Briefly discuss some recognation problems about acupuncture treatment of periarthritis of shoulder at present and put forward the methods for diagnosis and acupuncture treatment based on accurate location.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Meridians ; Periarthritis ; therapy ; Shoulder Joint ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Shoulder Pain ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the activities of head, neck and upper trunk muscles with mandibular movement in normal adults.

METHODSThe integral data of surface electromyography (EMG) had been recorded to analyze the activities of anterior temporal (Ta), posterior temporal (Tp), sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TRAP) muscles with mandibular movement in ten normal adults.

RESULTSThe former mentioned muscles acted constantly when the mandible was in the rest position. The activities of Ta, Tp and SCM muscles increased with protrusion of mandible, mouth opening, tapping, maximum clenching, and chewing movements. The amplitudes of the increased activity of these muscles were correlated significantly with each other. When the activities of Ta and Tp muscles increased to 56 times and 25 times respectively, the activity of SCM muscle increased to 5 - 6 times. The activity of trapezius muscle increased with protrusion of mandible and opening movement, but tended to stop with the maximum clenching and chewing movement. The correlations of left and right sides of the same muscles had been found.

CONCLUSIONSThe muscles of head, neck and upper trunk can act as contributors to keep the mandibular positions and take part in the mandibular movements.

Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Head Movements ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; physiology ; Mastication ; physiology ; Movement ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Neck Muscles ; physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; physiology ; Temporomandibular Joint ; physiology

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a postural-stability patient transfer technique for care helpers in nursing homes and to evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: Four types of patient transfer techniques (Lifting towards the head board of the bed, turning to the lateral position, sitting upright on the bed, transferring from wheel chair to bed) were practiced in accordance with the following three methods; Care helpers habitually used transfer methods (Method 1), patient transfer methods according to care helper standard textbooks (Method 2), and a method developed by the author ensuring postural-stability (Method 3). The care helpers' muscle activity and four joint angles were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the program SPSS Statistic 21.0. To differentiate the muscle activity and joint angle, the Friedman test was executed and the post-hoc analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. RESULTS: Muscle activity was significantly lower during Method 3 compared to Methods 1 and 2. In addition, the joint angle was significantly lower for the knee and shoulder joint angle while performing Method 3 compared to Methods 1 and 2. DISCUSSION: Findings indicate that using postural-stability patient transfer techniques can contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disease which care helpers suffer from due to physically demanding patient care in nursing homes.
Adult ; Aged ; *Caregivers ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Nursing Homes ; Patient Transfer/*methods ; Posture ; Shoulder Joint/physiology

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if capsular repair used in conjunction with the Latarjet procedure results in significant alterations in glenohumeral rotational range of motion and translation. METHODS: Glenohumeral rotational range of motion and translation were measured in eight cadaveric shoulders in 90degrees of abduction in both the scapular and coronal planes under the following four conditions: intact glenoid, 20% bony Bankart lesion, modified Latarjet without capsular repair, and modified Latarjet with capsular repair. RESULTS: Creation of a 20% bony Bankart lesion led to significant increases in anterior and inferior glenohumeral translation and rotational range of motion (p < 0.005). The Latarjet procedure restored anterior and inferior stability compared to the bony Bankart condition. It also led to significant increases in glenohumeral internal and external rotational range of motion relative to both the intact and bony Bankart conditions (p < 0.05). The capsular repair from the coracoacromial ligament stump to the native capsule did not significantly affect translations relative to the Latarjet condition; however it did cause a significant decrease in external rotation in both the scapular and coronal planes (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The Latarjet procedure is effective in restoring anteroinferior glenohumeral stability. The addition of a capsular repair does not result in significant added stability; however, it does appear to have the effect of restricting glenohumeral external rotational range of motion relative to the Latarjet procedure performed without capsular repair.
Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus/physiology/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular/*physiology ; Scapula/physiology/surgery ; Shoulder Joint/*physiology/*surgery

The motions of humeral external rotation with and without the anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (AB-IGHL) were simulated. As a result of comparison, the contact pressure and contact force are all higher when the AB-IGHL was included in the model. Therefore, it is theoretically proved that the AB-IGHL constrains the motion of humerus during humeral external rotation. The predicted values for von Mises and the maximum tense force in the AB-IGHL were 4.433 MPa and 37.32 N respectively, occurring on the humeral side of the ligament. This approach to evaluating the function of AB-IGHL would provide greater insight into the mechanical contribution of AB-IGHL to joint function, identify the mechanism of a hurt to AB-IGHL, and provide a quantitative means for developing low-risk rehabilitation protocols.
Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Ligaments, Articular ; physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotation ; Shoulder Joint ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Tensile Strength

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of passive upper arm exercise on range of motion, muscle strength, and muscle spasticity in hemiplegic patients with cerebral vascular disease. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group was utilized. According to inclusion criteria, 25 patients were assigned to the control group with routine care, followed by 25 to the intervention group with passive exercise for 30 minutes per session, twice a day for 2 weeks. Eighteen patients in the intervention group and 17 in the control group completed the posttest measurement, including range of motion for upper arm joints, manual muscle test, and Modified Ashworth Scale for muscle spasticity. RESULTS: The intervention group had a significantly improved range of motion in the shoulder and wrist joints. No interaction effect was found for the elbow joint. No significant differences were found in muscle strength or muscle spasticity between the groups. CONCLUSION: Results of the study indicate that passive exercise safely applied for two weeks improves range of motion in joints of the upper arm in these patients. Further study with long-term follow-up is needed to verify the role of passive exercise in preventing muscle spasticity in this population.
Adult ; Aged ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/*complications ; *Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Hemiplegia/complications/*therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Muscle Spasticity ; *Muscle Strength ; *Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Joint/physiology ; Wrist Joint/physiology

