Humans ; Otitis Media ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis

It is common in bacterial genomes of the integration of prophages. As an important participant of the vital movement of their hosts, prophages affect closely the biological properties of the hosts. Therefore, if we want to comprehend a bacterial genome fully, it is essential to recognize and understand accurately prophages in it. This article is a compendious review about the classification, distribution, identification, evolution of prophages and the interaction with their hosts.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have beneficial effects on the treatment of various diseases. Mitochondria transfer is newly proposed and its specific mechanisms of action and control factors remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To review the studies about stem cells and mitochondrial transfer, then to discuss its value on clinical.
METHODS:The PubMed, VIP and Wanfang databases were searched for related articles concerning stem cells and mitochondrial transfer. Key words were“stem cell, embryonic stem cell, progenitor cell, mitochondria”in Chinese and“Stem cell[s], Mother cell[s], Progenitor cell[s], Colony-Forming Unit[s], Colony Forming Unit[s], Mitochondria[l] transfer”in English. Thirteen articles were found initial y, and using the citation tracking method, final y 42 articles were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Studies have shown that mitochondrial transfer from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is associated with rescue of aerobic respiration and restoration of mitochondrial function in the injured somatic cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and recipient cells form tunneling nanotubes for mitochondrial transfer. Movement of mitochondria between cells is regulated and directed by Miro1. The successful transfer of mitochondria may be accompanied with the clearance of damaged mitochondria. The rescue of mitochondrial function in early stages may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for various diseases include acute lung injury.

ObjectiveTo establish a surface location method and acupuncture manipulation standard by dissecting the local structure of rat point Renying(ST9)and make a validation through the hypotensive effect of acupuncture.MethodA Wistar rat was sacrificed and fixed by cryogenic freezing. According the anatomical characteristics of human point Renying, cervical point Renying region was dissected layer by layer, and the common carotid artery, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery were bluntly separated. Location and measurement were made using vernier calipers and digital photographs were taken. Body surface location and acupuncture point depth were statistically analyzed to establish acupuncture manipulation standards. Point Renying and a non-acupoint were separately acupunctured to treat rat spontaneous hypertension. The changing tendency of blood pressure was statistically analyzed after four weeks.ResultAccording to the 95% reference value range, the surface location of rat point Renying was determined to be (8±0.3)mm below a line connecting bilateral mandibular angles and (5.5±0.4)mm lateral to the anterior midline, one on each side. Acupuncture manipulation standards were perpendicular insertion (5.5±0.4)mm and cautious lifting and thrusting to avoid injuring the artery. Acupuncture at point Renying had a marked hypotensive effect as compared with a non-acupoint (P<0.05).ConclusionThe surface location of rat point Renying is reliable and can be applied to animal experimental study.

Objective To search for evidence of diagnosis of pulmonary embolism for guiding clinical practice.Methods We searched PubMed(1970~2005-10)and CBM(1992~2005-10)in Oct.2005 to identify system reviews(SR)and cross-sectional study(CSS)about the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Results Sixteen SR and 9 CSS were identified in PubMed,none in CBM.Pulmonary arteriography was the gold standard in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Our result showed that computed tomography,ventilation-perfusion scanning and doppler ultrasound were useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism combind with clinical judgment.Multidetector CT might be another gold standard in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.A negative result on quantitative rapid ELISA of D-dimer could exclude the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Conclusion Diagnostic tests combind with clinical judgment are useful for diagnosing or excluding pulmonary embolism.

Genomics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; complications

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Menopause ; Perimenopause ; Phytotherapy

Adolescent ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications ; Scimitar Syndrome ; complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Abstract BACKGROUND: Calcium dobesilate (calcium dihydroxy-2, 5-benzenesulfonate) has been widely used to treat chronic venous insufficiency and diabetic retinopathy, especialy many clinical studies showed that calcium dobesilate as vasoprotective compound ameliorates renal lesions in diabetic nephropathy. However, there are few literatures reported calcium dobesilate in the treatment of chronic renal alograft dysfunction after renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of calcium dobesilate on chronic renal dysfunction after renal transplantation. METHODS:A total of 152 patients with chronic renal alograft dysfunction after renal transplantation were enroled from the Military Institute of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. They were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=78) and the control group (n=74). Patients in the treatment group received 500 mg of calcium dobesilate three times daily for eight weeks. Al patients were treated with calcineurin inhibitor-based triple immunosuppressive protocols and comprehensive therapies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For patients receiving calcium dobesilate, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid decreased significantly at two weeks after treatment and maintained a stable level (P < 0.05). However, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen returned to the original level soon after drug withdrawal. No significant difference was observed in blood cel count, liver function, blood lipids, electrolytes, blood pressure and 24-hour urine output between the two groups before and after therapy (P > 0.05). Administration of calcium dobesilate did not change the general condition of patients with renal insufficiency, nor did it affect blood concentrations of the immunosuppressive agents. Calcium dobesilate may help to delay the progress of graft injury in patients with chronic renal graft dysfunction by conjugating with creatinine, ameliorating the impaired microcirculation and its antioxidant property. The decline in serum creatinine aleviates patients’ anxiety and concern arising from the elevation of creatinine. However, the negative interference with serum creatinine caused by calcium dobesilate should be cautious in order to avoid misjudgment of patients’ condition.