OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulation trend of Jinxin Oral Liquid (JXOL) on the expression of negative regulatory factor of TLR3 signaling pathway SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points.

METHODSTotally 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the ribavirin group, the high dose JXOL group, and the equivalent dose JXOL group, 15 in each group. Each group had 3 intervention ways (I, II, and III) with 5 mice treated in each group. BALB/c mice were nasally infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and treated by different intervention ways. After intervention, mice were killed and their lung tissues were sampled, mRNA expression levels of RSV-M, SOCS1, and IFN-β were detected by Real time PCR. The expression of SOCSl at the protein level was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β, and the protein expression level of SOCS1 increased significantly in the model group intervened by intervention I and II (all P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β decreased significantly in model group intervened by intervention III (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M all significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of IFN-β significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). Compared with the high dose JXOL group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β increased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention II and III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJXOL could inhibit the expression of SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points. Its regulatory effect might be associated with promoting the expression of interferon type I and further fighting against RSV.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; RNA, Messenger ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Ribavirin ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference of vasomotor functions in aortas segments from Wistar rats between 1-hour and 6-hours after exposure of water-soluble components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).

METHODSAll 30 Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n=6 for each group) at random: the blank control group, control group for 1-hour and 6-hours, exposure group for 1-hour and 6-hours. The rats were sacrificed 1-hour or 6-hours later and aorta ring segments were mounted on wire myographs.

RESULTS(1) There was no significant difference in vasomotor functions among three control groups (P>0.05). (2) 1-hour or 6-hours after exposure there was a decrease of contraction elicited by 60 mmol/L KCl in contrast to the control group (P<0.05), whereas no significant change between the exposure group for 1-hour and 6-hours (P>0.05). (3) On the level of 10(-5) or 10(-7) mol/L, 1-hour after exposure there was a decrease in endothelium-dependent acetylcholine (ACh) elicited relaxation precontracted by 10(-6) mol/L NE compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), on the level from 10(-5) to 10(-7) mol/L there was a decrease compared with the exposure group for 6-hours (P<0.05), whereas no difference between the exposure group for 6-hours and the control group (P>0.05). On the level from 10(-5) to 10(-9) mol/L, 1-hour after exposure there was a decrease in endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) elicited relaxation precontracted by 10(-6) mol/L NE as compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and a decrease on the level of 10(-6) or 10(-9) mol/L compared with the exposure group for 6-hours (P<0.05), 6-hours after exposure a decrease was caused as compared with the control group on the level from 10(-5) to 10(-7) mol/L (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSInhibition of contraction and impairment of relaxation in aortas should be caused 1-hour after exposure to water-soluble components of PM2.5 in the air, which is weaken 6-hours after exposure.

Acetylcholine ; blood ; Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Male ; Particulate Matter ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Aim To assess the value of the administration of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) during sinus rhythm for noninvasive diagnosis of AV node dual pathways(AVNDP) and abolition or modification of the slow pathway (SP) after radiofrequency(RFCA) in patients with inducible sustained AVNRT. Methods Incremental doses of ATP were intravenously administrated during sinus rhythm to patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained AVNRT(study group, n=45)and to patients with no evidence of AVNDP or inducible AVNRT (control group, n=37) until ECG signs of AVNDP( 50 ms increase or decrease in P-R interval in two consecutive beats, or occurrence of AVNRT) or second-degree AV block were observed. Results Four patients (two in study patients and two in control patients) could not complete the trial and were excluded from analysis. AVNDP was observed by ATP in 36(84%) study patients, whereas it was diagnosed by electrophysiology criteria in 38(88%) patients. AVNDP was observed only in 1(3%) control patient. AVNDP by ATP test was disappeared in 18(90%) of 20 patients who underwent SP abolition and in 3(38%) of 8 patients who underwent SP modification. Conclusion ATP test during sinus rhythm enables noninvasive diagnosis of AVNDP in a high percentage of patients with inducible AVNRT and reliably confirms the results of RFCA of the SP.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the early diagnostic methods and therapeutic principles of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy objectively.

METHODSUsing neuro-imaging examinations combined with case history and clinical symptoms to make the early diagnosis of 96 case with aneurysmal SAH, and Guglielmi detachable microcoil (GDC) was utilized for early intracapsular embolization in the ruptured aneurysms. Efficient symptomatic treatment was done early after operation.

