Animals ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Fatigue ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDMyocardial bridging with systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) may be associated with myocardial ischaemia. The clinical outcome in patients with surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging remains undetermined. This study assessed the middle- and long-term results of surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging.

METHODSFrom 1997 to 2006, 37,463 patients received selective coronary angiography in the Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Beijing, China. Of these, 484 patients had angiographic diagnosis of myocardial bridging. Of the 484 patients, 35 underwent surgery for treatment of myocardial bridging with significant systolic arterial compression. Among the surgical treatment patients, 24 presented with other cardiac disorders, and the remaining 11 symptomatic patients with isolated myocardial bridging were included in the follow-up study.

RESULTSThe angiographic prevalence of myocardial bridging was 1.3% in this study. The coronary angiographies of the 11 patients revealed myocardial bridging in the middle segment of LAD causing systolic compression > or = 75% (ranging from 75% to 90%). The mean age of patients was 48.4 years. Surgical myotomy was performed in 3 patients and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 8 patients. Eight patients were operated on with an off-pump approach and 3 with a cardiopulmonary bypass technique after median sternotomy. Conversion to on-pump CABG surgery was necessary in 1 patient because of perforation of the right ventricle. The left internal mammary artery was used in all patients with CABG. The acute clinical success rate was 100% with respect to the absence of myocardial infarction, death or other major in-hospital complications. All of the patients were followed up clinically. The median follow-up was 35.3 months (range: 6 to 120 months). Nine patients were free from symptoms and one of them continued taking beta blockers. The remaining 2 patients with myotomy had atypical chest pain. One received coronary angiography again and no stenosis was found two years after operation; while exercise testing was performed in the other patient and revealed no evidence of myocardial ischaemia. None of the patients sustained a myocardial infarction or other major adverse cardiac events (death or vessel revascularization) during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSMyocardial bridging is a relatively common angiographic finding. Surgical myotomy or CABG should be limited to patients who are refractory to oral medication. Surgical relief of myocardial ischaemia due to systolic compression of intramyocardial coronary arteries can be accomplished with low operative risk and excellent middle- and long-term results.

Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

To sequence and analyze the full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain. The full-length gene sequence of aG strain was amplified by RT-PCR by 8 fragments,each PCR product was cloned into vector pGEM-T respectively, sequenced and assemblied; The 5' leader sequence was sequenced with method of 5' RACE. The homology between aG and other rabies vaccine virus was analyzed by using DNAstar and Mega4. 0 software. aG strain was 11 925nt(GenBank accession number: JN234411) in length and belonged to the genotype I . The Bioinformatics revealed that the homology showed disparation form different rabies vaccine virus. the full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain provided a support for perfecting the standard for quality control of virus strains for production of rabies vaccine for human use in China.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Base Sequence ; China ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rabies ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Rabies Vaccines ; immunology ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of injuries among residents living in the countryside of Huanghe delta area.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 15 276 residents in 20 villages of Dongying municipality of Shandong province with a stratified-cluster sampling on their injuries from March 1, 2002 to February 28, 2003. Data were analyzed with Excel 2000 and SPSS 11.0 software.

RESULTSThe crude incidence of injuries was 5.90% in total, and the standardized incidence was 5.93%. It was higher in men (7.79%) than in women (4.03%). There were 19 deaths with 20 cripples. The standardized death rate was 122.56 per 100 000 with leading causes of injuries was blunt or by sharp articles (24.61%), traffic accident (24.17%), falls (22.62%) and animal bites (13.08%). Peak incidence of age group was high in 25 - 54 age group and 0 - 4 age group (> 6.0%). 267 cases (29.60%) inpatients had had about 15.89 days hospitalization for each case. Rest of each case with injury had 19.20 days of rest. Direct economic loss for treatment would cost 904.85 RMB Yuan and 10.15 days with care takers and 221.88 RMB for other cost. The potential years of life lost was 24 years, the working years of life lost was 19.6 year, the valued years of life lost was 8.7 year, and the standardized period expected years of life lost was 31.73 year.

CONCLUSIONInjury was common and frequently occurred among residents in the countryside of rural Huanghe delta areas, that seriously endangered the health care systems and burden on families.

Accidental Falls ; economics ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; economics ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sampling Studies ; Suicide ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Wounds and Injuries ; economics ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to identify the long-term character of the domestic bileaflet mechanical valve in the chronic implanted sheep model and to evaluate the potential value of the modal.

