OBJECTIVETo study the phenylethanoid glycosides from root of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora.

METHODColumn chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification of chemical constituents of the plant and the structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTSix phenylethanoid glycosides were isolated and elucidated as: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3) beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), scroside B (3), hemiphroside A (4), plantainoside D (5) and scroside A (6), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time and compound 2 was firstly obtained from natural source.

Disaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Picrorhiza ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia.

METHODColumn chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of chemical constituents of the plant and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTFive chemical constituents were isolated and elucidated as 4-C-beta-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (1), 4-C-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-1,3,6- trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (2), presenegenin (3), presenegenin-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside (4) and daucosterol (5), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1,3,4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 is a new natural product.

Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygala ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from flowers of Sesamum indicum.

METHODColumn chromatography with silica gel, C18 and Sephadex LH -20 as packing materials was used to separate the chemical constituents, and the structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSix flavones were isolated and elucidated as apigenin (1), ladanetin (2), ladanetin-6-O-beta-D-glucoside (3), apigenin-7-O-glucuronic acid (4), pedalitin (5), and pedalitin-6-O-glucoside (6).

CONCLUSIONAll of the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Apigenin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesamum ; chemistry

Objective To summarize the technique and managements of complications in endovascular embolization on intracranial aneurysm with Guglielmi detachable coils(GDC),and to evaluate the effect of the treatment.Methods One hundred and thirty six cases with Aneurizym were treated using GDC to embolize the aneurismal sac via femoral artery approach.Results One hundred and thirty six aneurysms were cured.Of them 132 cases recovered clinically,4 patients died.The mortality was 2.9%. The sac of 123 aneurysms were embolizied at 100%,8 cases with 95% embolization,5 with 90% embolization.3 aneurysms reptured during the embolization,cerebral vasospasm happened in 7 eases. microcoil escaped in 2 case.Three recurring cases were cured after second GDC embolization.The technique-related complications occured in 13 cases.No re-bleeding occurred during the 6 to 54-month follow-up.Conclusion Endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysm with coils is a safe and effective treatment for intracranial aneurysm.Advances in Techniques and treating the complications correctly would decrease the complications and improve future outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the root barks of Periploca sepium.

METHODColumn chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the chemical constituents. NMR and MS methods were employed for their structural elucidation.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as isovanillin (1), vanillin (2), 4-methoxysalicylic acid (3), (24R)-9, 19-cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24-diol (4), (24S)-9, 19-cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24-diol (5), cycloeucalenol (6), beta-amyrin acetate (7) and alpha-amyrin (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Benzaldehydes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Periploca ; chemistry ; Phytosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Lygodium japonicum.

METHODColumn chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification of chemical constituents of this plant and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as tilianin (I), kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (II), kaempferol (III), p-coumaric acid (IV), hexadecanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxy-propyl ester (V), daucosterol (VI), beta-sitosterol (VII, and 1-hentriacontanol (VIII) respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds I, II, V, VI, VII, VIII were isolated from L. japonicum for the first time, compounds I, II, V were isolated from genus Lygodium for the first time.

Ferns ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

To investigate the chemical constituents of the leaves of Adinandra nitida, several column chromatography methods were used to isolate the chemical constituents of this plant. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. Six compounds were isolated and identified as 2alpha, 3alpha, 19alpha-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), arjunetin (2), sericoside (3), glucosyl tormentate (4), nigaichigoside F1 (5) and arjunglucoside I (6), separately. Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2 -6 were isolated from A. nitida for the first time.
Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Theaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sirolimus-based immunosuppression administered on heart transplant recipients with chronic renal dysfunction.

METHODSFrom June 2004 to December 2008, standard calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based immunosuppressive regimen was changed to reduced-dose CNI plus sirolimus due to CNI-related chronic renal dysfunction in 20 out of 138 cardiac transplant recipients at Fuwai Hospital. The standard immunosuppressive regimen included steroid, CNI (cyclosporine or tacrolimus), and mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. Sirolimus was started at 0.75 - 1.50 mg/d with titration to achieve levels of 5 - 15 µg/L, and CNI dose was reduced gradually to 1/2-2/3 of the baseline level. Patients were followed for changes in renal function, lipid level and clinical side effects related to immunosuppressive therapy. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed routinely at 3 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. EMB was also performed at 3 months after regimen change within 1 year post-transplantation or when rejections were suspected in patients beyond 1 year post-transplantation. Echocardiography was performed for monitoring purpose.

