Objective To investigate the effects of zinc gluconate combined with Danshen injection on the plasma lipid level following exposure to noise in rats. Methods Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a noise exposure group (model group), a zinc gluconate + noise exposure group (zinc gluconate group), a Danshen injection+noise exposure group (Danshen injection group) and a zinc gluconate+Danshen injection+noise exposure group (combination group), 10 rats in each group. The zinc gluconate group received intragastric administration of zinc gluconate 8-10 mg/(kg?d), the Danshen injection group received intraperitoneal injection of Danshen injection 6 mg/(kg?d), the combination group received intragastric administration of zinc gluconate 8-10 mg/(kg?d) and intraperitoneal injection of Danshen injection 6 mg/(kg?d). On the day 10, except in the control group, the rats in the rest of the groups were continuously exposed to high frequency steady noise for 7 days (4 000 Hz, 95 dB, 3 h/d). The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected. Results The serum levels of TC (1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L vs. 1.55 ±0.09 mmol/L), TG (1.45 ± 0.38 mmol/L vs. 1.01 ± 0.27 mmol/L), LDL-C (0.29 ± 0.04 mmol/L vs. 0.23 ± 0.03 mmol/L) in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the serum HDL-C level in the model group were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.55 ± 0.08 mmol/L vs. 0.62 ±0.06 mmol/L;P<0.01). The serum TC level in the zinc gluconate group was significantly lower than that in the model group (1.71 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs.1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L;P<0.05). The serum levels of TC (1.73 ± 0.21 mmol/L vs. 1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L) and LDL-C (0.25 ± 0.03 mmol/L vs. 0.29 ± 0.04 mmol/L) in the Danshen injection group were significantly lower than those in the model group(all P<0.05). The serum levels of TC (1.57 ± 0.21 mmol/L vs. 1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L), TG (0.84 ±0.40 mmol/L vs. 1.45 ± 0.38 mmol/L) and LDL-C (0.24 ± 0.05 mmol/L vs. 0.29 ± 0.04 mmol/L) in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the serum HDL-C level (0.61 ± 0.07 mmol/L vs. 0.55 ± 0.08 mmol/L) in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions Noise exposure may induce dyslipidemias in rats. Zinc gluconate and Danshen injection can regulate the plasma lipid level following exposure to noise in rats, and combination of zinc gluconate and Danshen injection may be superior to zinc gluconate or Danshen injection alone.

Objective Preparation of a stable and reliable atrioventricular blockage ( AVB) animal model is of great im-portance to anti-arrhythmic drugs and biological engineering research .The aim of the article was to establish a rat model of AVB in-duced by chemical ablation, providing an effective animal model for the development of new drugs . Methods 60 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=15): normal saline (NS) group, Verapmil (Ver) group, chemical ablation group 1 and chemical ablation group 2.0.9%NaCl (5 mg/kg) was injected into caudal vein of each rat in NS group .Verapmil (5 mg/kg) was injected into the caudal vein in Ver group.Anhydrous ethanol(50μL)was injected into atrioventricular groove area in chemical abla-tion group 1.Anhydrous ethanol(50μL) was injected into atrioventricular node area in chemical ablation group 2.The electrocardio-grams of the rats were examined by electrophysiological recorder.HE staining and Connexin 43 (CX43) immunohistochemical tech-nique were applied to atrioventricular junctions of the rats . Results A rat model of AVB was successfully established .Compared with NS group([45 ±2.24]per field of view), there was a significant decrease in the CX43 expressions of chemical ablation group 1 and group 2 ([15.20 ±2.23]per field of view, [22.10 ±4.70]per field of view)(P<0.05).Concerning NS group and Ver group, myocyte tissues of the atrioventricular nodal region were detected to remain in order without obvious changes and the expres-sion of CX43 immunoreactive protein was obvious under light microscope.As to chemical ablation group 1 and group 2, myocyte tissues were in degenerative necrosis and the expression of CX43 im-munoreactive protein was in lighter staining.Compared with Ver group, the incidence rate(73.3%, 60.6%) and the mortality rate (33.3%, 26.7%)of third-degree AVB decreased remarkably(P<0.05). Conclusion Chemical ablation can be induced to estab-lish a stable and reliable rat model of AVB , providing an effective
animal model for the research and development of new anti-arrhythmic drugs.