RESULTSAll of 96 cases were early diagnosed and successfully embolized; Among them, the aneurysmal lumen was 100% occluded in 83 cases, 95% in 8 cases, 90% in 5 cases. There were 3 cases complicating with aneurysms rupture during operation, 5 cases with cerebral vasospasm. One case was affected by microcoil terminal escape after operation, 3 recurrent cases were all cured with secondary GDC embolization. There were 9 complications associated with embolization techniques and 13 cases (13.5%) occurring permanent sequelae associated with SAH. According to the Glasgow prognosis score, 77 patients got grade I, 7 grade II, 6 grade III, 3 grade IV, and 3 grade V. The mortality rate was 3.1%.

CONCLUSIONSTo make early etiological diagnosis of the SAH patients, using GDC to embolize the aneurysms, and earlier efficient symptomatic treatment are important methods to improve the curative rate and reduce the mortality rate.

Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Angiography ; methods ; Early Diagnosis ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents contained in ethanol extracts from aerial parts of Emilia sonchifolia.

METHODThe compounds were separated and purified with various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTFifteen compounds were separated from ethyl acetate fraction of 90% ethanolic extract and identified as rhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin (2), quercetin (3), luteolin (4), tricin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 8-(2"-pyrrolidinone-5"-yl) -quercetin (6), 5, -2', 6'-trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone-2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), succinic acid (8), fumaric acid (9), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10), 4-hydroxy isophthalic acid (11), 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (12), esculetin (13), isowedelolactone (14) and uracil (15), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds except compound 3 were separated from this genus for the first time.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in proliferation, invasiveness, clone sphere formation and chemosensitivity of human gastric cancer cell lines of KATO-III CD133(+) cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against CD133 gene.

METHODSCD133(+) cells of KATO-III cell lines were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). CD133 siRNA was designed and synthesized, and then transfected into KATO-III CD133(+) cells. Cell fluorescence counting under confocal laser scanning microscope was used to determine the transfection efficiency after transfection with the CD133 FITC-siRNA. The knock-down effect of the CD133 gene and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), transwell chamber and colony sphere forming assay were performed to measure the variation of cell proliferative, invasive, colony formation viability and chemosensitivity to 5-FU after the above-mentioned treatment.

RESULTSThe transfection efficiency was (87.7±8.1)%. The CD133 mRNA and protein expression levels in the interference group were lower than those in negative control group. Twenty-four, 48 and 72 hours after transfection, cells proliferation activity was significantly inhibited in the interference group compared with negative control group, (all P<0.01). Seventy-two hours after transfection, compared with negative control group, cells proliferation activity was reduced by (52.1±8.0)%. The invasive cell number reduced (41.7±6.0 vs. 130.3±11.0, P<0.05) and clone formation rate decreased significantly [(24.3±4.3)% vs. (45.1±6.4)%, P<0.01] in the interference group. EMT-related gene E-cadherin protein expression increased, while the Snail and N-cadherin protein expression reduced in the interference group (all P<0.01). The cells sensitivity to 5-FU was significantly enhanced in the interference group, and the cell inhibition rate of 5-Fu was (62.4±3.3)%, higher than that in negative control group [(21.5±2.2)%, P<0.01].

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of CD133 gene plays an important role in cell proliferation, invasiveness, colony formation and resistance to chemotherapy of KATO-III CD133(+) gastric cancer cells. It suggests that CD133 can be used as one of surface markers for detection of gastric cancer stem cells. Inhibition of CD133 expression may be a promising way for gastric cancer biotherapy.

AC133 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo examine the association between CD133 expression and invasion of gastric cancer, and to elucidate whether CD133 can promote the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

METHODSThe CD133(+) and CD133(-) KATO-III( cells were sorted by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). The invasion ability was detected by Transwell method. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of EMT-related factors in KATO-III( cells before and after CD133 was knocked out by siRNA method. The expressions of CD133 and EMT-related proteins of cancer and adjacent normal tissues in 50 patients with gastric cancer were detected by Western blot, and correlations among protein expressions were also analyzed.