RESULTSThe mean follow-up after regimen change was (7.9 ± 6.3) months. Final sirolimus dose was (0.89 ± 0.22) mg/d and blood drug level was (7.6 ± 3.8)µg/L. Cyclosporine dose was reduced from (191.7 ± 60.0) mg/d to (123.6 ± 34.8) mg/d, with blood drug concentration reduced from (175.5 ± 58.0) µg/L to (111.9 ± 56.0) µg/L in 18 patients (P < 0.01). Tacrolimus average dose was reduced from 4.25 mg/d to 3.00 mg/d, with blood drug concentration reduced from 13.5 µg/L to 10.5 µg/L in 2 patients. Serum creatinine level fell from (160.4 ± 25.5) µmol/L to (134.4 ± 26.8) µmol/L (P < 0.01) and urea nitrogen fell from (13.8 ± 4.7) µmol/L to (10.4 ± 3.0) µmol/L (P < 0.01) at one month after regimen change. Twenty two EMBs were performed in 11 patients within 1 year post-transplant, there were 4 episodes of acute rejected (ISHLT grade 2). Twenty patients are all alive and cardiac function was normal. The most common side effect was hyperlipidemia, and triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased at 1 month post regimen change (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Leukocyte, hemoglobin and platelet as well as liver function remained unchanged at 1 month post regimen change (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur results show that change from CNI-based immunosuppressive regimen to reduced-dose CNI plus sirolimus is an effective and safe approach for the management of patients with CNI-related chronic renal dysfunction, leading to an improvement in renal function without compromise in anti-rejection efficacy and with tolerable side effects.

Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Female ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use

Objective To explore the methods of early etiological diagnosis and principles of endovascular embolization in Hunt-Hess Ⅳ—Ⅴ grade subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.Methods Thirty-one patients underwent imaging examinations such as CT and DSA to make the early diagnosis of SAH.Meanwhile,Guglielmi detachable microcoil(GDC)was used to applying aneurysmal intracapsular embolization in the ruptured aneurysms,and efficient symptomatic treatment was adopted early postoperatively.The results were tested by ?~2 test.Results All 31 cases were diagnosed early and operated successfully.Among them,the aneurysm lumen was 100% occluded in 26 cases,95% occluded in 3 cases;90% occluded in 2 cases.There were 5 cases complicating with cerebral vasospasm.One case recurrent was cured with secondary complementary GDC embolization.Nine cases(29.0%)had permanent sequelae associated with SAH.According to the Glasgow prognosis score, the therapeutic efficacy was as following:6 patients were in grade Ⅰ,9 in grade Ⅱ,4 in grade m,2 in grade Ⅳ,and 10 in grade Ⅴ;10 patients died,and the morality rate was 32.3%.None of them exhibited re-bleeding with follow-up period of 3 to 68 months postoperatively.Morality rates were significantly different between the group with aneurysmal diameter of 11—25 mm and the group of 5—10 mm(?~2=6.60,P

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene-675 4G/5G and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphisms to recurrent early spontaneous abortion(RESA).

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-seven currently non-pregnant women with at least 3 unexplained spontaneous abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy (patient group). Normal control group consisted of 117 currently non-pregnant women with at least 1 pregnancy and without a history of prematurity, miscarriage, stillbirth, eclampsia and other pregnancy complications. The genotypes of PAI-1 gene and MTHFR gene were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restrictive fragment length polymorphism.

RESULTSThe frequencies of 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele of PAI-1 were higher in patient group (45.7% and 66.1%) than in normal controls (17.1% and 46.6%) (P < 0.01). The PAI-1 4G/4G genotype was significantly associated with RESA (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.23 - 10.35). Besides, MTHFR gene T/T genotype and T allele frequencies were increased in RESA patients (43.3% and 66.5%) versus normal controls (21.4% and 52.6%) (P < 0.01). The patients carrying T/T genotype had a high risk of early spontaneous abortion (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.40 - 7.30). In additionìthe presence of the PAI-1 gene 4G/4G genotype together with the T/T genotype of the MTHFR gene was found to be a risk factor (OR = 6.20, 95% CI: 2.62 - 14.67) for RESA greater than the 4G/4G genotype or the T/T genotype alone.

CONCLUSIONThe above findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms of PAI-1 4G/5G and MTHFR C677T were associated with RESA. They may have synergetic impact and present gene dosage effect on the susceptibility to the development of early spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Habitual ; genetics ; Adult ; Alleles ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult