Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

The pain-relieving effect of acupuncture is known to involve primary afferent nerves (PANs) via their roles in signal transmission to the CNS. Using single-unit recording in rats, we characterized the generation and transmission of electrical signals in Aβ and Aδ fibers induced by acupuncture-like stimuli. Acupuncture-like signals were elicited in PANs using three techniques: manual acupuncture (MAc), emulated acupuncture (EAc), and electro-acupuncture (EA)-like peripheral electrical stimulation (PES). The discharges evoked by MAc and EAc were mostly in a burst pattern with average intra-burst and inter-burst firing rates of 90 Hz and 2 Hz, respectively. The frequency of discharges in PANs was correlated with the frequency of PES. The highest discharge frequency was 246 Hz in Aβ fibers and 180 Hz in Aδ fibers. Therefore, EA in a dense-disperse mode (at alternating frequency between 2 Hz and 15 Hz or between 2 Hz and 100 Hz) best mimics MAc. Frequencies of EA output >250 Hz appear to be obsolete for pain relief.

Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main pathogenic factors of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study was to explore the method of establishing a CRS model in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Thirty C57BL/6J mice were equally randomized into a CRS model, a sham operation and a blank control group. The CRS model was made by implanting type-Ⅲ streptococcus pneumoniae in the maxillary sinuses, the mice of the sham operation group underwent opening and suturing of the maxillary sinuses without implantation of any streptococcus pneumonia, while the blank controls did not receive any operation. Two months later, all the mice were sacrificed and the nasal sinus mucosal tissue was harvested, embedded with paraffin, sectioned, and subjected to HE staining, followed by observation of the pathological changes under the microscope.Results The CRS model mice exhibited significant proliferation and disorderly arrangement of epithelial cells in the nasal mucosal tissue, with degeneration, necrosis, exfoliation, ulceration, goblet cell proliferation, gland and tissue hyperplasia, and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasmocytes and monocytes. No obvious inflammation was observed in the sham operation and blank control groups. The pathology index score of the nasal sinus mucosal tissue was significantly higher in the CRS model than in the sham operation and blank control groups (\[14.800±5.200\] vs \[2.000±2.906\] and \[1.800±2.098\], P<0.05) but no statistically significant difference between the latter two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The CRS model was successfully established in mice, which has provided some reference for the construction of the CRS model in animals.

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that hypertension is an important factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney damage. However, the relationship between the patterns of blood pressure (BP) trajectory and kidney damage in the diabetic population remains unclear. This prospective study investigated the effect of long-term systolic BP (SBP) trajectory on kidney damage in the diabetic population based on an 8-year follow-up community-based cohort.

MethodsThis study included 4556 diabetic participants among 101,510 participants. BP, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary protein were measured every 2 years from 2006 to 2014. SBP trajectory was identified by the censored normal modeling. Five discrete SBP trajectories were identified according to SBP range and the changing pattern over time. Kidney damage was evaluated through eGFR and urinary protein value. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of different SBP trajectory groups on kidney damage.

ResultsWe identified five discrete SBP trajectories: low-stable group (n = 864), moderate-stable group (n = 1980), moderate increasing group (n = 609), elevated decreasing group, (n = 679), and elevated stable group (n = 424). The detection rate of kidney damage in the low-stable group (SBP: 118-124 mmHg) was the lowest among the five groups. The detection rate of each kidney damage index was higher in the elevated stable group (SBP: 159-172 mmHg) compared with the low-stable group. For details, the gap was 4.14 (11.6% vs. 2.8%) in eGFR <60 ml·min·1.73 m and 3.66 (17.2% vs. 4.7%), 3.38 (25.0% vs. 7.4%), and 1.8 (10.6% vs. 5.9%) times in positive urinary protein, eGFR <60 ml·min·1.73 m and/or positive urinary protein, and eGFR decline ≥30%, respectively (P < 0.01).

ConclusionAn elevated stable SBP trajectory is an independent risk factor for kidney damage in the diabetic population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective To study the effect of propofol intravenous on myocardial damage degree and cardiac function for 2 diabetes patients before and after coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods Seventy-six patients with type 2 diabetes in our hospital was selected from April 2014 to October 2015.The patients were divided into treatment group and control group,according to the method of random numbers,38 cases in each group.Patients in two groups were taken general anesthesia induction,treatment group were infused 1-2 μg · kg-1 · mL-1 propofol after anesthesia induction to maintain anesthesia,continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2-0.4 μg · kg-1 · min-1 fentanyl.Patients in control group isoflurane inhalation and intravenous 0.2-0.4 μg · kg-1 · min-1 fentanyl.Before surgery and postoperative 12 h,the level of the malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),ischemia modified albumin (IMA),troponin I (cardiac troponin I,cTnI) in two groups were measured by spectrophotometer.Results Before the operation,the level of MDA,SOD,IMA,cTnI in the treatment group were (3.69 ±0.43) nmol · L-1,(73.24 ±6.13) nmol · L-1,(77.29 ± 3.94)ABSU · mL-1,(0.08 ± 0.02) μg · L-1,respectively while in control group were (3.62 ± 0.37) nmol · L-1,(72.36 ±8.22)nmol · L-1,(77.61 ± 3.74) ABSU · mL-1,(0.07 ± 0.01) μg · L-1 with no significant difference (P＞0.05).After 12 h of operation,the level of MDA,IMA,cTnI in treatment group were (4.42 ±0.82) nmol · L-1,(70.52 ± 2.62) ABSU · mL-1,(3.70 ± 0.28) μg · L-1,significantly lower than control group with (7.14 ±1.01)nmol · L-1,(73.63 ±4.12) ABSU · mL-1,(4.79 ±0.29)μg · L-1.But SOD in treatment group was (68.74 ± 6.82) nmol · L-1,significantly higher than the control group with (64.O1 ± 5.88) nmol · L-1,the difference between two groups above factors had statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes using CABG surgery,the use of intravenous propofol,compared with isoflurane,can effectively reduce the degree of myocardial injury and effectively protect the cardiac function in patients.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo assess the role of Zhongji (CV 3) in treatment of benign hyperplasia of prostate.