Objective To observe the protective effect of the separate zinc gluconate oral and combined of Salvia injection on whole blood metal ion of calcium,magnesium,iron,copper and zinc concentration in noise-induced rats.Methods 50 female SD rats were randomly divided into a control group,a noise group,a zinc gluconate noise group (plus zinc group),a Salvia injection noise group (plus Salvia group) and a Zinc gluconate oral liquid and Salvia injection noise group (combined group),with10 rats in each group.Except the control group did not expose to noise,the rest groups were continuously exposed to high frequency steady noise for two weeks.Each group was compared for the concentration differences of whole blood metal ion of calcium,magnesium,iron,copper and zinc after the intervention of noise.Results ① In each group at the comparison of the calcium ion concentration: Calcium ion concentration of the control group(1.25± 0.16)mmol/L and the combination group(1.27 ± 0.10) mmol/L was significantly lower than the noise group (1.42 ± 0.18) mmol/L.The rest groups compared to each other were not statistically significant.②Magnesium ion concentration was highest in the noise group (1.53 ± 0.10)rmtmol/L),and lowest in the control group (130 ± 0.29) mmol/L,and the noise group was significantly higher than that of the control group.The mean of magnesium ion concentration in plus zinc group (1.42± 0.27) mmol/L,plus Salvia group (1.38± 0.15) mmol/L and combined group(l.37±0.11)mmol/L were lower than the noise group,but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).③ The iron ion concentration of the noise group (5.47± 1.29)mmol/L was significantly lower than the other four groups (P＜0.05).The control group,plus zinc group,plus Salvia group,the combined group showed no significant differences.④ Whole blood copper ion concentration of the noise group (16.69 ± 4.18) μmol/L was significantly lower than the control group (21.53 ± 3.78) μmol/L and the combination group(19.53± 1.92)μmol/L with a statistical difference; compared with the control group,the concentration of copper ions in plus zinc group(16.19± 1.93)mμol/L was significantly lower (P＜0.05).⑤The whole blood zinc ion concentration in the noise group (50.83±7.99)μmol/L was significantly lower than the other groups,zinc ion concentration in the plus Salvia group (53.87±6.77)μmol/L was significantly lower than the control group (63.86± 8.83) μmol/L; the whole blood zinc ion concentration showed no difference between the plus zinc group (54.81 ± 5.90) μmol/L,plus Salvia group and combined group (59.21 ± 3.90) μmol/L.Conclusion Combined zinc gluconate oral solution and Salvia injection had protective effect on whole blood metal ion concentration affected by noise.The protection effect of zinc gluconate oral solution and Salvia injection combination was stronger than any individual.

Objective To observe the protective effect of the zinc gluconate combined with Salvia injection on noise induced serum immunoglobulin(IgG,IgM,IgA) and immune molecules (IL-2,IL-4) in rats.Methods 50 female SD rats were randomly divided into control group,noise group,zinc gluconate noise group(plus zinc group),Salvia injection noise group (plus Salvia group) and Zinc gluconate oral liquid and Salvia injection noise group(combined group),10 rats in each group.Except the control group,rats in the other groups were continuously exposed to high frequency steady noise for two weeks.The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (IgG,IgM,IgA) and immune molecules (IL-2,IL-4) after the intervention of noise were compared.Results Serum levels of IgG,IgM,IL-2,IL-4of the control group were significantly higher than the noise group (all P ＜ 0.05),plus zinc group (all P ＜ 0.05),plus Salvia group(all P ＜0.05),the differences were statistically significant.Serum level of IgA of each group was not statistically different compared with control group (all P ＞ 0.05).Serum levels of IgG,IgM,IL-2,IL-4 in the noise group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P ＜ 0.05),combined group (all P ＜ 0.05),the differences were statistically significant.Serum levels of IgG,IgM,IL-2 in plus zinc group were significantly higher than the noise group(all P ＜ 0.05).Serum IgA concentration of each group showed no significant difference compared with noise group(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Zinc gluconate oral solution and Salvia injection have protective effect on immune system affected by noise in rats,the protective effect of combination of zinc gluconate oral solution and Salvia injection is stronger than the individual.

