In view of the predominance problems in present experimental teaching of medical microbiology, we reformed the experimental contents and experimental teaching methods,to establish an entire experimental curriculum teaching system to be suitable for seven-year system and long educational system students,which manifests the creative teaching idea.

The effects of Wumeiwan (WMW) on TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and NF-kappaBp65 in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) were investigated, the curative effectiveness of WMW vs salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) was compared, and the action mechanism was analyzed. Fifty-Six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=14 in each group, with equal ratio of male and female): normal control group, model group, SASP group, and WMW group. Except normal control group, the rat UC models in the remaining three groups were established using the method of 2.4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) immunization and acetic acid local enema. The rats in model group, SASP group, and WMW group were treated with distilled water, SASP, and WMW respectively. The changes in the symptoms and signs were observed, and levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and the expression of NF-kappaBp65 in the colonic tissues were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased (P<0.01), while those of IL-10 significantly reduced (P<0.01) after establishment of rat UC models as compared with normal control group. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were obviously lower, but the level of IL-10 was obviously higher in WMW and SASP groups than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were lower, while the level of IL-10 was higher in WMW group than in SASP group. NF-kappaBp65 was expressed negatively or weakly in normal colonic tissues. The positive expression rate of NF-kappaBp65 in WMW group and SASP group was obviously lower than in model group (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between WMW group and SASP group (P<0.05). It was concluded that rat UC model was established successfully. WMW could up-regulate the expression of IL-10, down-regulate the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and inhibit the NF-kappaBp65 activity to adjust immune function, indicating WMW had better curative effects on UC in rats.

OBJECTIVETo compare profiles and related factors of irregular bleeding induced by different types of low-dose hormone therapy (HT) and a Chinese formulated herbs products.

METHODSApplied with open-labeled, randomized, and clinical trial design, 136 postmenopausal women were assigned into four groups: group A: estradiol valerate (E2 V) 1 mg/d + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2 mg/d; group B: conjugated equine estrogen 0.45 mg/d + MPA 2 mg/d; group C: tibolone 1.25 mg/d; group D: a Chinese formulated herbs product (Kuntai) 4# tid. Each subject took element calcium 400 mg/d and vitamin D 200 IU/d concomitantly. Modified Kupperman scores were assessed on baseline and every 3 months thereafter and irregular bleeding was recorded on menopausal diary every day. The duration of this study was 1 year. Results The efficacies were similar in three HT-managed groups, but was better than in group D, although the latter was also effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Hazard ratio (HR) of irregular bleeding was 1.00 in group C, 2.43 in group A (95% CI: 1.08-5.46), 3.12 in group B (95% CI: 1.42-6.88), and 0.73 in group D (95% CI: 0.26-2.04). Most cases initially experienced bleeding in the first 3 months but such initiation was a bit later in group C. Endometrium, as detected by B-mode ultrasound, increased approximately 1 mm in HT groups, while it was a bit thicker in group C. Long periods in reproductive age and short time since menopause were high risk factors for irregular bleeding.

CONCLUSIONProfiles of irregular bleeding in 3 commonly used types of low-dose HT are different and some factors such as long period in reproductive age and short time since menopause may contribute to bleeding initiation.

Adult ; Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Estradiol ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; adverse effects ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; administration & dosage ; Metrorrhagia ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Norpregnenes ; administration & dosage ; Phytotherapy ; adverse effects ; Postmenopause ; Risk Assessment

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of wrist-ankle acupuncture on functional states of the vegetative nerve in the recruit.

METHODSSixty recruits with the vegetative nerve balance index y > +0.56 determined with "Wenger-Chong Zhong Zhong Xiong"'s vegetative nerve balance factor assay were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group were treated with wrist-ankle acupuncture and the control group with nothing.

RESULTSAfter treatment, 24 cases with y < +0.56 was found in the treatment group and 16 cases in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWrist-ankle acupuncture can better improve functional state of the vegetative nerve in the recruit.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue ; Wrist

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of genistein on proliferation of human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) and glandular epithelium.

METHODSIn vitro HEECs and human endometrial cancer-1B cell (HEC-1B) were cultured with 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 micromol/L of genistein alone or indicated concentrations of genistein combined with 0.2 or 1 nmol/L 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2). Cell proliferation was determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.