RESULTSAs compared to CD133(-) cells, the number of broken-membrane cells was significantly higher (67.7±10.5 vs. 13.3±6.8, P=0.001) and the invasion ability was stronger (P<0.05) in CD133(+) cells, while the mRNA expression levels of Snail and N-cadherin were significantly higher in CD133(+) cells (0.311±0.015 vs. 0.223±0.016, P=0.040; 0.581±0.020 vs. 0.270±0.018,P=0.004), and the protein expression levels of Snail and N-cadherin were significantly higher in CD133(+) cells as well (0.513±0.015 vs. 0.179±0.023, P=0.030; 0.538±0.028 vs. 0.202±0.032, P=0.020), but E-cadherin mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in CD133(+) cells (0.231±0.009 vs. 0.460±0.015, P=0.040; 0.426±0.030 vs. 0.748±0.027, P=0.040). After CD133 knock-out, the expressions of Snail and N-cadherin were down-regulated (P<0.05) and the expression of E-cadherin was up-regulated (P<0.05). As compared to normal mucosal tissues, the protein expression levels of Snail, N-cadherin and CD133 in gastric cancer tissues were significantly higher(0.635±0.119 vs. 0.485±0.116, P=0.029; 0.599±0.114 vs. 0.259±0.108, P=0.020; 0.754±0.154 vs. 0.329±0.134, P=0.001), while the protein expression of E-cadherin in gastric cancer tissues was lower (0.378±0.123 vs. 0.752±0.156, P=0.003). The protein expressions of Snail and N-cadherin were positively correlated with CD133 expression (r=0.278, P=0.048; r=0.406, P=0.003) and the protein expression of E-cadherin was negatively correlated with CD133 expression (r=-0.504, P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONCD133(+) cells in primary lesion of gastric cancer have relatively higher invasion ability, which may promote the metastasis of gastric cancer via up-regulation of EMT-related factors.

AC133 Antigen ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Traditional Chinese medicinal resource survey method is time-consuming, strenuous, and having great human influence, the precision is not high enough. This paper, by using spatial information technology, carries on spatial sampling survey for wild medicinal plants resource for generous species to arrange the quadrat scientifically and estimate the suitable area, reserve precisely of medicinal plants. It not only improves the survey precision, but reduces the workload of field survey and provides scientific basis for survey method of pilot work on the fourth national traditional Chinese medicinal resource census.
Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; Spatial Analysis

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS / MS) in childhood asthma and healthy control, aiming to find the potential markers of EBC in children with asthma, and provide a scientific reference for its pathogenesis and early screening. EBC samples were collected from 21 asthmatic children (age (8. 2 ±1. 6) years) and 17 healthy children ( age (8. 1 ±1. 3) years). GC-MS / MS was used to obtain the full scan data of chemical components. Cluster analysis was performed on the two groups of metabolites by principal component analysis (PCA), and potential biomarkers were found using Metaboanalyst 3. 0 attributable metabolic pathways. The results showed that the EBC metabolic maps of asthmatic group and normal group were very different, and eight endogenous potential biomarkers were identified, suggesting that starch and sucrose metabolism, lysine degradation, aminoglycan nucleoside metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism may play important roles in the development of asthma in children.

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) like virus in animals at a live animal market of Guanzhou in 2004 before and after culling of wild animal action taken by the local authority, in order to predict the re-emerging of SARS from animal originals in this region.

METHODSAnimals at live animal market were sampled for rectal and throat swabs in triplicate. A single step realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic kit was performed for screening SARS-CoV like virus, the manual nested RT- PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for confirmation. Only specimens which tested positive for both of the N and P genes by nested RT-PCR were scored as positive.

RESULTSIn 31 animals sampled in January 5 2004 before culling of wild animals at Guangdong Province, including 20 cats (Felis catus), 5 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and 6 Lesser rice field rats (Rattus losea), 8 (25.8%) animals were tested positive for SARS-CoV like virus by RT-PCR methods, of which 4 cats, 3 red fox and one Lesser rice field rats were included. However, two weeks after culling of animals and disinfection of the market were implemented, in 119 animals sampled in January 20 2004, including 6 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 13 cats, 46 red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus), 13 spotbill duck (Anas platyrhynchos), 10 greylag goose (Anser anser), 31 Chinese francolin (Franclinus pintadeanus), only rectal swab from one greylag goose was tested positive for SARS-CoV like virus. Furthermore, in 102 animals that including 14 greylag gooses, 3 cats, 5 rabbits, 9 spotbill duck (Anaspoecilorhyncha), 2 Chinese francolin (Franclinus pintadeanus), 8 common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), 6 pigeons, 9 Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), 19 wild boar (Sus scrofa), 16 Lesser rice field rats, 5 dogs, 1 mink (Mustela vison), 3 goats, 2 green peafowl (Pavo muticus) sampled in April, May, June, July, August and November, only rectal swab from one pig was tested positive. However, of 12 and 10 palm civets sampled in November and December including five of which had been at the live animals market for 2 days, none of them was tested positive.

CONCLUSIONThis findings revealed that animals being sampled in April, May, June, July, August and November of 2004, only one rectal swab from a pig was tested positive as SARS-CoV like virus, much lower than the results from the previous year, suggesting that the possibility of re-emerging of human infection from animal origins is low for the winter of 2004-2005.

Animals ; Animals, Wild ; virology ; China ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Felidae ; virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; isolation & purification