Objective To understand the clinical features of hepatitis B virus(HBV)/hepatitis C virus(HCV)coinfected patients with different virological profiles.Methods The clinical data of 186 patients with HBV/HCV coinfection from May 1999 to May 2010 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were analyzed retrospectively.The demographic data,epidemiological data,laboratory results and pathological index were analyzed.The statistical analysis was done using t test and chi square test.Results A total of 186 patients were divided into 4 groups:66(35.5%)in HBV DNA(-)/HCV RNA(-)group,8(4.3%)in HBV DNA(+)/HCV RNA(+)group,68(36.6%)in HBV DNA(+)/HCV RNA(-)group and 44(23.7%)in HBV DNA(-)/HCV RNA(+) group.The gender composition,complication incidence,transmission among drug users,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level,total bilirubin(TBil)level,prothrombin activity(PTA)and hapatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)negative rate were all significantly different among four groups(F or x2=11.578,8.451,11.738,2.669,5.102,4.254 and 18.413,respectively;all P<0.05).In groups of HCV RNA(-)and HCV RNA(+),the proportions of patients infected through drug abuse were 49.3%and 23.1%,respectively(x2=9.987,P:0.002)and blood transfusion transmission were 29.9%and 46.2%,respectively(x2=4.412,P=0.036).When HBV DNA was negative,the median ALT levels in HCV RNA(-)and HCV RNA(+)patients were 177 U/L and 62 U/L,respectively(t=2.200,P<0.05),median TBil levels were 133 μmol/L and 20μmol/L,respectively (t=3.608,P<0.05)and PTA were 70.6%±27.7%and 83.3%±27.8%,respectively(t=-1.982,P<0.05).The HBeAg negative rate was not affected by HCV RNA levels(t=0.707,P>0.05).The HBeAg negative rate in HBV DNA(-)patients was 85.5%,which was higher than that in HBV DNA(+)patients(59.2%)(x2=16.393,P<0.05).Conclusions HBV DNA(+/-)/HCV RNA(-)profile were major components in HBV/HCV confection.HBV DNA level is related to disease progression and prognosis,but not relate to disease severity.Liver function damage and disease severity are aggravated with HCV RNA level decreases.HBV DNA level is related to HBeAg negative rate,while HCV RNA level is not related to HBeAg seroconversion rate.

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell-to-cell interactions, metabolism and development control. The misregulation, post-translational modification and interference of PPI are related to a variety of human diseases, making the regulation of these interactions a very attractive field of drug discovery. In recent years, the interaction between MDM2 and p53 has become a research hotspot, which plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. But unfortunately there are no such inhibitors approved all over the world. In this view, recent advances of MDM2-p53 inhibitors were briefly described and its inhibitors with potential therapeutic activities in clinical studies were introduced.

Suspension cultures cell of Sorbus aucuparia (SASC) was used as materials, the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of SASC after treatment with yeast extract (YE) were detected, and the synthetic mechanism of secondary metabolites in SASC treated with YE was preliminarily explored. The results were as follows: under the assay conditions, SASC was induced to synthesize five biphenyl compounds, and these compounds content changed differently with induction time prolonging; YE treatment inhibited cell growth, the culture medium pH was gradually reduced after treatment; water-soluble protein content showed a trend of slow decline, which was significantly increased in YE treatment group (YE group) compared with the control group (CK group), the maximum relative content was 147.76% in contrast with CK group; both YE group and CK group were extracellular Ca2+ flow influx, but the YE group flow was significantly slow than CK group. The results indicate that YE induced the cells in a stress state, which was not conducive to the growth of cells and forced the cells to synthesize biphenyl compounds against external stress; water-soluble protein may serve as intracellular enzymes involved in the synthesis of compounds regulation; Ca2+ may as signal molecule mediate cell signal transduction respond to YE stress.
Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chemistry ; Secondary Metabolism ; Sorbus ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Taohong Siwu decoction II on B16 melanoma in mice and the underlying mechanism.

METHODC57BL/6J mice bearing B16 melanoma were used in this study. The experimental groups were treated respectively with Taohong Siwu decoction II at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 g x kg(-1) and cyclophosphamide at 0.05 g x kg(-1), Taohong Siwu decoction II at 10 g x kg(-1) plus cyclophosphamide at 0.025 mg x kg(-1). The tumor volume and weight, the expression of VEGF and KDR/FLK-1 and the amount of MVD were measured.

