BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block has many functions by improving brain circulation, modulating immunity, reducing plasmic catecholamine content, interleukin-6 is one of the most sensitive and important predictors and mediators for acute organic stress response, playing neuroprotective and neurotoxic double roles in brain ischemic injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of stellate ganglion block in rat brain during ischemic-reperfusion period on the changes of serum interleukin-6,in order to probe the role of stellate ganglion block in brain ischemicreperfusional injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimentation.SETTING: Anaesthesia Department of Taihe Hospital Mfiliated to Yunyang Medical College, and Anaesthesia Department of Renmin Hospital Affiliated to Yunyang Medical College.MATERIALS: This experiment on animals was carried out at the Experimental Center of Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Yunyang Medical College at March 2003, interleukin-6 reagent kit and determination was provided and conducted by the immunity research institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Totally 28 big-ear healthy rabbits in which male or female was not limited were selected and randomly divided into stellate ganglion group, saline comparison group, blank comparison group and sham operation group with 7 rabbits in each group.METHODS: A pipe was set approximate to the stellate ganglion of all animals by operative method, six-vessels block method was used to simulate whole brain ischemic-reperfusion model, in stellate ganglion block group,artery clamp was lossen for reperfusiion at 15 minutes after ischemia, simultaneously 2.5 g/L bupivacaine was continuously pumped into left side of stellate ganglion for nerve block, which replaced by physical saline and nothing in respectively physical saline comparison group and blank comparison group, while rabbits in sham operation group were only subjected to surgery without artery clamp. RIA was used to determine serum interleukin-6 content at before ischemia, reperfusion of 10 minutes, 4 hours, 10hours, when 20 hours and 30 hours individually.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum interleukin-6 content in each group at various post-reperfusional time points.RESULTS: Totally 28 big-ears white rabbits were enrolled in this experiment and all data was entered the result analysis. Interleukin-6 content was on an increasing tendency in all groups, while was higher in stellate ganglion block group than in sham operation group only at reperfusion 30time point, the difference has significance [(321±52) and (299±45) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05]; Comparing to pre-ischemic group, interleukin-6 in physical saline group began increase remarkably from onset of reperfusion 4 hours[(365±46) ng/L], but began obviously increase at reperfusion 10 hours in blank comparison group [(368±31) ng/L, P ＜ 0.05]. The difference of interleukin-6 among stellate ganglion block group, sham operation group,physical saline group and blank comparison group does not have statistical significance (P＞0.05); the level of interleukin-6 in physical saline group and blank comparison group were higher than in sham at all reperfusion 4-30 hours, and even higher than in stellate ganglion group after reperfusion 10 hours, the difference has significant meaning (P ＜ 0.05). Moreover the increase of interleukin-6 content in stellate ganglion block group was remarkably lower than physical saline comparison group and blank comparison group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Stellate ganglion block may obviously reduce serum interleukin-6 level in rabbit brain during ischemic-reperfusion period, implying stellate ganglion block has a certain protective and curative function on the whole brain ischemic-reperfusion damage, and considered as a promising way in the treatment of brain ischemic-reperfusion damage.

As a common primary intracranial tumor,malignant glioma accounts for 81% of all central nervous system malignancies.Af-ter standard treatment,such as surgery combined with external radiotherapy and chemotherapy,glioblastoma patients'survival is on-ly 14.4 months.Hence,the traditional treatment is difficult to meet patients'needs of survival and life quality.In recent years,chloro-genic acid(CGA),as plant extract polyphenols,has received widespread attention.Its antitumor properties,through its effects on the immune system,anti-oxidation properties,cell cycle regulation,and inhibition of tumor cell metastasis and invasion,have been exten-sively studied.This article will discuss the mechanisms involved in glioma treatment,synergism with other drugs,and metabolism in the human body,to provide a reference for the application of CGA in the treatment of the condition.

Objective: To perform a retrospective analysis of the prognosis and influence factors of radiotherapy concurrent with che-motherapy and adjuvant temozolomide therapy in adult patients with high-grade brainstem glioma. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with pathological diagnosis of high-grade glioma (World Health Organization [WHO] Ⅲ and Ⅳ) from June 2012 to December 2013 were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Demographic and clinical characteristics including age, gender, the time from morbidity to operation, the size of the lesion, the method of operation, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, and the pathological grade were examined. The significance of related prognostic factors was evaluated via univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis. A P-value of<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 11.5 months. Univari-ate analysis showed that low WHO grade index was associated with better outcome (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that high KPS score (>60) and low WHO grade were associated with better survival. Conclusions: In this study, low pathological grade and high KPS score were independently associated with better survival among patients with high-grade brainstem glioma.