BACKGROUND:Atopic individuals predispose to alergic rhinitis after contacting with an alergen, which is mainly released by IgE-mediated histamine. Alergic rhinitis is a kind of non-infectious inflammatory disease that involves a variety of immune cels and cytokines and is related to Th1 and Th2 immune imbalance. Interferon γ is a cytokine secreted by Th1 cels, while interleukin-4 is a cytokine secreted by Th2 cels. OBJECTIVE:To establish a stable 129Sv mouse model of alergic rhinitis, so as to lay the foundation of establishing gene knockout 129Sv mouse models of alergic rhinitis, and to observe the concentration variation of IgE, interleukin-4 and interferon γ. METHODS: Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: model and control groups. Mice in the model group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin to establish mouse models of alergic rhinitis. Mice in the control group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of PBS. After successful modeling, pathological changes of nasal eosinophils and plasmocyte infiltration were evaluated by nasal mucosa staining. Interleukin 4 and interferon γ levels and ovalbumin-specific IgE antibody concentration were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that compared with the control group, serum ovalbumin-IgE and interleukin-4 concentrations were significantly increased, and Interferon γ concentration was significantly lower in the model group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that cilia lodging and submucosal serous gland hyperplasia, eosinophils and plasmocyte infiltration were obvious. These results confirm that a mouse model of allergic rhinitis was successfully constructed in this study and the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis was related to Th1/Th2 imbalance.

OBJECTIVEMeasuring the serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in epileptic seizures during sleep to investigate their link to the EEG changes.

METHODSPre-surgical evaluation was performed by video-EEG monitoring using 24 channel recording. Thirty six epilepsy patients could be attributed to two groups: 28 patients had spontaneous seizures, and the other 8 patients whose seizures were induced by bemegride. Another 11 persons with confirmed psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) served as control group. Blood samples were obtained at five points: wake (08:00 a.m.), sleep (00:00 a.m.), and shortly before, during and after an epileptic seizure. The serum ACTH and cortisol were measured and analyzed by chemiluminescent immunoassay.

RESULTSThe levels of ACTH and cortisol in serum underwent significant changes: declining below the average sleep-level shortly before seizures, increasing during seizures, and far above the average wake-level after seizures (P < 0.001). Such changes did not occur in the control group (P > 0.05). The ACTH and cortisol levels had no significant difference between spontaneous group and bemegride-induced group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe serum concentrations of ACTH and cortisol during sleep seizures are linked with pre-ictal and ictal EEG changes in epilepsy patients.

Action Potentials ; physiology ; Adolescent ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Adult ; Bemegride ; pharmacology ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Convulsants ; pharmacology ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; blood ; physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; secretion ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; secretion ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; blood ; physiopathology ; Up-Regulation ; physiology ; Wakefulness ; physiology