RESULTThe tumor volume and weight, the expression of VEGF and KDR/FLK-1 and the amount of MVD were reduced significantly after treatment with Taohong Siwu decoction II at the doses of 5 and 10 g x kg(-1) and Taohong Siwu decoction II combined with cyclophosphamide as compared with normal saline-treated group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTaohong Siwu decoction II can inhibit the growth of B16 melanoma in mice and attenuate the expressions of VEGF and KDR/FLK-1, suggesting that Taohong Siwu decoction II produces the antitumor effect via a possible antiagiogenisis mechanism.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Melanoma, Experimental ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microcirculation ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; metabolism

Background The in vitro culture of retinal vascular endothelial cells is the foundation of experimental study of retinal vascular disease. Shortage of human donor eyeballs is a main limiting for the laboratory work. The culture method of rat-derived vascular endothelial cells has been established. However, this method is not enough effective because of severer cellullar injury. Objective Present study was to establish a simple and high effective method for the culture of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Methods The retinas from 5 SPF SD rats was digested by 0. 1% collagenase and cultured with explant culture method. 20% fetal bovine serum, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) , insulin-transferrin-selenium( ITS) were composed into the endothelial cell culture medium, and enough blowing was performed to get the cells and fragments from retinal tissue. The cellular suspension was prepared and cultured consequently on human fibronectin-coated culture flasks. Cultured vascular endothelial cells were identified by anti-von Willebrand staining factor. Results The cells emerged from the tissue mass,and cells and some tissue fragments attached to the wall after 24 hours of seeding. The cells grew to show the fusiform in 4 days and merged together in 5 to 6 days,and a cell monolayer was seen in the 14th day after culture. The endothelial cells showed the positive response for von Willebrand factor. After passage, the merging-growth statue of the cells was regained in 2 hours after culture. Conclusion Use of retinal pieces and collagenase-digestion can get the vascular endothelial cells with better activity in vitro. The culture method based on highly selective endothelial cell culture medium associated to FN adhesion-promoting is helpful for gaining the purified of endothelial cells.

Objective To characterize the multimorbidity patterns of chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly people in China，and explore the correlation and intensity among chronic diseases by using association rules. Methods A total of 17 796 people over 45 years old from 9 provinces and cities in China were sampled and surveyed. The data were analyzed by Apriori algorithm in R3.4.3 software to investigate the multimorbidity of chronic diseases. Results Among total 17 796 respondents, the number of patients with at least one chronic disease was 12 245 (68.81%), and the number of patients with two or more chronic diseases was 7 321 (41.15%). Among the selected association rules, according to the ranking of support degree, the most common three chronic disease multimorbidities were dyslipidemia and heart disease, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, asthma and chronic lung disease. The rule support was 6.77%, 5.27%, 4.28%, and the rule confidence was 34.38%, 43.14%, and 70.81%, respectively. Multiple results of association rules pointed to heart disease. After screening, the greatest association rules were found in the age group over 75 years old. Conclusions Heart disease exists in a variety of chronic disease multimorbidity patterns. Screening and prevention measures should be strengthened. Dyslipidemia is strongly associated with diabetes and hypertension, and male patients are more vulnerable to suffer from dyslipidemia. Chronic diseases intend to be more common and complicated along with age increase.

The three-step dissolution experiment was established to investigate the in vitro release of budesonide colon-specific tablet and to elucidate the drug release mechanism by fitting to different mathematical models. The physiological parameters of stomach, small intestine and colon such as pH value, intestinal flora, specific organic enzyme, vermiculation and conveying time were mimicked to plot the in vitro dissolution, separately. Sample were taken at predetermined time intervals in 24 h and the accumulated drug releases were determined by using HPLC method. Drug release curves of the localization tablets were fitted to various mathematical models. It shows that no drug release was found in 2 h. About 5% release was determined after 6 h while 77.5% accumulated release was reached within 24 h. Drug release from the in house formulation fitted well into first-order model. The three-step dissolution method could be used to evaluate the colon-specific characteristics of budesonide colonic localization tablet. The drug release behavior of the localization tablet conforms to the drug release mechanisms of controlled porosity osmotic pump where osmotic pressure is the main driving force for controlled delivery of drugs.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Budesonide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Colon ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Excipients ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestinal Secretions ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats ; Tablets

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin

OBJECTIVETo investigate the spontaneous YMDD mutation rate.

METHODSSerum samples collected from 196 untreated chronic HBV patients were detected by primer-specific real-time PCR.

RESULTSAmong 196 patients, spontaneous YMDD variants were detected in 21 subjects (20 YVDD mutants and 1 YIDD mutant). YMDD variants account for more than 50%, 25% to 50%, 9% to 25% of total virus load in 1, 5 and 15 patients, respectively. Gender, age, HBeAg status, serum viral load, the state of disease and duration of infection were not associated with spontaneous YMDD mutation. Genotype B had higher spontaneous YMDD rate than genotype C (20.00% vs 7.38%, x(2) = 6.28, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSpontaneous YMDD variants exist in chronic hepatitis B patients, Genotype B is associated with higher spontaneous YMDD rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viral Load ; Young Adult