Objective To explore the activity of Elemene for glioma cell from the cellular and molecular level. Methods The human glioma cell U251 was cultured. The effect of Elemene for human glioma cell proliferation was studied by MTT assay. Cell cycle, Fas, PCNA, bcl-2, intracellular Ca~(2+) and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Results Elemene exhibited antiproliferative effect on human glioma cell U251 markedly. The fifty percent inhibition on concentration (IC_(50)) of Elemene against glioma cells at different time points. 24 h was 40.60 μg/ml, the 48 h 38.14 μg/ml and the 72 h 34.35 μg/ml.Cell cycle was blocked in the S and G_2/M phases. The apoptosis ratio was increased by Annexin V staining markedly. Elemene decreased the gene expressions of PCNA and Fas, increased the intracellular Ca~(2+). There was no significant effect on the bcl -2 gene expression. Conclusion Elemene exhibits a marked antiproliferative effect on glioma cells and induces apoptosis by decreasing the expression of PCNA and increasing intracellular Ca~(2+). It also influences the expression of Fas. It might have no relationship with bcl-2 gene expression.

BACKGROUND:Inflammatory factor plays an important role in restenosis after bal oon injury. Sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 can enhance the expression of inflammatory factor and promote development and progression of this pathological process.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of the inflammatory factors and sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 after bal oon injury of the rat carotid artery and effects of fingolimod hydrochloride on reducing inflammatory reaction.
METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into four groups. In the blank control group and negative control group, left common carotid artery was only isolated, and left external carotid artery was ligated. In the bal oon injury group and drug intervention group, rat models of carotid artery injury were
established by bal oon injury on the left common carotid artery. In the negative control and drug intervention groups, the rats were intraperitoneal y injected with fingolimod hydrochloride 1 mg/kg. In the blank control and bal oon injury groups, the rats were intraperitoneal y injected with an equal volume of saline. Samples were col ected at 3, 7 and 21 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the proliferation of blood vessel was remarkable in the bal oon injury group, but attenuated in the drug intervention group. The appearance of blood vessels was normal in the blank control group and negative control group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR revealed that cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the drug intervention group than those in the bal oon injury group at 7 days (P<0.05). Cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the bal oon injury group and drug intervention group than those in the blank control group and negative control group at the same time point (P<0.05). Western blot assay results revealed that sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 expression was high in early stage of injury, and then reduced in late stage of injury. In particular, protein expression further decreased after drug intervention. Results indicated that fingolimod hydrochloride suppressed inflammatory reaction of injured blood vessels and lessened the stenosis of injured blood vessels by regulating cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression using sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1.

Objective To explore the association of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pump gene Rv1217c-Rv1218c and the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods A total of 34 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates including 24 drug-resistance isolates which were resistant to riffampicin,isoniazid,streptomycin or ethambutol and resistant to at least one second-line antituberculosis drug,and 10 drug-sensitive isolates were involved in this study.The RNA of isolated strains was extracted and then reverse transcribed. Gene expression was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and data was analyzed by t test and Logistic regression analysis.Results The expressions of Rv1217c in rifampicin-resistant group (2.13 ± 1.89,t =3.44,P＜0.01),isoniazid-resistant group ( 1.84 ± 1.86,t =3.16,P＜ 0.05),streptomycin-resistant group ( 1.86 ±1.96,t=2.78,P＜0.05) and ethambutol-resistant groups (3.36±2.35,t=3.04,P＜0.05) were all higher than sensitive isolates (0.42 ± 0.31).The expressions of Rv1218c in rifampicin-resistant group (2.54±1.84,t=3.82,P＜0.01),isoniazid-resistant group (2.34± 1.84,t=3.72,P＜0.01),streptomycin-resistant group (2.15±1.86,t=3.01,P＜0.01) and ethambutol-resistant groups (3.78± 1.78,t=4.22,P＜0.01 ) were all higher than sensitive isolates (0.65 ± 0.42).The expressions of Rv1217c and Rv1218c in multidrug resistant group were 2.74±2.07 and 3.33± 1.77,respectively,which were both higher than polydrug resistant group (0.79 ± 0.47 and 1.03 ± 0.79,respectively; t =2.91,P＜0.05 ; t =3.84,P＜0.01,respectively).Logistic regression analysis found that high Rv1217c expression was positively correlated with rifampicin resistance and negatively correlated with isoniazid resistance (both P＜ 0.01 ),while high Rv1218c expression was negatively correlated with rifampicin resistance and positively correlated with isoniazid resistance (both P＜0.01 ).High expressions of two genes were both positively correlated with ethambutol resistance and multidrug resistance (both P＜0.01 ) and not statistically correlated with streptomycin resistance (P＞0.05).Conclusions The expressions of ABC efflux pump gene,Rv1217c-Rv1218c,are correlated with multiple drug resistance.The overexpression may contribute to the multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The policy system for the construction and management of public hospital with multiple districts is gradually being established and improved,the game among stakeholders affects the effect of policy implementation.There are differences in the strictness of policy implementation on national and local health commission,deviations between local government urban development requirements and the hospital's own construction goals in the process of policy implementation.Based on the game theory of public policy implementation,it analyzes the influencing factors of one hospital with multiple districts and the focus issues encountered in policy implementation,put forward management suggestions for health commission and public hospitals.