RESULTSAfter 96 hours of treatment, genistein inhibited the proliferation of HEECs in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulation index reduced from 100% (without genistein treatment) to about 1% (200 micromol/L genistein). HEECs were arrested at G1/0 and G2/M phase when treated with genistein for 96 hours. When the concentration of genistein was 200 micromol/L, the percentages of HEECs at G1/0, G2/M, and S phase were 96.0%, 2.1%, and 1.9%, respectively. However, when HEECs were treated without genistein, the percentages of HEECs at G1/0, G2/M, and S phase were 76.7%, 8.5%, and 14.7%, respectively. 17beta-E2 could not influence the effects of genistein on the proliferation of HEECs. Meanwhile, genistein could suppress the proliferation of HEC-1B. If the stimulation index of HEC-1B was defined as 100% when HEC-1B was treated with different doses of 17beta-E2 (without genistein), it was 67%, 19%, as well as 32% when cell was supplemented with 200 micromol/L genistein combined with 0, 0.2, or 1 nmol/L 17beta-E2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONGenistein at the concentration of 200 micromol/L can sufficiently inhibit the proliferation of HEECs and endometrial glandular epithelium simultaneously in vitro.

Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endometrium ; cytology ; drug effects ; Endothelium ; cytology ; drug effects ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo explore the potential mechanism of breakthrough bleeding associated with progestin with in vitro methods.

METHODSThe isolation and culture of human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) was performed with the method established in our laboratory. The content and activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cell supernatants after incubated with different concentrations of progesterone (0-5 micromol/L) and 17beta-estradiol (0, 0.1, or 1 nmol/L) were measured by method of ELISA. Apoptosis rate of HEECs was measured by flow cytometry. Viable cell count was measured by MTT.

RESULTSThe increased level of progesterone (0.5-5 micromol/L) combined with 17beta-estradiol elevated content and activity of uPA while the production of PAI-1 remained unchanged. The apoptosis of HEECs was inhibited along with the increment of total viable cell counts at higher concentrations of progesterone with 17beta-estradiol.

CONCLUSIONThe inhibition of apoptosis and increased content and activity of uPA may contribute to the occurrence of irregular bleeding associated with progestin use to some extent

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; physiology ; Endometrium ; cytology ; physiology ; Endothelium ; cytology ; physiology ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Metrorrhagia ; etiology ; Progestins ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the breasts of postmenopausal women using mammary ultrasonography.

METHODSAn open randomized clinical study was designed. The percutaneous estradiol gel was used in a cyclic regimen combined with micronized progesterone (MP) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Sixty healthy women (natural menopause for 1 to 5 years) were recruited and divided into four groups according to the dosage of estrogen and two kinds of progestin. All were given for 25 days per month. Mammary ultrasonography was used to observe breast glandular section thickness, breast duct width, the morphology of lobular unit and the blood flow of color Doppler imaging at baseline and every year from the second to seventh year of HRT. The serum estradiol was also measured from the 15th to 25th day of the cycle. Breast pain was recorded by the subjects.

RESULTS(1) The breast glandular section thickness after HRT was larger than that of before HRT. The breast glandular section thickness became larger gradually over time while the breast duct width became smaller over time. The breast duct width of the fifth year of HRT was significantly different from that of the sixth year (P < 0.05). (2) Twenty-two persons had new breast structure changes after HRT, and the accumulated incidence was 41.5%. New solid lesions formation occurred in five subjects (8.3%) and new cyst formation occurred in one subject (1.7%). After the second year of HRT, the serum estradiol level of the subjects with breast structure changes was higher than that of without breast structure changes and in the sixth year of HRT, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). After the second year of HRT, the breast glandular section thickness of the subjects with breast structure changes was larger than that of without breast structure changes and in the fifth and sixth year of HRT, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (3) After HRT, the serum estradiol level of subjects with mastalgia was higher than that of without mastalgia and in the second and sixth follow-up year, the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is an increasing trend of the percentage of glandular tissues of the breast after HRT. There is an increasing trend of the serum estradiol level and the breast glandular section thickness among the subjects with the breast structure changes; there is an increasing trend of the serum estradiol level among the subjects with mastalgia. Mammary ultrasonography can be used to monitor breast structure changes and breast lesions during HRT.

