OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), compare the efficacy of different induction regimens and analyze the prognostic factors.

METHODSData of 149 adult ALL patients hospitalized in our institute between June 1998 and December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The results were analyzed with the SPSS11.5 software.

RESULTS1) Out of 133 patients available immunophenotype data, 118 (88.7%) were B-ALL and 15 (11.3%) T-ALL. Cytogenetic analysis was performed in 105 patients, 40 cases (38.1%) of them had a normal karyotype and 65 (61.9%) chromosome aberrations. 2) 149 patients completed the VDCP, VDLP or VDCLP induction therapies (at least 4 weeks treatment for each), 140 (93.7%) of them achieved complete remission (CR) with the first course CR rates of 80.8%, 92.3% and 81.4% , respectively (P=0.618). CR rates in patients after the induction regimens with or without asparaginase were 95.5% versus 92.1% (P=0.566). With a median follow-up of 14.5 (1-75) months, the median disease free survival (DFS) was 12 (1-74) months and median overall survival (OS) 17.5 (1-97) months. DFS of the three regimen groups at 3 and 5 years were 18.5% and 14.8%, 24.7% and 9.9%, 39.5% and 39.5%, respectively (P=0.0066). 3) COX regression analysis showed that the age (over 40 years), white blood cell (WBC) count ( > 40 x 10(9)/L) , t(9;22) (q34;q11)-positive and less than 4 courses consolidation chemotherapy were the unfavorable prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONSMost adult ALL patients are B-ALL and karyotype have more changed. More than 90% patients can achieve CR with induction regimens consisting of 4 or 5 drugs. Induction regimens containing L-asparaginase may not affect the CR rate, but can improve DFS and OS. Age and WBC at diagnosis, presence of t(9;22) (q34;q11) and the courses of post-remission treatment are important prognostic factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the complete remission (CR) rate, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with HA based three drugs induction chemotherapy and to explore the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on the prognosis.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty-three untreated de novo AML patients were treated with HA based three drugs induction therapy. CR rate, DFS and OS were calculated. One hundred and eighty-four patients who had karyotype results were divided into four or three groups according to SWOG or MRC criteria respectively. Differences in CR rate, DFS and OS among different groups were evaluated.

RESULTSThe CR rate of all the 243 cases was 77.4%. The median DFS of the 188 CR patients was 28.5 (ranged from 1.0 to 153.0) months, DFS rates at 3 and 5 years were 45.4% and 40.2% respectively. The median OS of the 243 patients was 18.4 (range from 0.5 to 154.0) months. OS rates at 3 and 5 years were 36.9% and 31.4% respectively. According to SWOG criteria, CR rate, median DFS and OS were 97.8%, 87.4 months and 89.0 months for the favorable group; 81.9%, 17.6 months and 22.3 months for the intermediate group; 61.5%, 9 months and 11.5 months for the adverse group; and 79.3%, 29.0 months, 19.9 months for the unknown group, respectively. The differences among the four groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). According to MRC criteria, CR rate, median DFS and OS were 96.1%, 79.9 months, 72.2 months for the favorable group; 80%, 17.6 months, 19.7 months for the intermediate group; and 43.8%, 16.5 months, 12 months for the adverse group, respectively. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant excepting for DFS between intermediate and adverse groups.

CONCLUSIONSHA based triple-drug induction regimens are highly effective in obtaining higher CR rate and longer survival time. Cytogenetics is the important prognostic factor for AML patients and SWOG karyotype subtyping criteria is more appropriate than that of MRC, the differences among the three groups being statistically significant.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Harringtonines ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo analyze the treatment outcome and impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on the response and survival of acute monocytic leukaemia (AMOL) patients received (m)HAD regimen as induction chemotherapy.

METHODSSeventy-nine AMOL patients were treated with (m)HAD regimen as induction therapy (HHT 2 mg/m(2), d 1-7; Ara-C 100 mg/m(2), d 1-7 and increasing to 1.5 g×m(-2)×(12 h)(-1), d 5-7 in some patients; DNR 40 mg/m(2), d 1-3). The treatment outcome and prognostic factors were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) The complete remission (CR) rate was 79.7% (63/79), partial remission (PR) rate was 6.3% (5/79), overall rate was 86.0%. (2) The chromosome karyotypes were analyzed in 75 patients, of whom 43 with normal karyotypes (NCR) and 30 abnormal karyotypes (ACR). For the cytogenetic prognostic groups, 49 patients were intermediate, 18 poor and 6 unknown. The CR, 1-year and 3-year overal survival (OS) rates in NCR group were significantly higher than those in ACR group (P < 0.05); but there was no significantly statistical difference in disease free survival (DFS) between the two groups (P > 0.05). The CR, 1-year OS, 3-year OS and 1-year DFS and 3-year DFS rates in intermediate prognostic group were significantly higher than those in poor prognostic group (85.7% vs 61.1%, 75.9% vs 51.3%, 65.4% vs 25.6%, 82.2% vs 66.7%, and 77.9% vs 26.7%, respectively) (P < 0.05). (3) Chromosome karyotype and the number of consolidation therapy courses had more important influence on survival in COX analysis.