METHODSSix adult sheep underwent implanted mechanical bileaflet valve in pulmonary position under the cardio-pulmonary bypass with beating heart. The chronic implanted sheep model was built up and observed in the respects of a long-term survival, function of prosthesis and pathological specimen.

RESULTSSix adult sheep survived with good condition after operation. The average survival period of six sheep was (221 +/- 208) days. Two sheep were postoperatively sacrificed in 41 and 71 days, respectively. The necropsy revealed normal valve function without thrombosis, periprosthetic leakage and overgrowth of fibrous tissue. One sheep died from dysfunction of prosthetic valve at the postoperative 196 days. The reason was the prosthetic thrombosis with slight overgrowth of fibrous tissue in periprosthesis. The other two sheep died from severe anemia at the postoperative 196 days and 234 days, and the autopsy revealed no abnormal finding else. And one remained to survive with good condition up to now (over 617 days) and was checked by Doppler echocardiogram twice at the postoperative 438 days and 479 days, respectively. The results showed normal function of the bileaflet valve in pulmonary position.

CONCLUSIONThe long-term good effects would be achieved by using the implanted new domestic bileaflet valve in pulmonary position of sheep.

Animals ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Pulmonary Valve ; surgery ; Sheep

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological features of human calicivirus( HuCV) infection in children with diarrhea in a hospital in Guangzhou.

METHODSStool specimens were collected from children with viral diarrhea diagnosed between October, 2003 and January, 2004 and between October, 2004 and January, 2005. HuCV was detected by means of RT-PCR and sequence analysis of the PCR products.

RESULTSEighty specimens positive for Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were identified from 648 stool specimens, with a positivity rate of 12.35%, and sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) were identified in 2 specimens (0.31%). The monthly NLV positivity rate was 11.74% (Oct.), 14.16% (Nov.), 9. 09% (Dec.) and 13.95% (Jan.), respectively, showing no significant variation in these months. NLVs mainly infected children below 2 years old. Twenty-two strains of NLVs were sequenced and analyzed, and 21 of them were identified as GII and the genotype of 1 strain could not be determined. The prevalent viral population were GII-3 and GII-4 in 2003 and was GII-4 in 2004, and both of the SLVs belong to GI-1.

CONCLUSIONNLVs is one of the important pathogens causing sporadic acute gastroenteritis in children admitted in the hospital in Guangzhou, and the prevalent strains are GII-3 and GII-4 , but different prevalent strains are possible in different periods.

Caliciviridae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; epidemiology ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Norwalk virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Seasons ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

CTN-1 is one of the rabies vaccine strains for human use in China, but there has been no report on the full-length gene sequence of CTN-1. In this study, the full-length gene of CTN-1 was amplified by RT-PCR, each PCR product was cloned into T vector and then sequenced, assemblied and compared with other vaccine strains as well as the wild Chinese rabies isolates. The phylogenetic tree of G gene was constructed and the genetic homology was analyzed. The results revealed that CTN-1 was 11 925nt (GenBank accession number: FJ959397)in length and belonged to the genotype I. The full-length nucleotide homologies among CTN-1 and other rabies virus strains were between 81.5%-93.4%, of which the lowest 81.5% was between CTN-1 strain and bat isolate SHBRV, and the highest 93.4% was between CTN-1 and Chinese isolate HN10. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of Chinese isolates could be grouped into the same clade with the CTN-1 strain, but aG and some vaccine strains from abroad such as Flury, PM, PV, ERA, RC-HL and a few Chinese strains were grouped in another clade. Comparsion of the G protein genes also showed that the homologies among CTN-1 and most of the Chinese isolates were higher than that of the other vaccine strains to those Chinese strains. Therefore, it suggests that the CTN-1 strain is more suitable and rational to be used for the production of rabies inactivated vaccine in China than the others.
Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rabies ; prevention & control ; virology ; Rabies virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo analyse the related epidemic factors of rabies and to provide basic evidence for developing rabies control and prevention programs in China.

METHODSPossible factors that causing rabies epidemics in the southern part of China were obtained through collecting both epidemic and surveillance data of rabies in 2005, and to analyse every factor by software of Excel 2002.

RESULTSThe number of rabies cases was 2548 in 2005. Among 885 cases being investigated, 60.56%, 49.04%, 96.16% had not had any chance to receive treatment, vaccine or immunoglobulin. Among the exposed persons, 89.95% received treatment on wounds and 94.93% were immunized, and 8.56% received immunoglobulin. 94.86% of them accomplished the full rabies post-exposure prophylaxis course, but 8.56% of them did not accomplish it. 88.50% of the cases and 92% of the persons under exposure were bitten by dogs. The density of dogs was 3.20-13.37 per 100 persons. The vaccination coverage rates among dogs were 5.31% -75.11% with a positive rate of 2.93 % -6.40%.

CONCLUSIONFactors as: low rate of post-exposure prophylaxis and failed to have finished the necessary post-exposure treatment (PET) of the cases, nonstandard PET in hospital or local clinic, low rabies vaccination coverage and high infectivity of rabies virus in animal host (mainly for dog) might be responsible for rabies epidemics in China, in 2005.

Animals ; Bites and Stings ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dogs ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Rabies ; epidemiology ; Rabies Vaccines ; administration & dosage

BACKGROUNDThe patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) stenosis and chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions at the left anterior descending (LAD) artery are often recommended for bypass surgery. However, some of these patients are deemed inoperable or are at high risk for surgery. In this study, we explored strategies and evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of ULMCA stenosis complicated by LAD CTO.

METHODSFrom November 2001 to July 2009, 78 patients with ULMCA stenosis and LAD CTO lesions were selectively treated with stenting. Six patients (7.7%) refused surgery due to their young age (< or = 40 years), and the other 72 patients (92.3%) were unsuitable for surgery. Reasons for poor surgical candidacy included advanced age (> 80 years), chronic obstructive pulmonary, unsuitable distal target vessels for bypass, EuroSCORE > or = 6, and so on. Four different strategies were applied based on the degree of left main stenosis and the ostial diameter and involvement of the left circumflex.

RESULTSTotal procedural success was achieved in 94.9%, there were no deaths or thromboses. Five patients (6.4%) experienced non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in hospital. At long-term follow-up ((52 +/- 28) months), there were 3 cardiac deaths (3.8%) and 4 (5.1%) nonfatal myocardial infarctions. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 50 patients (64.1%), and target vessel revascularizations were required in 10 patients (12.8%), among which 4 nonfatal myocardial infarction patients included. The rate of major adverse cardiac events was 16.7% (13/78).

CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that percutaneous intervention can be performed safely in high risk surgical patients with ULMCA and LAD CTO lesions based on individual therapeutic strategies. It may be feasible to apply this technique in selected patients mentioned above.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; mortality ; therapy ; Coronary Stenosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: Androgen deficiency is common in aging males and may have unfavourable health consequences. Large-scale studies suggested low testosterone level might increse mortality and morbidity in ageing males. However, young men with low testosterone level might be neglected. Recent studies reported young men with infertility may have reduced testosterone level. To investigate the incidence of androgen deficiency in males with infertility and possible factors affecting the low testosterone level. METHODS: Between January 2011 and December 2012, 407 men with infertility caused by varicocele (VC), obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) in our center were included. The number of men in each group of OA, NOA and VC was 141, 97 and 169, respectively. All the eligible patients underwent a serum testosterone assessment by a single morning blood draw (between 8:00 to noon) to test for concentration of the total testosterone. All serum samples were determined by radioimmunoassay in our andrology laboratory. Androgen deficiency was defined as having a total testosterone level less than 300 ng/dL. RESULTS: The mean age was (30.4±5.8) years. The mean testosterone level was (4.18±1.64) ng/dL (range 0.30 to 11.32 ng/dL). The overall incidence of androgen deficiency was 26.5% (108/407). The incidences of androgen deficiency in NOA, OA and VC groups were 40.2% (39/97), 19.1% (27/141) and 24.9% (42/169), respectively, which were significantly higher in the NOA than in the VC and OA groups (P < 0.001). The incidences had no difference between the VC and OA groups (P=0.229). Univariate analysis revealed the cause of infertility, FSH and the mean testis volume as possible affecting factors for androgen deficiency. However, on multivariate analysis the only cause of infertility was an independent predictor. The incidence of androgen deficiency was the highest in the NOA group [OR 0.492 (95% confidence interval 0.288-0.840)]. CONCLUSION NOA and varicocele might be risk factors of androgen deficiency. Young men with NOA may have a higher possibility of low testosterone level. Testosterone level should be followed up after NOA and varicocele treatment. Androgen deficiency should be assessed in males with infertility in clinical practice.
Adult ; Androgens ; Azoospermia/etiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Varicocele/complications* ; Young Adult