Aged ; Breast ; pathology ; Estradiol ; therapeutic use ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; therapeutic use ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experiences and advantages of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery for neonatal intestinal atresia and stenosis.

METHODSTwenty patients of neonatal intestinal atresia and stenosis were treated with LESS procedure in Huai'an Women and Children's Hospital of Jiangsu Province between October 2010 and April 2012. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSAmong these patients, 13 were male, 7 were female. Age at admission ranged from 10 min to 1 d. Four cases were premature, and 3 were born with low birth weight (<2500 g). One was diagnosed with duodenal atresia, 1 with duodenal stenosis, 9 with jejunal atresia, 2 with jejunal stenosis, and 7 with ileal atresia. Laparoscopic exploration was performed in all the cases by transumbilical procedure, the proximal and distal ends were exteriorized from the umbilical port site for anastomosis. Twenty neonates with intestinal atresia and stenosis were performed using this new minimally invasive approach, with no cases converted to open operation or standard laparoscopy. The operative time was 35-60 (mean, 40) min. The intraoperative bleeding was 3-5 ml. Two cases were given up treatment by their parents on the second postoperative day. For the other 18 patients, oral intake started on postoperative day 5-10 (mean, 7), and discharged from hospital on the postoperative day 10-20 (mean, 13). The follow up ranged from 1 to 11 months, during which 1 case died, 3 cases were managed with conservative treatment for diarrhea or malnutrition. The other 14 cases grew up healthily.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of LESS in the treatment of neonatal atresia and stenosis is simple and the outcomes are satisfactory.

Constriction, Pathologic ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Atresia ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To compare the efficacy of alleviating the symptoms of menopause by application of different dosage of estradiol by percutaneous (0. 75 mg vs 1. 5 mg) combined with progestogen via oral. Methods A total of 60 patients with postmenopausal women were randomly divided into 4 groups, received different dosage: 17 beta estradiol (E2) by percutaneous, material progesterone ( MP) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) , each cycle lasted 25d. Adverse effects, such as menopausal symptoms and irregular vaginal bleeding were observed. Results All symptoms of menopause has improved ( P < 0. 01 ), the differences between groups were not significant ( P > 0. 05 ). The symptoms, such as hot flashes, sleep and mood symptoms improved quickly, while the following: tired, inattention, lack of libido improved slowly. The incidence of irregular vaginal bleeding among MP 100mg/d group showed lower than that in 2mg/d MPA group (P <0. 01 ). Conclusions Two long-term continuous use of estradiol (0.75 mg vs 1.5 mg) combined with progestogen both can effectively alleviate menopausal symptoms, and the symptoms of hot flashes, sleep and mood improved earlier. Combining with 100mg/d MP is superior to avoid irregular vaginal bleeding than with 2mg MPA. Thus clinical application should be individualized.

Objective To observe the anesthetic efficacy and safety of lidocaine injection combined with ropivacaine injection in the treatment of digital replantation.Methods Seventy-two patients underwent replantation were randomly divided into control group (n =36 cases) and treatment group(n =36 cases).Control group was given ropivacaine injection 10 mL with upper limb vein injection.Treatment group received lidocaine injection 10 mL with upper limb vein injection,on the basis of control group.The anesthetic effect,C reactive protein(CRP) and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The proportion of anesthesia effect of grade Ⅰ in treatment and control groups were 97.22％ (35/36 cases) and 83.33％ (30/36 cases) with significant difference(P ＜0.05).After operation 1,3 d,the levels of CRP in treatment group were(7.25 ± 1.07),(7.14 ± 0.96) mg · L-1,which in control group were(8.12 ± 1.18),(7.90 ± 1.01) mg · L-1 with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The main adverse drug reactions in treatment group were based on limb movement and skin flushing,which in control group were based on limb,skin flushing and skin itching.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 5.56％ and 22.22％ with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Lidocaine injection combined with ropivacaine injection has a definitive anesthetic efficacy and safety in the treatment of digital replantation.