Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning

Objective: To observe the changes of liver metabolism in mice exposed to artificial light at night. Methods: Healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the light at night group and the control group, with 8 mice in each group. The daily light/dark cycle was 12/12 hours in the control group, and 24/0 hours in the light at night group for 10 consecutive days. The hepatic metabolite profiles of the two groups of mice were detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The modelling was assessed by combining principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis ( OPLS-DA ) , The changes of metabolites in the two groups were compared through KEGG database. Results: Compared with the control group, 9 different metabolites were detected in the light at night group, among which the down-regulated metabolites were glycine-betaine, glutathione, tyrosine, betaine, lysine, hypoxanthine, histidine and methionine, and the up-regulated ones were mannose-6-phosphate. The weight analysis of the metabolic pathways showed that the major influences on liver of light at night group were phenylalanine-tyrosine-tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism and histidine metabolism. Conclusion The metabolism of various amino acids and sugars in light at night mice is disturbed,and the key differential metabolites are tyrosine, methionine, histidine and mannose-6-phosphate.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Wires ; Combined Modality Therapy ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; surgery

To sequence and analyze the full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain. The full-length gene sequence of aG strain was amplified by RT-PCR by 8 fragments,each PCR product was cloned into vector pGEM-T respectively, sequenced and assemblied; The 5' leader sequence was sequenced with method of 5' RACE. The homology between aG and other rabies vaccine virus was analyzed by using DNAstar and Mega4. 0 software. aG strain was 11 925nt(GenBank accession number: JN234411) in length and belonged to the genotype I . The Bioinformatics revealed that the homology showed disparation form different rabies vaccine virus. the full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain provided a support for perfecting the standard for quality control of virus strains for production of rabies vaccine for human use in China.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Base Sequence ; China ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rabies ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Rabies Vaccines ; immunology ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of LN and type I, III collagen in pulmonary fibrosis induced by uranium ore dust in rats.

METHODS60 adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups, control group (30 rats) and uranium ore dust group (30 rats). Non-exposed intratracheal instillation method was used. Uranium ore dust group was exposed 20 mg/ml uranium ore dust suspension 1ml per rat, meanwhile control group was exposed normal saline 1ml per rat. Post-exposed the 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 d, 6 rats in each group were killed randomly, lung tissue were collected. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed by microscope using HE staining, the collagen I and III in lungs were observed by polarizing microscope using Biebrich scarlet staining. The expression of LN protein in lung tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry-SP.

RESULTSDuring lung fibrosis, a large amount of the proliferated I and III collagen in lungs were observed. Post-exposure to uranium ore dust, the characteristics in proliferated collagen in lungs were type I collagen deposited in lung interstitium mainly in the early stage. The area percentage of collagen I and III was increased significantly at 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60d in the experimental group as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The over expression of LN in the lung tissue were observed. The expression of LN was distributed in the lung tissue as thickening of the linear or cluster. The integral optical density of LN was increased significantly at 21, 30 and 60 d in the experimental group as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAfter exposure to uranium ore dust, the characteristics in proliferated collagen in lungs are the type of I collagen deposited in lung interstitium mainly in the early stage, while the type of III collagen increase significantly at the later period. The overexpression of LN exists in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. It suggests that LN has a role effect in the process of pulmonary fibrosis.

Animals ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Dust ; Female ; Laminin ; metabolism ; Male ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Uranium ; adverse effects

Tamoxifen(TAM)has been widely used for the treatment of ER+breast cancer.However,the inevitable emergence of resistance to tamoxifen obstructs the successful treatment of this cancer.The tumor suppressor gene N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2(NDRG2)plays a significant role in the de-velopment of ER+breast cancer.However,it is unclear whether NDRG2 participates in mediating TAM resistance in ER+breast cancer.Here,we investigate the expression of NDRG2 mRNA and protein in TAM-sensitive and TAM-resistant ER+breast cancer cells.The results of immunoblotting experiments re-vealed a negative correlation between NDRG2 expression and TAM resistance ability in ER+breast cancer cells(P＜0.001).CCK-8 cell viability assays and soft agar colony formation assays showed that NDRG2 overexpression in TAM resistant cells significantly reduced the TAM IC50 value and the soft agar colony formation rate(P＜0.001).For the mechanism,the ERAD reporter protein assays showed that NDRG2 overexpression upregulated the expression of the ERAD reporter protein CD3ε-YFP and increased the lev-els of spliced XBP1s mRNA,leading to severe endoplasmic reticulum stress in TAM resistant cells(P＜0.001).Immunoblot analysis confirmed that overexpression of NDRG2 significantly increased the level of phosphorylation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE 1α and the expression levels of its down-stream protein factors,including ERdj4,P58IPK,EDEM and PDIA5(P＜0.001).The in vivo xenograft tumor experiments in mice further verified that NDRG2 overexpression significantly inhibited the growth of resistant tumors,which enhanced the therapeutic effect of TAM(P＜0.001).These findings indicate that increasing NDRG2 expression and triggering severe endoplasmic reticulum stress upon TAM treatment can reverse the resistance of ER+breast cancer cells to TAM and inhibits the growth of ER+breast canc-er tumors.Our results provide valuable new insights and potential targets for improving the clinical man-agement of TAM-resistance and prognosis in ER+breast cancer.