The policy system for the construction and management of public hospital with multiple districts is gradually being established and improved,the game among stakeholders affects the effect of policy implementation.There are differences in the strictness of policy implementation on national and local health commission,deviations between local government urban development requirements and the hospital's own construction goals in the process of policy implementation.Based on the game theory of public policy implementation,it analyzes the influencing factors of one hospital with multiple districts and the focus issues encountered in policy implementation,put forward management suggestions for health commission and public hospitals.

The policy system for the construction and management of public hospital with multiple districts is gradually being established and improved,the game among stakeholders affects the effect of policy implementation.There are differences in the strictness of policy implementation on national and local health commission,deviations between local government urban development requirements and the hospital's own construction goals in the process of policy implementation.Based on the game theory of public policy implementation,it analyzes the influencing factors of one hospital with multiple districts and the focus issues encountered in policy implementation,put forward management suggestions for health commission and public hospitals.

The policy system for the construction and management of public hospital with multiple districts is gradually being established and improved,the game among stakeholders affects the effect of policy implementation.There are differences in the strictness of policy implementation on national and local health commission,deviations between local government urban development requirements and the hospital's own construction goals in the process of policy implementation.Based on the game theory of public policy implementation,it analyzes the influencing factors of one hospital with multiple districts and the focus issues encountered in policy implementation,put forward management suggestions for health commission and public hospitals.

The policy system for the construction and management of public hospital with multiple districts is gradually being established and improved,the game among stakeholders affects the effect of policy implementation.There are differences in the strictness of policy implementation on national and local health commission,deviations between local government urban development requirements and the hospital's own construction goals in the process of policy implementation.Based on the game theory of public policy implementation,it analyzes the influencing factors of one hospital with multiple districts and the focus issues encountered in policy implementation,put forward management suggestions for health commission and public hospitals.

The policy system for the construction and management of public hospital with multiple districts is gradually being established and improved,the game among stakeholders affects the effect of policy implementation.There are differences in the strictness of policy implementation on national and local health commission,deviations between local government urban development requirements and the hospital's own construction goals in the process of policy implementation.Based on the game theory of public policy implementation,it analyzes the influencing factors of one hospital with multiple districts and the focus issues encountered in policy implementation,put forward management suggestions for health commission and public hospitals.

The policy system for the construction and management of public hospital with multiple districts is gradually being established and improved,the game among stakeholders affects the effect of policy implementation.There are differences in the strictness of policy implementation on national and local health commission,deviations between local government urban development requirements and the hospital's own construction goals in the process of policy implementation.Based on the game theory of public policy implementation,it analyzes the influencing factors of one hospital with multiple districts and the focus issues encountered in policy implementation,put forward management suggestions for health commission and public hospitals.