CONCLUSION(m)HAD regimen as induction chemotherapy for AMOL patients achieves a high CR rate. It has an important influence on survival for the patients to received adequate consolidation therapy. The frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in AMOL is similar to that in other AMLs. The prognosis of AMOL patients with chromosome karyotype in intermediate prognostic group is significantly better than that in poor prognostic group.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEIbandronate, a third generation bisphosphonate, inhibits bone resorption in human and animal studies. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibandronate as a single agent in patients with tumor-associated hypercalcemia.

METHODSAn open, multicenter, non-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 22 patients. The patients received 2 mg ibandronate intravenously if the corrected calcium was less than 3.0 mmol/L but more than 2.7 mmol/L; they received 4 mg ibandronate iv if corrected calcium was more than 3.0 mmol/L.

RESULTSThere was 100% efficacy in these two dose groups but the calcium correcting effect was more pronounced in the 4-mg dose group than the 2-mg dose group. The most common adverse reactions were fever and skin itching with an incidence of 4.5%.

CONCLUSIONIbandronate is active in patients with tumor-associated hypercalcemia and the adverse effects are well tolerated.

Bone Neoplasms ; complications ; secretion ; Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Calcium ; blood ; Diphosphonates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; complications ; Phosphorus ; blood ; Pruritus ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVETo investigate factors that affect survival and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M(4).

METHODSSeventy AML-M(4) patients were divided into three groups, neither eosinophilia nor inv(16)\[Eos(-)\], eosinophilia with inv (16)\[Eos(+) inv(16)(+)\], and eosinophilia with no inv(16)\[Eos(+) inv(16)(-)\]. Clinical features, immunophenotype, chromosome karyotype, overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were analyzed.

RESULTSThe total complete remssion (CR) rate was 85.7%, CR rate after the first course of induction therapy was 71.4%. The median OS was 20 (1.2 - 162.4) months, and median RFS 78.0 (1.2 - 129.5) months. The 3 and 5 year OS rates were 42% and 42%, and 3 and 5 year RFS rates were 59% and 54%, respectively. The CR rate, CR after the first course of induction therapy and the median OS for the Eos(-) group were 76.9%, 61.5% and 11.2 (1.2 - 162.4) months; for the Eos(+) group were 96.8%, 89.6% and did not reach; for the Eos(+)inv16(+) group were 100%, 94.4% and did not reach; and for the Eos(+) inv(16)(-) group were 91.7%,69.2% and 14.3 months respectively. The statistical assay showed significant difference between Eos(+)inv(16)(-) and Eos(+)inv(16)(+) groups in OS. The Eos(+) patients present with early onset and low count of platelets.

CONCLUSIONEosinophilia emerged as a favorable prognostic factor, and the concomitant presence of both eosinophilia and inv(16) is associated with a significantly favorlable prognosis.

Humans ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence factors on survival and outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with t(8;21).

METHODSEighty seven AML patients with t(8;21) after long-term follow-up were enrolled in the analysis of clinical feature, immunophenotype, chromosome karyotype, treatment regimen, as well as the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS).

RESULTSThe overall complete remission (CR) rate was 95.3%. CR rate after first course therapy was 69.8%, after first course therapy containing medium dose Ara-C was 86.2%, and after first course of therapy containing standard-dose Ara-C was 60.3%. The median OS duration was 16.4 months, median RFS 11.7 months, 3 year OS rate 42%, 5 year OS rate 39%, 3 year RFS rate 55% and 5 year RFS rate 55%. Male gender chromosome 9q(-) had statistical significance for shorter OS and poor outcome, 2 courses of post-remission therapy with intermediate dose Ara-C, induction therapy with intermediate-dose Ara-C and post-remission with 4 courses consolidation therapy had statistically longer OS and RFS.

CONCLUSIONSex, chromosome karyotype, induction and consolidation therapy were important influence factors on OS and RFS. Application of intermediate dose Ara-C to induction and consolidation therapy leads to a higher CR rate, prolong OS and RFS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Translocation, Genetic ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical and biological characteristics and prognosis of adult biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL).

METHODSImmunophenotypes were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry, karyotype analysis by short-term culture R-banding technique. The chemotherapy regimens were accordingly for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or for both ALL and AML. Patients with Ph (+) or bcr-abl (+) were treated with Imatinib.