To improve the rescue efficiency of measles virus cDNA clone, the cell line that stably expressed the T7 RNA polymerase was established. Firstly, the T7 RNA polymerase gene was amplified by PCR and then the PCR product was inserted into pcDNA3 to obtain plasmid pcDNA3-T7. Vero cell was transfected with the plasmid and G418 was added to the cell 24h later to kill the cells without the plasmid. Western blotting analysis showed that the Vero/pcDNA3-T7 cell could express T7 RNA polymerase. To analyze the gene function of T7 RNA polymerase, the pT7IP-EGFP plasmid was transfected into the Vero/pcDNA3 T7 cell and EGFP was analized by fluorescence. The result suggested that T7 RNA polymerase expressed in the Vero/pcDNA3-T7 cell could transcribe the gene under control of the T7 promoter. Moreover, the minigenome PminiEGFP inserted reversely with report gene EGFP was established. After trans fection with the plasmid and infection with measles virus, EGFP was expressed, indicating the Vero/pcDNA3-T7 cell could rescue the minigenome.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Measles virus ; genetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vero Cells ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVEThis study was to investigate the HIV current situation in Liangshan prefecture, in order to predict prevalence and transmission trends.

METHODSRegion-specific population, behavior, serosurveillence, and policy/program data (from 1995 to 2010) were gathered from various local and national organizations and applied to the Asian Epidemic Model (AEM) and used to derive estimates of future HIV prevalence, epidemic trends, and outcomes of intervention strategies.

RESULTSThe AEM projections for 2020 included increased number of people living with HIV (PLHIV; to 136 617), increased HIV prevalence (2.51%), and 8037 deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in this region. However, the overall HIV incidence rate (per 10 000) was projected to decline from 27 in 2015 to 22 in 2020, largely due to a predicted decrease in HIV infection rate (per 10 000) from 658 in 2013 to 621 in 2020 among intravenous drug users. In contrast, the cases of HIV infection per 10 000 was projected to increase from 420 in 2010 to 503 in 2020 among men who have sex with men, and from 8 in 2010 to 15 in 2020 among the general population. The predominant risk factor for HIV transmission over the next decade in Liangshan was casual sex. Community-based outreach strategies to reduce injected drug use and casual sex, and to promote condom use, were predicted as effective interventions to decrease HIV transmission.

CONCLUSIONImplementation of a comprehensive public health program, with targeting to the region-specific at-risk populations, will help to mitigate HIV/AIDS spread in Liangshan.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minority Groups ; Prevalence ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique, safety and clinical efficacy of transportal variceal sclerotherapy with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for gastric fundal varices.

METHODSTwenty-one patients with gastric fundal varices confirmed by endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The causes of the gastric varices were cirrhosis caused by hepatitis virus B or C (n = 16) and hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous obstruction (n = 5). Percutaneous transhepatic or transplenic portography were performed on all 21 patients. The gastric varices were treated with NBCA-lipiodol mixture injected via a microcatheter introduced into the varices. For 8 patients who had large gastrorenal shunts (GRS), a balloon-occluded catheter was introduced into the GRS via the right femoral and left renal veins before injecting the NBCA-lipiodol. During the NBCA-lipiodol injection, the balloon was inflated to block the flow of GRS. Follow-up evaluations included findings of the laboratory liver function tests, upper intestinal endoscopies, and the occurrences of rebleeding.

RESULTSIn 20 patients (95.2%), the gastric varices were successfully obliterated with 2-8 ml of NBCA-lipiodol. In one patient with a large GRS, sclerotherapy was not successfully performed because a balloon-occluded catheter was not available during the procedure. In five patients, small amounts of NBCA-lipiodol entered into the distal pulmonary artery branches. Two of them suffered from transient irritable coughs; no patient developed severe pulmonary embolism. Embolization of portal venous branches occurred in two patients, which were not treated specifically. In comparison with the findings before the treatments, the serum alanine aminotransferase levels decreased at both 3 and 6 months after treatments (P less than 0.05); serum albumin levels increased at 6 months (P less than 0.05); the prothrombin times decreased at 6 months (P less than 0.05); but no significant changes were seen in the serum bilirubin levels. Fifteen patients were followed-up endoscopically for 3 months after the treatment. Gastric varices were completely resolved in 10 patients (66.7%) and were markedly smaller in 4 patients (26.6%). Worsening of the esophageal varices occurred in 3 patients (20%). All the patients were followed-up from 1 to 30 months [(16.7+/-8.8) months]. Rebleeding was observed in 4 patients, and the cumulative rebleeding rate at 1 year was 9.52%.

CONCLUSIONTransportal variceal sclerotherapy with NBCA is a safe and effective method for treating gastric varices. Microcatheter technique and occlusion of the large gastrorenal shunt with a balloon-occluded catheter are necessary to ensure obliteration of gastric varices and prevent pulmonary embolism.

Adult ; Aged ; Catheterization ; Enbucrilate ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; therapy ; Female ; Gastric Fundus ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Sclerotherapy ; methods

Objective To evaluation the effect of different mucosal vaccination pathway on hantavirus with the recombinant E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (rLTB) as adjuvant. Methods The rLTB was expressed and purified. Take the inactivated hantavirus strain 84F1i as vaccine, and immunized C57 BL/6 mice through intranasal, oral and vaginal respectively. Specific IgG and sectory IgA were detected by ELISA in serum, and vaginal washing samples respectively. Results The rLTB was efficiently expressed under the induction of Lactose, identified by western blotting and GM-1 binding experiment. The vaccination through intranasal, oral and vaginal, can induce IgG and sectory lgA response. Conclusion Inactivated hantavirus can produce mucosal immune response with rLTB as adjuvants through intranasal, oral and vaginal vaccination respectively.