Objective:To investigate the effect of recombinant plasmid pcEgr-p53 stable transfection in combination with X-ray irradiation on the apoptotic effect and the changes of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expressions in human A549 tumor cells.Methods:pEgr-hp53 packaged with liposome was stably transfected into A549 cells in vitro.These cells of expressing A549-hp53 and A549-vect were irradiated with 0,0.5,2 and 5 Gy X-rays,respectively,i.e.8 experimental groups.The A549 cells responding to the apoptotic effect and the changes of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expressions were measured with TUNEL assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Results:The percentage of apoptotic cells in A549-hp53 plus different dose irradiation group were significantly higher than that in 0 Gy group(P

Objective To explore the effect of multiple low dose radiation(LDR)on the apoptosis of splenocytes and immune factors in diabetes mellitus(DM)rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into control,DM and DM + LDR groups.The irradiation doses were 25,50 and 75 mGy,and the irradiated times were 15.At the fourth weekend after the DM rats irradiated,the apoptotie rate and TCRαβ percentage of splenoeytes were detected by flow cytometry,and the content of IL-2 in both serum and supernatant of cultured splenocytes were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with that in the control,the body weight(BW)decreased in the DM and DM + LDR groups,particularly in DM group.The blood glucose(BG)level in the DM + LDR groups was higher than that in the control,but decreased significantly as compared with that in the DM group(P < 0.01).As compared with those in the control,the apoptotic rate in DM + 50 mGy(P < 0.05)and the content of serum IL-2 in DM + 75 mGy group(P < 0.01)all increased significantly,while the content of IL-2 in supernatant of cultured splenocytes decreased significantly in the DM + LDR groups.Compared with those in the DM group,the apoptotic rate and the percentage of TCRαβ in splenocytes in the DM + LDR groups(P < 0.01-P < 0.001)and the content of IL-2 in serum in DM + 50 mGy group(P < 0.01)decreased significantly.Conclusions The multiple LDR could weaken the loss of BW and increase of BG caused by DM,decrease the splenocyte apoptosis induced by DM,and regulate the immune factors.

Recently,immunologists have payed the attention to the effects of ionizing radiation on tumor immunity,and attempted to induce and improve anti-tumor immune effects with it.More and more evidences showed that exact radiotherapy scheme and irradiation dose,particularly combined with immunotherapy,could induce or regulate systemic immune response and contributed to tumor control and inflammatory occurrence.This paper reviewed the effects and mechanisms of radiotherapy on tumor immune and the results in combination with immunotherapy here for guiding the effective combined application of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of Gandou decoction （GDD） by analyzing theclinical efficacy of GDD combined with speech training on the treatment of dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat in Wilson's disease （WD）， so as to provide more clinical data and theoretical support for the selection of appropriate treatment schemes for WD patients with dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat. MethodA total of 60 eligible WD patients with dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat were selected and divided into a control group and a treatment group according to the random grouping method， with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with speech training + sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate （DMPS）， and the treatment group was combined with GDD on the basis of the control group， with eight days as a course of treatment for 32 days. The total clinical effectiveness rate （Goldstein clinical classification）， dysarthria grading assessment from China Rehabilitation Research Center， TCM syndrome scores， 24-hour urine copper content， and modified Frenchay dysarthria rating scale scores of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. ResultAfter treatment， the total effective rate of the observation group was 90.0% （27/30）， and that of the control group was 70.0% （21/30）. The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （Z=-1.986，P<0.05）. After treatment， the modified Frenchay dysarthria score， dysarthria grading assessment from China Rehabilitation Research Center， and 24-h urine copper in the two groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the TCM syndrome score was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， except for the respiratory and jaw score， the modified Frenchay dysarthria score of the observation group was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The dysarthria grading from China Rehabilitation Research Center and 24-h urine copper content were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the observation group had better efficacy. During the study period， there were no serious adverse reactions such as fever， rash， oral and eyelid mucosal swelling， exfoliative dermatitis， vomiting， diarrhea， or allergic shock during copper excretion treatment of DPMS and oral administration of GDD. ConclusionGDD combined with speech training can improve the symptoms and efficacy of WD patients with dysarthria with endoretention of damp-heat and enhance the patients' living standard to a certain extent， which can be widely used in clinics.

Opioid analgesics are currently known as the best analgesics. However， toxicity and side effects such as constipation， tolerance and addiction severely limit their clinical application. With the in-depth understanding of the signal transduction mechanism of opioid receptors and the continuous advancement of drug design technology， researchers have managed to develop many promising new methods to get low-toxic and more efficient opioid analgesics， which are different from the traditional morphine skeleton structure modifications. This article focuses on three new research strategies of G-protein biased activation，“ one drug-multiple targets” and peripheral activation. The basic principles of relative separation of analgesic activity and adverse drug reaction by each strategy are introduced， and the latest research progress of representative drugs is briefly reviewed. Among them， the recently approved novel opioid analgesics oliceridine and tegileridine are G-protein biased μ-opioid receptor agonists， Cebranopadol is a typical “one drug-multiple targets” analgesic， and NFEPP is a representative drug of peripheral opioid receptor agonists. The above several strategies complement each other and provide reference for the development of new opioid analgesic drugs.