BACKGROUND: There have been few reports on altered kinematics of the shoulder after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). We investigated differences in 3-dimensional (3D) scapular motions assessed using an optical tracking system between RTSA treated shoulders and asymptomatic contralateral shoulders during arm motion. METHODS: Thirteen patients who underwent RTSA were assessed for active arm elevation in 2 distinct elevation planes (sagittal plane flexion and scapular plane abduction). Their mean age was 72 years (range, 69 to 79 years) and the mean follow-up was 24.4 months (range, 13 to 48 months). The dominant side was the right side in all the 13 patients, and it was also the side treated with RTSA. Scapular kinematics was recorded with an optical tracking system. The scapular kinematics and the scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) of the RTSA shoulders and asymptomatic contralateral shoulders were recorded and analyzed during arm elevation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in internal/external rotation and anterior/posterior tilting of the scapula between shoulders during arm motion (p > 0.05). However, upward rotation of the scapula differed significantly during arm motion (p = 0.035 for sagittal plane flexion; p = 0.046 for scapular plane abduction). There were significant differences in the SHR between the two shoulders (p = 0.016 for sagittal plane flexion; p = 0.021 for scapular plane abduction). CONCLUSIONS: The shoulder kinematics after RTSA showed significant differences from the contralateral asymptomatic shoulders. Increased upward rotation and decreased SHR after RTSA indicate that RTSA shoulders use more scapulothoracic motion and less glenohumeral motion to elevate the arm.
Aged ; Arm/physiology ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder/*methods ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Fiducial Markers ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular/*physiology ; Scapula/*physiology ; Shoulder Joint/*physiology

The Tikhoff-Linberg procedure is a limb-sparing surgical option to be considered for bony and soft tissue tumors in and around the proximal humerus and shoulder girdle. The authors reported 6 cases of the Tikhoff-Linberg procedure for tumors around the shoulder joint at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Severance Hospital from March 1988 to May 1989. The results of the study are as follows: The 6 cases were composed of: osteogenic sarcoma 2 cases, chondrosarcoma 2 cases, chondroblastoma 1 case, and giant cell tumor 1 case. The tumors were completely removed by the Tikhoff-Linberg procedure without amputation or disarticulation of the upper extremity. The distal clavicle, upper humerus and part of all of the scapula were resected. The Tikhoff-Linberg procedure was performed for patients whose tumors did not involve the neurovascular bundle in the axilla. The function of the hand and forearm after the Tikhoff-Linberg procedure was nearly normal in all cases. The Tikhoff-Linberg procedure would be recommended as a limb-sparing operation for tumors around the shoulder joint that require wide resection without disarticulation or forequarter amputation of the upper extremities.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms/radiography/*surgery ; Case Report ; Female ; Hand/physiology ; Human ; Male ; Methods ; Shoulder Joint/*surgery

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve has become a routine procedure for restoration of shoulder abduction. However, the operation via the traditional supraclavicular anterior approach often leads to partial denervation of the trapezius muscle. The purpose of the study was to introduce transfer of the spinal accessory nerve through dorsal approach, using distal branch of the spinal accessory nerve, to repair the suprascapular nerve for restoration of shoulder abduction, and to observe its therapeutic effect.

METHODSFrom January to October 2003, a total of 11 patients with a brachial plexus injury and an intact or nearly intact spinal accessory nerve were treated by transferring the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve through dorsal approach. The patients were followed up for 18 to 26 months [mean (23.5 +/- 5.2) months] to evaluate their shoulder abduction and function of the trapezius muscle. The outcomes were compared with those of 26 patients treated with traditional anterior approach. And the data were analyzed by Student's t test using SPSS 10.5.

RESULTSIn the 11 patients, the spinal accessory nerves were transferred to the suprascapular nerve through the dorsal approach successfully. Intact function of the upper trapezius was achieved in all of them. In the patients, the location of the two nerves was relatively stable at the level of superior margin of the scapula, the mean distance between them was (4.2 +/- 1.4) cm, both the nerves could be easily dissected and end-to-end anastomosed without any tension. During the follow-up, the first electrophysiological sign of recovery of the infraspinatus appeared at (6.8 +/- 2.7) months and the first sign of restoration of the shoulder abduction at (7.6 +/- 2.9) months after the operation, which were earlier than that after the traditional operation [(8.7 +/- 2.4) months and (9.9 +/- 2.8) months, respectively; P < 0.05]. The postoperative shoulder abduction was 62.8 degrees +/- 12.6 degrees after transfer of the spinal accessory nerve, better than that after the traditional (51.6 degrees +/- 15.7 degrees). All the 11 patients could extend and externally rotate the shoulder almost normally.

CONCLUSIONSThe accessory nerve transfer through dorsal approach is a safe and reliable procedure for the treatment of brachial plexus injury. Its postoperative effect is confirmed, which is better than that of the traditional operation.

Accessory Nerve ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Brachial Plexus ; injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Transfer ; methods ; Shoulder Joint ; innervation ; physiology

An 82-year-old man presented with neck pain, right upper limb radiculopathy and right shoulder pain. Physical examination revealed a soft lump over the right shoulder joint, as well as reduced range of shoulder movements. On magnetic resonance imaging, the soft lump was shown to be a cystic mass over the acromioclavicular joint and was related to a full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear. This is the classic geyser sign. The pathophysiology and clinical features of the geyser sign, and its imaging features with various imaging modalities, are discussed.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; physiology ; Shoulder Joint ; pathology ; Tendon Injuries ; pathology