[Objective] To investigate the infection status and characteristics of HEV among voluntary blood donors in Ningbo, and to provide a basis for improving the blood screening strategy. [Methods] A total of 12 227 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Ningbo from June 2022 to May 2023 were tested for HEV serology, enzymology, and nucleic acid testing. Furthermore, HEV gene sequencing was performed for genotyping analysis, and donors with reactive nucleic acid testing results were followed up to confirm their infection status. [Results] The reactivity rate of HEV Ag, anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG was 0.098%, 0.899% and 29.198%, respectively. There was no difference in the reactivity of anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG between genders, donation frequencies and donation types (P>0.05). The reactivity rate increased significantly with age (P<0.05). The rate of ALT disqualification (ALT>50U/L) was significantly higher than that in non-reactive samples (P<0.05). The HEV Ag reactivity rate (0.098%) was not correlated with gender, donation frequency, donation type or age. One HEV RNA positive case was found, with a positive rate of 0.008%(1/12 227). It was confirmed to be hepatitis E virus genotype 3 by sequencing analysis. Apart from HEV Ag reactivity, all other blood safety screening items were non-reactive, suggesting this case might be in the acute infection phase. The follow-up results showed that all indicators of the donor's previous blood donation were non-reactive. [Conclusion] Pre-donation ALT detection can reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV) to a certain extent, and the effective way to prevent TT-HEV is to detect HEV RNA and serology of donor blood.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the processing technology of Epimedium koreanum roasted with suet oil and analyze its characteristic chromatogram before and after processing. METHODS The optimal processing technology was optimized by orthogonal experiments with frying power， frying time and medicinal temperature as factors using the comprehensive score of appearance traits （color+odor）， alcohol-soluble extract， the contents of icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ as evaluation index， then proceed with verification. The E. koreanum roasted with suet oil was prepared with the optimal technology. The characteristic chromatograms of 15 batches of E. koreanum were established with the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）， and then similarity analysis was also conducted. Clustering analysis， principal component analysis， and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to evaluate the differences in E. koreanum before and after processing. RESULTS The optimal processing technique for E. koreanum roasted with suet oil was as follows： first， heat 4 g of suet oil at a power of 600 W until it melts； next， when the temperature at the bottom of the pan reaches 140 ℃， add 20 g of E. koreanum silk and stir-fry for 6 minutes； finally， remove it and let it cool. Comprehensive score of 3 validation tests was 98.94 points　（RSD＜3%）. The established characteristic chromatogram of E. koreanum and E. koreanum roasted with suet oil were calibrated with 16 and 15 common peaks， respectively. Chromatographic peak 2 was determined to be chlorogenic acid， peak 5 to be chaohuoding A， peak 6 to be chaohuoding B， peak 7 to be chaohuoding C， peak 8 to be icariin， and peak 14 to be baohuoside Ⅰ. The similarities were all greater than 0.9. Results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that E. koreanum and E. koreanum roasted with suet oil were clustered into distinct groups. The results of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the variable importance projection values for peak 13， peak 15， peak 9， peak 1， peak 8， peak 12， peak 7， and peak 10 were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS The study successfully optimized the processing technology of suet oil-roasted E. koreanum. There are significant differences in the characteristic chromatograms of E. koreanum before and after processing. Among them， the chemical components corresponding to peak 13， peak 15， peak 9， peak 1， peak 8， peak 12， peak 7， and peak 10 may be the differential components of E. koreanum before and after processing.