BACKGROUND:HLA-DRB1 is related to the pathogenesis of alergic rhinitis. Construction ofHLA-DRB1 gene knockout animal models not only elucidates the pathogenesis of alergic rhinitis, but also provides a good way for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of alergic rhinitis-related diseases. OBJECTIVE:To establish the HLA-DRB1gene knockout animal models. METHODS:Homozygous, wild-type and heterozygous mice were obtained by inbreeding of the heterozygous mice. Confirmed by gene and protein identification, 24 female wild-type (H2-eb1+/+) mice and 12 H2-eb1-/-mice aged 8 weeks were selected according to the random number table. 12 H2-eb1+/+ mice and 12 H2-eb1-/- mice were sensitized with ovalbumin to establish the mouse models of alergic rhinitis. Another 12 mice were sensitized with PBS as comparison. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control mice, serum levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE and interleukin-4 were significantly increased, while serum level ofγ-interferon was significantly decreased in the mouse models of alergic rhinitis. Serum levels of IgE and interleukin-4 were lower, while serumγ- interferon level was higher, inH2-eb1-/-gene knockout mice of alergic rhinitis than those in the H2-eb1+/+ gene knockout wild-type mice. These results suggest thatH2-eb1 gene may play an important role in regulating Th1/Th2 imbalance in the pathogenesis of alergic rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the histological changes of the right ventricular remodeling in Xinjiang Mar-mota baibacina which are adapted to high-altitude hypoxia .Methods Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the pathological changes and degree of fibrosis , and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect connexin 43 ( CX43) expression in the right ventricular myocardium .Results In the right ventricular myocardium , cardio-myocyte hypertrophy and increased amount of collagen fibers were observed .The right ventricular hypertrophy index and weight index of Marmota baibacina were significantly higher , and expression of CX43 was significantly reduced than that of normal rats ( P<0.05 for both ) .Conclusions High-altitude hypoxia induces right ventricular remodeling in Xinjiang Marmota baibacina.It can be used as an ideal animal model for studies on the mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation on high -altitude plateau .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of intestinal heterotopic gastric mucosa resulting in alimentary tract hemorrhage.

METHODSEleven cases of intestinal heterotopic gastric mucosa with alimentary tract hemorrhage during the past 24 years in our hospital were reviewed and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe median age was 29 years old. Nine cases had abdominal pain, and radionuclide (99m)Tc-pertechnetate scan revealed bleeding lesion in 6 cases preoperatively. Segmental resection of the intestine with bleeding lesion were performed in all patients, postoperative pathology confirmed heterotopic gastric mucosa. The lesion was located in the jejunum in five cases and in the ileum in six cases. All lesions were complicated with diverticulum, or inflammatory mass on the intestinal wall, or abnormity of intestinal duplication.

CONCLUSIONSIntestinal heterotopic gastric mucosa is difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively, and radionuclide (99m)Tc-pertechnetate scan plays a role in preoperative diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Choristoma ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; complications ; Intestines ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the expression level and significance of glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) in normal breast tissue, adenosis, adenoma and breast carcinoma.

METHODSA total of 147 cases of female breast tissue samples, including 92 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 26 cases of breast fibroadenoma, 24 cases of breast adenosis and 5 cases of normal breast tissues, were collected for quantitative detection of the expression of Glut-1 protein by immunohistochemistry (EnVision method) and Western blot, and its mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSIn normal breast tissue and benign lesions of the breast, Glut-1 was undetectable or only weakly detectable in cytoplasm of ductal and acinar epithelia. In contrast, the intensity of Glut-1 staining was significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinomas (P = 0.0002) with protein expression predominantly in cellular membrane and lesser in cytoplasm. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of Glut-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased in invasive ductal carcinoma than fibroadenoma (P =0.001 for protein; P <0.05 for mRNA) and adenosis (P =0.001 for protein; P < 0.05 for mRNA). There was a significant difference among groups (P = 0.0002 for protein; P = 0.0001 for mRNA).

CONCLUSIONSGlucose transport activity, as indicated by Glut-1 protein and its mRNA expression, significantly increases in breast carcinoma than non-cancerous lesions. The over-expression of Glut-1 in breast carcinoma is tightly coupled with tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, implying that Glut-1 may serve as a new marker in the early diagnosis and prognostication of breast malignancy as well as a new therapeutic target.

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glucose ; physiology ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Prognosis