapy in 7 patients.Conclusion AIP showed some characteristic imaging findings,and imaging examinations will play an important role in the diagnosis of AIP.

Binocular vision refers to a progress of analysing and integrating the binocular visual signals into a whole and three-dimensional sensory perception by higher nerve centre. In this process, the interac-tion between the two eyes results in the changes of output signal, which is called binocular interaction. Through a series of subjective and objective experiments, it can be concluded that binocular interaction can be divided into three types: facilitation, summation and suppression, and the forms of binocular in-teraction in different visual states are different. In general, the visual signal is processed by binocular in-teraction, so that there are some differences between binocular vision and monocular vision. The extent of the difference can be affected by the damage of monocular vision and then affects the binocular vision. Thus, it is necessary for forensic scientists to further study the effects of the monocular visual impairment on visual function. Based on relevant data, this paper reviews the mechanism of the monocular visual impairment in binocular vision, the research methods and the application prospect in forensic science.

INTRODUCTIONAntimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) can reduce antibiotic use but patient safety concerns exist. We evaluated the safety of prospective carbapenem review and feedback and its impact on carbapenem use and patient outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODSAfter 3 months implementation of our ASP, we compared patients with and without acceptance of ASP recommendations on the use of carbapenems. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included duration of carbapenem use, length of hospitalisation, clinical response, microbiological clearance, 30-day readmission and mortality at discharge.

RESULTSOf 226 recommendations for 183 patients, 59.3% was accepted. De-escalation, switching to oral antibiotics and antibiotic cessation comprised 72% of recommendations. Patients with acceptance of ASP recommendations had lower 30-day mortality and higher end-of-therapy clinical response despite shorter carbapenem duration (P <0.05). Predictors of 30-day mortality were Pitt bacteraemia score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.74; P = 0.004) and non-acceptance of ASP recommendations (aOR 2.84, 95% CI, 1.21 to 6.64; P = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONOur prospective carbapenem review and feedback mainly comprising of reducing carbapenem use is safe.

Carbapenems ; therapeutic use ; Drug Utilization ; standards ; Feedback ; Guideline Adherence ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Patient Safety ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Treatment Outcome