ObjectiveTo explore the impacts of material type and loading volume of rigid containers on the hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization of thoracoscopic instruments, to identify the best rigid containers and loading volume of thoracoscopic instruments. MethodsThoracoscopic instruments sterilized by STERRAD^® 100NX hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from August to September 2024 were selected as the research items. According to the material of rigid containers, the instruments were divided into polyethylene case group (A), stainless steel case group (B) and silicone resin case group (C). In terms of the loading volume, the rigid containers were divided into (loading capacity <80%) groups of 8, 10 and 12 instruments. The results of physical monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator card monitoring, and the five types of card luminal chemical process challenge device (PCD) monitoring of the 9 groups of A8, A10, A12, B8, B10, B12, C8, C10 and C12 were compared and evaluated. ResultsCompared to A8, A10 A12, C8, C10 or C12 groups, the thoracoscope instruments in the stainless steel containers in B8, B10 or B12 group had higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations and shorter elapsed time in the pressure check phases 1 and phases 2, with the differences statistically significant (P<0.05), followed by the silicone resin case group and the polyethylene case group. The nine groups of physical parameter monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator monitoring, and the five types of chemical PCD monitoring for lumen sterilization achieved 100% qualification rates, and there were no significant differences in the qualified rates of sterilization among the 9 groups (P>0.05). ConclusionWhen using hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma to sterilize thoracoscopic instruments, it is recommended to use stainless steel or silicone resin rigid containers with a controlled loading capacity (≤12) to ensure optimal sterilization quality.

OpenSim is an open source, free motion simulation and gait analysis software, which can be used to dynamically simulate and analyze the complex motion of the human body, and is widely used in human biomechanical research. Since OpenSim can analyze multi-dimensional motion data such as muscle strength, joint torque, and muscle synergistic activation during human movement, it can be used to study the biomechanical mechanism of musculoskeletal imbalance diseases and various treatment methods in TCM orthopedics, and has a broad application prospect in the field of TCM orthopedics. By the analysis of the basic characteristics, elements, analysis process, and application prospects of OpenSim, it is concluded that OpenSim musculoskeletal model has a large application space in the field of traditional Chinese medicine orthopedic, which is helpful to explain the pathogenesis and mechanism of diseases, and promote the precision diagnosis and treatment of orthopedics diseases;the application of OpenSim musculoskeletal model can solve the problem that the previous research paid attention to the bone malalignment and not enough attention to the tendon, and provide a new method for the research of orthopedic diseases. At present, there are still problems in the promotion and application of OpenSim, such as large equipment requirements and high operation threshold. Therefore, multidisciplinary cooperation, clinical research, and data sharing are the basic research strategies in this field.
Humans ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Orthopedics ; Traumatology ; Software ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Musculoskeletal System ; Models, Biological

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the gene mutation characteristics and survival time of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on next-generation sequencing(NGS) gene detection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 92 patients with AML (non APL) admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to May 2022. AML related genes tested were using NGS, the mutation characteristics and survival time of AML patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 92 patients, 41 were males and 51 were females. A total of 38 types of gene mutations were detected. Six-two patients carried at least one gere mutation, while no gene mutations were detected in 30 patients. In the group with favourable prognosis (n =14), the frequencies of higher gene mutations were NRAS, KIT (21.43%, n =3), KRAS (14.29%, n =2). In the group with intermediate prognosis (n =64), the gene mutation frequencies from high to low were DNMT3A (18.75%, n =12), NPM1 (17.19%, n =11), IDH2, FLT3-ITD, CEBPA (12.50%, n =8), TET2 (10.94%, n =7). In the poor prognosis group (n =14), ASXL1, TP53, EZH2, NRAS had higher gene mutation frequency than others(14.29 %, n =2 ). Statistical analysis revealed that KIT had a relative hotspot of mutations in the intermediate-risk group, and DNMT3A had a relative hotspot of mutations in the high-risk group (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis of genes with high mutation rates in different prognostic groups, such as NRAS, KIT, IDH2, DNMT3A, NPM1, and FLT3-ITD, with prognosis found that KIT was a factor affecting OS (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed for the others(P >0.05). CONCLUSION The frequency of gene mutations is high in AML patients, 67.4% of the patients carried at least one gene mutation. The mutation frequency varies among different genes in patients with different karyotypes, and there are obvious dominant mutations. KIT and DNMT3A can be used as factors for evaluating the prognosis of AML.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Nucleophosmin ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Middle Aged ; DNA Methyltransferase 3A ; Adult ; Aged ; Survival Analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics*

Immune inflammatory response runs through the whole pathological process of liver injury， but its specific regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that the Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in liver injury by regulating macrophage polarization， activating neutrophil recruitment， and modulating the differentiation of regulatory immune cells. This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in mediating immune inflammatory response in liver injury， in order to provide new perspectives for clarifying the molecular mechanism of immune inflammatory damage in liver diseases， as well as a new reference for future research directions.