METHODSMulti-central, randomized, controlled, single bland clinical method was adopted, and 276 cases were divided into an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a medication group, 138 cases in each group. The EA group were treated with EA at Zhongji (CV 3) and the medication group with oral administration of Qianliekang tablets. After treatment of 1 course, their therapeutic effects and changes of international prostate symptom (I-PSS) cumulative score, life quality index (L) cumulative score, nocturia times, urine stream state, lower abdominal symptom, maximal volume of urine flow, residual urine volume, prostatic volume, etc. Were assessed in the two groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 96.4% in the EA group and 86.2% in the medication group, the former being better than the latter (P<0. 01); the two groups were effective in improvement of international prostate symptom (I-PSS) cumulative score, life quality index (L) cumulative score, nocturia times, urine stream state, hypogastrium symptom, maximal volume of urine flow, residual urine volume, prostatic volume, etc. with the former better than the latter.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Zhongji (CV 3) has a significant therapeutic effect for treatment of benign hyperplasia of prostate.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Electroacupuncture ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; therapy

OBJECTIVEPancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare event and has not been reported in our country. We report a series of 3 patients with metastatic RCC to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy at our institution. The published reports in the literature were reviewed, and the diagnosis, treatment as well as prognosis of this rare event were discussed.

METHODSThe data of 3 RCC patients with metastasis to the pancreas were reviewed retrospectively, including radical nephrectomy, metastatic interval, the second and third surgical removal. Survival of the three patients was analyzed and the reports in the literature were compared as well.

RESULTSThe average interval from radical nephrectectomy to the comfirmed pancreatic metastasis was 6.6 years (range, 1.2 to 12 years). The pathological stage revealed T2N0M0 (n = 2) or T3N0M0 (n = 1), with right-sided tumor in 2 patients and left side in 1. One patient was asymptomatic, while the other two cases were symptomatic at presentation, including upper abdominal pain, weight loss, slight xanthochromia of the skin and titillation, clay stool (n = 1); irregular fever, weight loss and jaundice (n = 1). All pancreatic metastases were hypervascular on arterial stage of CT imaging. One patient had only a solitary pancreatic metastasis (n = 1), the another showed two metastatic lesions (n = 1), the third one had multiple lesions (n = 1). Surgical removal was accomplished in 2 patients: including pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in one, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy together with partial tail resection in another one. The third one only received interventional therapy due to widespread extrapancreatic metastasis, and died of disseminated disease 11 months after the therapy. One of the above two surgically treated patients underwent the second removal due to local recurrence 2.5 years after the first removal of pancreatic metastasis. These two patients were still alive after follow-up of 8.6 years and 16.1 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONRenal cell carcinoma is an unpredictable tumor that may demonstrate very delayed metastasis even from early-stage of the disease. The pancreas is a rare site of metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. We advocate careful long-term follow-up of patients with a history of RCC. Aggressive surgical management of pancreatic metastatic lesions may provide a chance of long-term survival.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

OBJECTIVETo observe the precise time of the recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to further explore the risk factors associated with postoperative recurrence.

METHODSTotally 94 patients who had undergone resection of HCC were divided into three groups based on the time of recurrence, which was indicated by the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination: recurrence between 1 to 6 months, recurrence between 7 to 12 months, and tumor-free after 12 months. Patients with intra-hepatic recurrence were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and confirmed by CT scans after embolization, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTSThe recurrence rates of 6 months and 1 year were 30.9% and 36.2%, respectively. No statistically significant difference between 6-month and 1-year recurrence rates was observed. Nine (26.5%) patients with recurrence and five (8.3%) patients free of tumor had previously presented as multifocal HCC, which showed a statistical significance (P = 0.032). The diagnostic accuracy of DSA was 87.2%, which was eventually confirmed by the other investigations.

CONCLUSIONSMost recurrences occure within the first six months postoperatively and multifocal carcinogenesis is one of the risk factors associated with early recurrence after liver resection for advanced HCC. DSA is an important surveillance for early detection of intra-hepatic recurrence after surgery; meanwhile, it also provides information for early management to control the disease progression and for future active therapies.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Postoperative Period ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo establish a three-dimentional liver function evaluation system using 99mTc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid (99mTc-EHIDA) scintigraphy based on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

METHODSTotally 16 patients with liver lesions were divided into cirrhosis group and non-cirrhosis group. SPECT was performed 2 days before operation and 5 days after operation. Serum liver functions were examined on the same day of scintigraphy. SPECT images of areas of interest of heart and liver were aquired. Time of the peak of EHIDA density in liver (Tpeak), five-minutes heart liver index (HLI5), blood clearance index (HH15), receptor index (LHL15), and the predictive values were calculated.

RESULTSTpeak was not significantly different between two groups, while HLI5, HH15, and LHL15 were significantly different (P = 0.033, P = 0.001, and P = 0.005). HLI, and LHL15 were significantly correlated with preoperative total protein and prealbumin levels (P = 0.003, P = 0.015, P = 0.022, P = 0.038) and post-operative prealbumin (P = 0.037, P = 0.042). The predictive values of HLI5 and LHL15 correlated well with postoperative HLI5 and LHL15 (r = 0.675, P = 0.016; r = 0.629, P = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONThe three-dimentional liver function evaluation system using 99mTc-EHIDA based on liver SPECT may facilitate the further studies of risks of liver surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Preoperative Period ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; administration & dosage ; Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon