Preventing the nitrate and nitrite pollution of vegetable have an important value to ensure the public health. The content of nitrate and nitrite in vegetable is not only controlled by fertilization and management in produce. But correlated with handling process after collection. Based on the past document this paper play emphasis on the change trend and the cause of nitrate and nitrite content in vegetable during the process of storage, boiled water poaching,immersing,machining and so on. Finally give some advice on improving current research.

AIM To identify potential amino acid residues that contribute to different catalytic characteristics of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 enzymes in nicotine metabolism. METHODSWild type of CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 and their mutants CYP2A6V117A, CYP2A6G164H, CYP2A6I208S, CYP2A6R372H, CYP2A6S465P and CYP2A13A117V, CYP2A13H164G, CYP2A13S208I, CYP2A13H372A and CYP2A13P465S, were subjected kinetic analysis in nicotine 5'-hydroxylation. RESULTS For CYP2A6, substitution of isoleucine 208 to serine caused dramatic kinetic property changes with K_m and V_( max) varied from 62.25 μmol·L~(-1) and 6.53 mol·min~(-1)·moL~(-1) to 345 μmol·L~(-1) and 2.19 mol·min~(-1)·moL~(-1). However, the corresponding serine 208 to isoleucine mutation did not heavily affect the enzyme activity in CYP2A13. The histidine 372 to arginine mutation resulted in a remarkable catalytic efficiency decrease with K_m and V_( max) changes from 26.01 μmol·L~(-1) and 24.51 mol·min~(-1)·moL~(-1) to 148.7 μmol·L~(-1) and 6.11 mol·min~(-1)·moL~(-1) in CYP2A13, but the switching of argenine 372 to histidine did not show expected corresponding crucial influence in CYP2A6 activity. Substitutions on the other positions changed enzyme activities in different rates. CONCLUSION The isoleucine 208 is crucial to human CYP2A6, while the 372 histidine is a key amino acid residue for CYP2A13 in nicotine 5'-hydroxylation.

OBJECTIVE: Strengthen realization of pulmonary infection and perform follow-up plays a key role in preventing severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to analyze the diagnosis and pathogens distribution in patients with pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation. METHODS: Totally 14 patients with severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation, who received treatment at The Department of Urology Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, from May 2004 to September 2008, were analyzed. Including 10 males and 4 females, aged from 20 to 65 (37.3±11.4) years. Six patients suffered pulmonary infection within 3 months, 7 patients occurred pulmonary infection occurred during 3-6 months, and pulmonary infection occurred in 1 patient at 6 months after kidney transplantation. The infection rate was 93% during 6 months after kidney transplantation. The diagnosis of pulmonary infection was according to the clinical manifestation of respiratory system, and combined with specificity display of sternum, CT or detection of pathogen. Oxygen inhale and mechanical ventilation were employed for admitted patients. And electrolytes, acid-base equilibrium was daily detected. Twelve patients accepted "three-medicine" treatment and 2 cases accepted "four-medicine" treatment. The therapeutic drugs could be regulated individually. The dose of immunosuppressive agent was adjusted due to ciclosporin, CD4~+/CD8~+, and C-reactive protein levels. RESULTS: The pathogens of pulmonary infection were bacteria (5 patients), fungi (4 patients), and mixed infection (3 patients). No pathogen was found in 2 patients. Four patients died of acute respiratory distress syndrome, 1 patient died for quitting treatment. The remained 9 patients were cured. The mortality was 36%, and the recovery rate was 64%, CONCLUSION: The cure rate of patients with severe pulmonary infection following kidney transplantation can be increased by early combining antibiotics treatment, regulating immunosuppressive agents, early identifying pathogens, taking respiratory support therapy, as weii as adding nutritional supplement.

The present article reviews the advances in the studies of male reproductive toxicity of the pesticides that are widely used and commonly researched in the recent years by means of animal experiment and human investigation. The mechanism of male reproductive toxicity of pesticides is discussed. And problems are raised in the evaluation of human reproductive hazards.
Animals ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Genitalia, Male ; drug effects ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Pesticides ; toxicity ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects

Objective To explore the effect of selective beta-1 adrenoreceptor blocker on exercise tolerance in patients with hyperten-sion. Methods From May, 2015 to May, 2016, 72 patients with hypertension were divided into two groups, according to whether taking the selective beta-1 receptor blocker. Group A (n=35) took the selective beta-1 receptor blocker two weeks before cardiopulmonary exercise, while group B (n=37) did not take anything at the same time. The exercise tolerance was compared between two groups. Results The maxi-mal systolic blood pressure, peak heart rate, one-minute heart rate after exercise (HR1) and rate-pressure product were lower in group A than in group B (t>2.012, P<0.05), however, the recovery value of HR1 was higher in group A than in group B (t=2.100, P<0.05). There was no difference in both peak power and peak oxygen uptake between two groups (t<0.689, P>0.05). Conclusion The selective beta-1 adrenore-ceptor blocker could reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and improve vagus nerve activity, but did not reduce exercise tolerance in pa-tients with hypertension.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of low-dose of ionizing radiation on thyroid function of medical occupational group with long-term exposure; furthermore; we analyzed the relationship between the thyroid hormones and the risk factors; such as exposure length; department. Ultimately; providing the scientific basis for setting the ionizing radiation protection standards. Methods: The population who engaged radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy in a tertiary-A hospital were set up as occupational exposure; 724 medical professionals as the research object. We figured out the basic information and general condition of the groups by face-to-face questionnaire survey; By means of the thyroid hormone testing; we analyzed the thyroid hormone levels with different population; occupational exposure factors. Then; obtained the prevalence of thyroid nodules by the thyroid ultrasound. Besides; we used the logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors related to thyroid nodule. Applying Epidata、Excel in data management. All the data was analyzed by statistical software package Stata12.0. Descriptive statistics; single factor analysis of variance and other statistical methods were used for data analysis. Test standard: α=0.05、P<0.05 statistical significant. Results: 1. Based on the work experience; we divided the study population into four groups; such as 1-9; 10-19; 20-29; and>30 years. The difference of the TSH level among the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.05) . 2. The multiple logistic regression showed that sex and seniority were the independent risk factors for the abnormal rate of thyroid nodules. Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiatiom could induce the thyroid damage of medical occupational population; which should be broader concerned.

Objective To investigate the effect of tonifying kidney and promoting pharynx prescription on IgA nephropathy model rats and the mechanism of regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway.Methods After SD rats were randomly divided into groups,the rat model of IgA nephropathy was replicated.After the medication,urinary RBC,UTP,blood creatinine,urea nitrogen,renal tissue TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB,MCP-1 expression,C1GALT1 and cosmoc mRNA expression in peripheral blood,TLR4,NF-κB and IL-6 in serum were observed.Results ①Compared with the blank group,urinary RBC,UTP,and renal tissue TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB,MCP-1 expression,C1GALT1 and cosmoc mRNA expression in peripheral blood,TLR4,NF-κB and IL-6 in serum increased in the model group(P<0.05).②Compared with the model group,UTP,urinary RBC,renal tissue TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB,MCP-1 expression,C1GALT1 and cosmoc mRNA expression in peripheral blood,the content of TLR4 and NF-κB,IL-6 were decreased(P<0.05)in tonifying kidney and promoting pharynx prescription group;There was no significant change in renal function.Conclusions ①The tonifying kidney and promoting pharynx prescription can effectively reduce hematuria and proteinuria in rats with IgA nephropathy.②The tonifying kidney and promoting pharynx prescription can reduce renal injury by improving the immune response mediated by TLR4 Signal transduction system induced by mucosal infection and reducing abnormal glycosylation IgA1 by adjusting key enzyme C1GalT1 and molecular companion Cosmc in IgA1 glycosylation process.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between high-sensitivity C reactive protein （hs-CRP） and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) in patents with cardiovascular disease. MethodsExercise tests, following a symptom-limited standard Bruce protocol with simultaneous respiratory gas-exchange measurements, were performed on a treadmill in 17 post-PCI patients, 21 stable angina pectoris and 24 patients with essential hypertension (EH). The oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE) were determined. The OUES was derived from the relation between VO2 (ml/min) and VE (L/min) during incremental exercise and was determined by VO2=a×lgVE+b, where a = OUES. The OUES was calculated from data of the first 75% (OUES75) and 100% (OUES100) of exercise duration. The serum hs-CRP was measured by immunoassays, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured with echocardiography. ResultsOUES75 （r=-0.506,P＜0.001）, OUES100 （r=-0.567,P＜0.001） and LVEF （r=-0.286,P＜0.01） were correlated with lg(hs-CRP). In stepwise multivariable linear regression models, lg(hs-CRP) （β=-0.374，P=0.006）, body height （β=-1.854，P=0.036）, body weight （β=-5.033，P=0.034）were independent risk factors of lower OUES75. lg(hs-CRP) （β=-0.396，P=0.003）, body height （β=-2.157，P=0.013）, body weight （β=-5.912，P=0.011） were independent risk factors of lower OUES100. ConclusionThe serum leveles of hs-CRP may be the useful marker that reflecting cardiopulmonary functional reserve and left ventricular function.

Objective To study the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of torsion of testes in newborn. Method Neonates who were diagnosed with neonatal testicular torsion and admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital from March 2008 to July 2018 were studied. The clinical data such as days in age, time of onset, clinical manifestations, time of ultrasound examination, characteristics of ultrasound examination, surgery time, surgical types, postoperative conditions, pathological findings, and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. Result A total of 12 infants with torsion of testes were enrolled. The average onset time was 2.9 d, ranged from 1～10 d. The time of onset was within 24 h after birth in six infants. The median duration from onset to seeing a doctor was 3.5 d, ranged from 2 h to 28 d. First manifestations being reported grammer were scrotal swelling or mass, including 7 cases on the left side and 5 cases on the right side. Among them, 9 cases were associated with redness or cyanosis of the scrotum. Ultrasound was characterized by the disappearance or significant reduction of testicular parenchymal blood flow signal, and the sensitivity of ultrasound was 100％. The average time from admission to operation was (2.1±1.1) h. All the 12 infants had orchiectomy,after necrosis of unilateral testicle was confirmed. Eight of them underwent contralateral test icular fixation. The average operation time was 46 min. There was no wound bleeding or infection postoperatively, and the average hospital stay was 6.4 d. The pathological features were blurred residual contour of the seminiferous tubule (9 cases) or the disappearance of the seminiferous tubule structure (3 cases). After 3 to 24 months of follow-up, no contralateral testicular torsion or atrophy was found. Conclusion The rate of testicular necrosis in children with torsion of testes is high. The newborn with scrotal swelling should be diagnosed promptly with color Doppler ultrasound. If necessary, surgical exploration should be performed in time.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Tofacitinib combined with leflunomide in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its effects on Janus Kinase (JAK)/signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway-related proteins and Matrix metalloproteinase levels in serum of patients with RA.Methods:This was a prospective case-control study. A total of 80 patients with RA in our hospital from March 2020 to September 2021 were included into the study. They were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The patients in observation group were treated with Tofacitinib combined with leflunomide, while the patients in control group were treated with leflunomide alone. After 12 weeks of continuous treatment, the curative effect of the two groups was observed. Typical clinical manifestation [including Visual analogue scale (VAS) score of joint pain, number of tenderness joints, number of swollen joints, time of morning stiffness], disease activity score uses 28 joint counts (DAS28) scores, the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) total scores and serum JAK3, STAT3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The adverse effects of the two groups were also analyzed. Chi-square test, paired sample t test, independent sample t test and Fisher exact probability method were used for statistical analysis. Results:After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the american college of rheumatology (ACR)20 compliance rates in the observation group were 37.5%(15/40), 62.5%(25/40) and 80.0%(32/40), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group at the same period [17.5%(7/40), 37.5%(15/40), 57.5%(23/40); χ2=4.01, P=0.045; χ2=5.00, P=0.025; χ2=4.71, P=0.030]. After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the ACR50 compliance rates in the observation group were [35.0%(14/40) and 47.5%(19/40), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group at the same period 15.0%(6/40) and 20.0%(8/40), χ2=4.27, P=0.039; χ2=6.76, P=0.009]. After treatment, the joint pain VAS score, number of tenderness joints, number of swollen joints, DAS28 scores and SF-36 total scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group( t=5.55, P<0.001; t=9.98, P<0.001; t=11.77, P<0.001; t=4.50, P<0.001; t=5.28, P<0.001), and time of morning stiffness was shorter than that in the control group ( t=4.76, P<0.001). After treatment, The serum levels of JAK3, STAT3, IL-6, IL-17, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 in the obser vation group were (2 354±476) pg/ml, (1.04±0.17) ng/ml, (12.4±2.8) pg/ml, (30±5) pg/mL, (65±14) μg/L, (76±12) μg/L, (11.5±1.8) μg/L, which were lower than those in control group [(2 715±584) pg/ml (1.22±0.29) ng/mL, (16.8±3.6) pg/ml, (40±7) pg/ml, (98±15) μg/L, (123±20) μg/L, (14.9±2.8) μg/L, t=3.03, P<0.05; t=3.39, P<0.05; t=6.10, P<0.05; t=7.35, P<0.05; t=10.17, P<0.05; t=12.74, P<0.05; t=6.46, P<0.05]. The adverse reaction rate of the observation group [35.0%(14/40)] had no statistically significant difference compared with that in the control group [27.5%(11/40)]( χ2=0.52, P=0.469). Conclusion:The overall effect of Tofacitinib com bined with leflunomide in the treatment of RA is satisfactory and it is a safe and effective way to improve the clinical manifestation, disease activity and quality of life of patients with RA. The effect may be related to the significant down-regulation of the expression levels of Serum JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related Proteins and MMPs.