Rat islets encapsulated in the immuno-isolated membrane were transplanted intraperitpneally into eleven streptozoto-cin induced diabetic mice. The effective rate was 91% while all were rejected in the non-encapsulated xenograft group. Four mice showed complete remission, and the longest normoglycemic period in those mice was 360 days. The pathological changes of islets in the long-term successful xenograft group were studied and atrophy was found. It proved that the immuno-isolated membrane can resist rejection during xenotransplantation.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors affecting postoperative recurrence and progression in patients with superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma(SBTCC). Methods From 2000 to 2004,150 patients with SBTCC were treated, of which 120 patients were followed up. The possible prognostic factors including clinical and pathological figures were analyzed by Cox's proportional hazard model in these patients. Results The mean fol-low-up period was 84.7 months. The recurrence rates at 3-year,5-year were 27.5% and 36.7% respectively. The main variables affecting recurrence were histological grades,tumor stage,tumor number and recurring tumor,and the first three were the independent risk factors. The progression rotes at 3-year,5-year were 9. 2% and 17.5%. The main variables affecting progression were histological grade,tumor stage, tumor number and recurring tumor, and the first one was the independent risk factor. Conclusion The main variables affecting progression were histological grade, tumor stage,tumor number and recurring tumor,and the first one were the independent risk factor.

Objective To investigate the features and risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 99 patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm treated between January 2009 to January 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.Comparisons of categorical data and univariate analysis of risk factors of lymph node metastasis were conducted.Results Of the 99 patients,the rate of regional lymph node metastasis was 30.3％ (30/99)with 56.7％ limited to para-intestinal lymph nodes in 17 cases,26.7％ limited to mesenteric lymph nodes in 8 cases,and 16.7％ limited to mesenteric root central lymph nodes in 5 cases.No metastasis exceeding central lymph nodes was observed.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel and pathological grading were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm with larger tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel or higher grade (G2,G3) has high risk of regional lymph node metastasis.

The amount of the research-oriented graduates is increasing in affiliated hospitals of medical universities.To create an effective training model can not only help students to succeed but also contribute great to the research level of hospitals.In this study,we summarized our experience,such as individualized teaching,the unity of thinking and performing,words and deeds as well as unity of clinic and research on the formation of research ideas,attitudes and styles.Based on our experiences we hope to provide meaningful methods for the training of medical graduates.

AIM: The phagocytotic function and morphological changes of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) of rat in high glucose or high glucose and high insulin conditions were studied. METHODS: AM were harvested from Wistar rats by bronchoalveolar lavage and were activated by Bacille Calmette - Guerin (BCG), interferon a - 2b (IFNa - 2b)or BCG and IFNa - 2b. The adherent rate, nitroblue retrazolium (NBT). reduction function and the concentrations of NO and TNF-a in culture rat AM were evaluated. The ultrastructure of AM was Observed by using transmission elects microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In high glucose or high glucose glucose and high insulin conditions, the adherence of AM postponed(P＜ 0.01 ), NBT reduction of AM significantly decreased(P＜0.01); the volume of NO and TNF-a produced by AM after stimulation with BCG and IFNa-2b + BCG was significantly lower in high glucose groups than in the controls (P ＜ 0.01); their surface pseudopodia was reduced and shortened and the numbers of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased. CONCLUSIONS:The impaired phagocytotic function and ultrastructure of activated rat AM were much the same regardless of high glucose or high glucose and high insulin level in a short time. Diabetic subjects were predisposed to infection of the lung, which was frequently recurrent or even fatal.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between trace elements and oxidative stress in diabetic diaphragm. METHODS: Contents of copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),molybdenum(Mo) and lithium(Li) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat diaphragm muscles were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and their superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) contents were detected. RESULTS: The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr and Li were lower and the Fe and Cd were higher in diabetic rat diaphragm muscles than that of the control group, but there were no significant differences in Mn, Co and Mo, between control and diabetic group. SOD activities decreased significantly and MDA contents increased significantly in diaphragm of diabetic rats as compared with the control group.In addition,in diabetic rats diaphragm, there was a positive correlation between Zn and SOD, and negative correlation between Zn and MDA, and Cd and SOD. CONCLUSION: Changes of the contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, Li and the increase of oxidative stress in diaphragm were found in the early diabetes, and Zn, Cd play an importment role in oxidative stress of diabetic diaphragm.

OBJECTIVE:Evaluating clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections METHODS:Applying meta-analysis to evaluation of clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone,cefotaxime and cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Ceftriaxone is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice because of its better efficacy and lower cost

Objective The processes responsible for the uptake of very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) by monocyte macrophage cells were investigated. Methods The effects of VLDL concentration, apoE ligand activity and scavenger receptor A (SRA) on the binding of 125 I VLDL to monocyte macrophages were analysed. The influence of VLDL on SRA mRNA and protein expression and VLDL receptor gene translation was probed. Results (1) The differentiated monocyte macrophages induced 125 I VLDL uptake by dose dependent pathway( r =0 71, P

AIM: To evaluate the changes of diaphragm contractile properties and morphologic features in experimental diabetic rats. 糤THZ]METHODS: METHODS: Diaphragm contractility was assessed by twitch kinetics, maximal tetanic force (P 0) , tension-frequency relationship and fatigue index (FI) in vitro diaphragm strip preparations of 4th week diabetic Wistar rats, and compared with that of the control group. The structure of diaphragm was analysed in diabetic rats and control with Hematoxyline and eosin staining, Heidenhain staining and enzymatic histochemistry. RESULTS: The twitch (Pt), contraction time (CT), half relaxation time (RT 1/2 ) and FI decreased significantly in diabetic group as compared with the control group. There was no difference in Po between the two groups. The tension of diabetic diaphragm at frequencies of 25,50,75,100 and 125 Hz was significantly decreased compared with that of the normal rats. After diaphragm bundles were subjected to fatiguing stimulations and incubated with aminophylline at 250 mg/L for 30 minutes, the tension of diabetic diaphragm decreased remarkably at both high and low frequencies in comparison with that of the normal rats. In addition, the activity and optical density of ?-phosphoglycerol dehydrogenase in diaphragm from diabetic rats were significantly lower than that from control rats ( P

Objective To construct a cDNA library from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell HNE 2.Methods The total RNA was separated from human NPC(nasopharyngeal carcinoma)cell HNE 2 and the mRNA was isolated from the total RNA by MagneSphere technique,then the first-strand cDNA was synthesized with oligo(dT) primer containing sfiI site while the double-strand cDNA was amplified through LD-PCR(Long-distance PCR) by SMART technique.The double-strand cDNA was digested by sfiI(IA &IB)restriction enzyme before cDNA size fractionation ,the double-strand cDNA fractionated was ligated into the ?TripIEx2 vector and then was packaged in vitro.Results The unamplified human NPC cell HNE 2 cDNA library consists of 0 78?10 6 independent clones,and the percentage of recombinant clones was more than 96%.The titer of the amplified cDNA library was 1 02?10 9 pfu/ml and the average insert of the recombinants was 1 2kb.Conclusions The quality of the constructed human NPC cell HNE 2 cDNA library is excellent and helpful to screen NPC specific-antigen.