Objective This study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in the matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)signaling pathway and the risk of vascular senescence(VS). Methods In this cross-sectional study,between May and November 2022,peripheral venous blood of 151 VS patients(case group)and 233 volunteers(control group)were collected.Fourteen SNPs were identified in five genes encoding the components of the MMP-2 signaling pathway,assessed through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cfPWV),and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.The multigene influence on the risk of VS was assessed using multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)and generalized multifactor dimensionality regression(GMDR)modeling. Results Within the multivariate logistic regression models,four SNPs were screened to have significant associations with VS:chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2(CCL2)rs4586,MMP2 rs14070,MMP2 rs7201,and MMP2 rs1053605.Carriers of the T/C genotype of MMP2 rs14070 had a 2.17-fold increased risk of developing VS compared with those of the C/C genotype,and those of the T/T genotype had a 19.375-fold increased risk.CCL2 rs4586 and MMP-2 rs14070 exhibited the most significant interactions. Conclusion CCL2 rs4586,MMP-2 rs14070,MMP-2 rs7201,and MMP-2 rs1053605 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of VS.

Signal transduction and activator of transcription factor 1(STAT1), one of the important members of the STAT family, is a key cytoplasmic transcription factor and an important component of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 (STAT1-GOF) impaired the dephosphorylation of STAT1 protein, mediated the enhancement of cell signaling pathways such as type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ interferon(IFN) and interleukins-27 (IL-27), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17, and inhibited Th17 cells. The clinical manifestations of STAT1-GOF are diverse, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmune diseases. For the treatment of STAT1-GOF, such as targeted therapy with ruxolitinib for STAT1 hyperphosphorylation, immunomodulatory therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for different self-immune systems, certain curative effects can be obtained. With the understanding of disease mechanisms and the discovery of new clinical phenotypes, this review focuses on the diseases caused by gain-of-function mutations of STAT1, and introduces the clinical manifestations and treatment progress of STAT1-GOF to promote the understanding of such diseases and their future diagnosis, treatment and research works.

To explore the clinical and genetic features of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) caused by IFIH1 gene mutation.

The incidence of cancer is closely correlated with age,as 75％of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients are aged at least 65 years.The availability of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has altered the available NSCLC therapeutic pattern.Limited studies on elderly patients have demonstrated that ICIs as monotherapy provide substantial ben-efits for patients aged 65-75 years,showing no significant difference compared to younger patients.This benefit is also observed in combination with immune-combined chemotherapy or radiotherapy.For individuals older than 75 years,the survival effect was not evident,though.Immune-related adverse events(irAEs)with ICIs alone were similar in incidence across age catego-ries.Immune-combination chemotherapy resulted in a higher incidence of irAEs than chemotherapy alone,and patients ≥75 years of age were more likely to experience higher-grade irAEs.Besides the fact that immunosenescence in older patients influ-ences the immune milieu in a multifaceted manner,which in turn impacts the effectiveness of immunotherapy,the prognosis is also influenced by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS)score,among other factors.For certain individuals aged ≥75 years or in poor physical health,immunotherapy combined with low-intensity chemotherapy has emerged as a viable treatment option.However,there are fewer related studies,so there should be a conscious effort to increase the number of elderly patients enrolled in the trial and a comprehensive assessment to explore individualized treatment op-tions.To provide additional references and guidance for immunotherapy in elderly NSCLC patients and to propose new thera-peutic perspectives in combination with their characteristics,this review aims to summarize and analyze the pertinent studies on the application of programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitors in these patients.