RESULTS(1) The incidence of BAL in acute leukaemias was 6.7%, with a male predominance and 52.3% of BAL patients had WBC > or = 30 x 10(9)/L and 16.9% WBC > or = 100 x 10(9)/L. (2) Percentages of coexpression of myeloid and B lymphoid antigens were 81.5%, of myeloid and T lymphoid antigens 10.8%, of myeloid, B- and T lymphoid antigens 4.6%, and of B and T lymphoid antigens 3.1%. (3) Normal and abnormal karyotypes accounted for 41.5% and 58.5%, respectively in 53 BAL patients with karyotype analysis. The rate of Ph (+) or bcr-abl (+) was 32.1%. (4) 31 (56.4%) of 65 patients achieved complete remission (CR), but CR rate was only 35.3% for Ph (+) or bcr-abl (+) cases.

CONCLUSION(1) High white blood cell count and coexpression of myeloid/B lymphoid antigens are common in BAL. (2) Abnormal karyotypes and Ph (+) or bcr-abl( +) often happen. (3) The treatment outcome of BAL is poor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate factors associated with survival of patients with Ph chromosome positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (aALL) in a period of 11 years.

METHODSAll the clinical parameters of 31 Ph positive patients were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.

RESULTPh(+) patients account for 15.3% (31/203) of all the aALL patients. Clinically, these patients manifested older in age, higher white blood cell counts with high blast fractions and lower platelet counts (PC). Phenotypically 82.6% of them were common ALL, 39.1% coexpressed myeloid antigens, and 56.5% expressed CD34 antigen. 65.4% of them (17/26) achieved complete remission (CR) and the median remission and survival durations were 4 months and 8 months, respectively. Patients with Ph(+) and additional chromosomal aberrations accounted for 42% of all the Ph(+) patients, including monosomy 7, +Ph, del(9)(p11-12) and add/t(16)(p13), and they had lower PC as compared with those with sole Ph(+) (P = 0.012) and variant Ph translocation (P = 0.01). CD34 positive patients had a shorter remission and survival duration than CD34 negative ones (0 vs 9 months for median remission time, P = 0.024; and 6 vs 12 months for median survival time, P = 0.034). There was no evidence to support the correlation between myeloid antigen expression and survival time in these patients.

CONCLUSIONPh(+) aALL is associated with adverse prognosis and CD34 expression is a poorer prognostic factor in Ph(+) aALL patients. There is no significant clinical difference between Ph(+) aALL with or without additional chromosomal aberrations.

Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and safety of zoledronic acid (Zoledex) in patients with cancer-induced hypercalcemia.

METHODSSeventeen patients with cancer-induced hypercalcemia (corrected blood calcium > 2.70 mmol/L) were treated intravenously by 4 mg zoledex within 15 minutes on the first day. The corrected blood calcium was observed every 4 days in the following 28 days.

RESULTSThe response rate was 94.1% (16/17). The mean corrected blood calcium became normal after the first dose of zoledex (P < 0.01). The lowest value was found on the fourteenth day after treatment. The main side effects consisted of fever (29.4%, 5/17), hypocalcemic tetany (11.8%, 2/17) and arythmia (5.9%, 1/17).

CONCLUSIONZoledex is effective and safe in the treatment of patient with cancer-induced hypercalcemia.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diphosphonates ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Imidazoles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Safety

OBJECTIVESTo explore the feasibility of DC being in vitro induced from AML cells with cytokine cocktails and their biological properties.

METHODSAML cells were cultured in either presence or absence of cytokine cocktails. DC were studied for morphology, and cytochemical and immunofluorescent staining. Functions of DC were examined by MLC, FITC-conjugated dextran uptake test, and LDH release assay. RT-PCR and FISH were used to analyze the specific fusion genes of culture-derived DC.

RESULTSClassical DC morphological changes occurred in all 15 cultured AML cells. DC-associated surface molecules such as CD(1a), CD(80), CD(86), CD(106), CD(83) and HLA-DR were upregulated (P < 0.05). The allostimulatory abilities of culture-derived DC were significantly higher than those of AML cells uncultured or cultured in the absence of cytokines (P < 0.05). Culture-derived DC only in the presence of GM-CSF + IL-4 have phagocytotic activities. CTL assay was performed in 5 of the 15 samples. At effector/target ratio of 20:1, auto-T lymphocytes primed with the culture-derived DC exhibited no more killing activity to auto-AML cells than those stimulated by IL-2 or uncultured AML cells. Culture-derived DC presenced the native AML-specific aberrant karyotype and related fusion gene.

CONCLUSIONSCytokine cocktails could in vitro induce AML cells into DC with classical morphology, immunophenotype and function. DC maturity induced by different cytokine cocktails could be variable. Culture-derived DC were originated from the native AML cells. AML cells could make the auto-T lymphocyte anergy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-4 ; pharmacology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology