The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in testicular volume changes after orchiopexy in children with cryptorchidism. The clinical data of 854 children with cryptorchidism who underwent orchiopexy between January 2013 and December 2016 in Shenzhen Children's Hospital (Shenzhen, China) were retrospectively analyzed. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 2.8 (2.5) years, and the duration of follow-up ranged from 1 year to 5 years. Ultrasonography was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively. The variables analyzed included age at the time of surgery, type of surgical procedure, laterality, preoperative testicular position, preoperative and postoperative testicular volumes, and the testicular volume ratio of them. The average testicular volumes preoperatively and at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years postoperatively were 0.27 ml, 0.38 ml, 0.53 ml, 0.87 ml, and 1.00 ml, respectively ( P < 0.001). The corresponding testicular volume ratios were 0.67, 0.76, 0.80, 0.83, and 0.84 ( P < 0.001). The mean volume of the undescended testes was significantly smaller than the mean normative value ( P < 0.001, lower than the 10 th percentile). The postoperative testicular volumes in children with cryptorchidism were generally lower than those in healthy boys but were still greater than the 10 th percentile and exhibited an increasing trend. The older the child is at the time of surgery, the larger the gap in volume between the affected and normal testes. Although testicular volume tends to gradually increase after orchiopexy for cryptorchidism, it could not normalizes. Earlier surgery results in affected testicular volumes closer to those of healthy boys.
Humans ; Male ; Cryptorchidism/diagnostic imaging* ; Orchiopexy ; Child, Preschool ; Testis/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Organ Size ; Ultrasonography ; Infant ; Child ; Postoperative Period ; Follow-Up Studies

Objective: To describe fertility and explore factors associated with it among pre-conception couples of childbearing age. Methods: Based on the pre-conceptional offspring trajectory study of the School of Public Health of Fudan University, couples of childbearing age who participated in the pre-conception physical examination in Shanghai Jiading District from 2016 to 2021 were recruited and followed up. Couples' time to pregnancy (TTP) was analyzed and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the factors associated with TTP. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate each menstrual cycle's cumulative pregnancy rate. Results: A total of 1 095 preconception couples were included in the analysis, the M(Q₁,Q₃)of TTP was 4.33 (2.41, 9.78) menstrual cycles. Age of women (FR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95, P<0.001), women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy (FR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.24-0.55, P<0.001), women who were exposed to second-hand smoking (FR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.92, P=0.016), women whose home or office had been renovated in the past 2 years and had a particular smell (FR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.81, P=0.008) were risk factors for impaired fertility. Regular menstrual cycles (FR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.16-2.31, P=0.005), females who often drank tea/coffee (FR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.11-2.17, P=0.011) and males who took folic acid before conception (FR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.38-4.23, P=0.002) were associated with better fertility. The cumulative pregnancy rate of 3, 6, and 12 menstrual cycles was 37.6%, 64.4%, and 78.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Older couples, overweight or obesity before pregnancy, irregular menstruation, exposure to secondhand smoke and decoration pollutants in females are associated with impaired fertility. Frequent tea/coffee drinking before pregnancy in females and taking folic acid before pregnancy in males are associated with shortened conception time.
Pregnancy ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Cohort Studies ; Overweight/complications* ; Coffee ; Intention ; China/epidemiology* ; Fertility ; Obesity/complications* ; Tea

Objective: To examine the application value of 3D Slicer software assisted domestic frameless stereotactic robot in biopsy of intracranial lesions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 80 patients who admitted consecutively and underwent intracerebral lesions biopsy with the domestic frameless stereotactic robot at Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. There were 36 males and 44 females, with a mean age of (38.5±18.0) years (range: 6 to 71 years). Before surgery only enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared gradient echo sequences and diffusion tensor imaging scans were performed. Self-reconstruction of intracranial lesions, cerebral cortex and blood vessels was carried out using 3D Slicer software system after the DICOM format imaging data of 80 patients were collected. These imaging data were merged to the workstation of the domestic frameless stereotactic robot for preoperative surgical planning and the surgical puncture path was designed to avoid blood vessels in the brain functional area, cerebral cortex and sulcus. Results: All frameless stereotactic biopsy were successfully performed. Postoperative pathological diagnosis included 50 cases of diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglioma, 15 cases of lymphoma, 5 cases of metastatic tumors, 5 cases of inflammatory demyelinating disease, 2 cases of inflammatory granuloma, 1 case of hemangioma, 1 case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia intracranial invasion and 1 case of seminoma. The positive diagnosis rate was 100% (80/80). Postoperative imaging confirmed that the puncture path and target were accurately implemented according to the preoperative planning, and the target error was (1.32±0.44) mm (range: 0.55 to 1.99 mm). One case of puncture-related bleeding occurred at the target after surgery and improved after treatment. Conclusion: The three-dimensional multimodal images reconstructed by the 3D Slicer software before operation could help the surgeons make the preoperative planning and reduce the risk of stereotactic brain biopsy.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotics ; Biopsy ; Software ; Stereotaxic Techniques

Objective: Compare and analyze the results of the domestic Lanyi AH600 glycated hemoglobin analyzer and other different detection systems to understand the comparability of the detection results of different detectors, and establish the best cut point of Lanyi AH600 determination of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: Multi center cohort study was adopted. The clinical laboratory departments of 18 medical institutions independently collected test samples from their respective hospitals from March to April 2022, and independently completed comparative analysis of the evaluated instrument (Lanyi AH600) and the reference instrument HbA1c. The reference instruments include four different brands of glycosylated hemoglobin meters, including Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong. Scatter plot was used to calculate the correlation between the results of different detection systems, and the regression equation was calculated. The consistency analysis between the results of different detection systems was evaluated by Bland Altman method. Consistency judgment principles: (1) When the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of the measurement difference was within 0.4% HbA1c and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was good; (2) When the measurement difference of 95% LoA exceeded 0.4% HbA1c, and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was relatively good; (3) The measurement score was less than 80 points, the comparison consistency was poor. The difference between the results of different detection systems was tested by paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test; The best cut-off point of diabetes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The correlation coefficient R² of results between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument in 16 hospitals is≥0.99; The Bland Altman consistency analysis showed that the difference of 95% LoA in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180) was -0.486%-0.325%, and the measurement score was 94.6 points (473/500); The difference of 95% LoA in the Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant II) was -0.727%-0.612%, and the measurement score was 89.8 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.231%-0.461%, and the measurement score was 96.6 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.469%-0.479%, and the measurement score was 91.9 points. The other 14 hospitals, Lanyi AH600, were compared with 4 reference instrument brands, the difference of 95% LoA was less than 0.4% HbA1c, and the scores were all greater than 95 points. The results of paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument Arkray HA8180 (Z=1.665,P=0.096), with no statistical difference. The mean difference between the measured values of the two instruments was 0.004%. The comparison data of Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument of all other institutions had significant differences (all P<0.001), however, it was necessary to consider whether it was within the clinical acceptable range in combination with the results of the Bland-Altman consistency analysis. The ROC curve of HbA1c detected by Lanyi AH600 in 985 patients with diabetes and 3 423 patients with non-diabetes was analyzed, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.877, the standard error was 0.007, and the 95% confidence interval 95%CI was (0.864, 0.891), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The maximum value of Youden index was 0.634, and the corresponding HbA1c cut point was 6.235%. The sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis were 76.2% and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Among the hospitals and instruments currently included in this study, among these four hospitals included Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180), Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ), the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), and the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), the comparison between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instruments showed relatively good consistency, while the other 14 hospitals involved four different brands of reference instruments: Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong, Lanyi AH600 had good consistency with its comparison. The best cut point of the domestic Lanyi AH600 for detecting HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes is 6.235%.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; ROC Curve

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of two different femoral cortical suspension devices (fixation loop and adjustable loop) on tunnel widening and knee function in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for 12 months. METHODS: A total of 60 patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were included in this study. According to the length of the loop(n)[n= total length of loop-(total length of femoral tunnel-total length of coarse tunnel)] in the rough bone tunnel, the patients were divided into A (adjustable loop was 0 mm in the coarse bone tunnel), B (fixation loop was greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) and C (fixation loop was greater than 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) groups, of which 11 cases were in group A, 27 cases in group B and 22 cases in group C. In the three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee joint with multi-slice spiral CT, the widening of the bone tunnel in the three groups was compared. At the same time, IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores of the patients in the three groups were compared. RESULTS: There were differences in the widening degree of the femoral canal among groups A, B and C, and the median difference of the widening degree of the femoral tunnel 12 months and immediately after the surgery was A < B < C. The difference of femoral canal widening in group A was significantly different from that in groups B and C (P < 0.05).According to the linear regression the relationship between the difference of the width of the femoral canal and the change of the length (n) of the loop in the coarse canal, it was found that there was a linear relationship between the value of n and the difference of the width of the bone canal. With the increase of the value of n, the difference of the width of the bone canal gradually became larger. The median difference of the width of the middle and superior tunnel was negative, while the median difference of the width of the middle and inferior tunnel was positive. During the follow-up, we found that there were no statistical differences in IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores among the three groups one year after surgery (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Twelve months after surgery, compared with group B (fixed loop group) and group C (fixed loop group), group A (adjustable loop group) had less bone tunnel widening.In groups A, B and C, as the length of the loop in coarse bone tunnel gradually increased, the width of bone tunnel became more significant. At the end of 12 months follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the medial and inferior femoral tunnel was significantly wider than immediately after surgery, and the medial and superior femoral tunnel had gradually begun to undergo tendon-bone healing. There was no significant difference in knee function scores among groups A, B, and C in the follow-up 12 months after surgery.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Femur/surgery* ; Humans ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Tendons ; Treatment Outcome

To investigate the effect and mechanism of psoralen on calvarial osteoblasts injuries caused by tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles in vitro. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from the calvaria of neonatal SD rat by the series of digestion and were identified with ALP staining. Calvarial osteoblasts were treated with TCP wear particles for 48 h to establish the in vitro model of osteoblasts injuries. The rat osteoblasts were randomly divided into control group, TCP wear particles (0.1 mg/ml) group, psoralen treated (at the concentrations of 10, 10, 10 mol/L) groups. WST assay and the flow cytometry were used to detect the cell viability of osteoblasts and apoptosis, respectively. Chemical colorimetry was performed to examine ALP activity of osteobalsts. When the osteoblasts were treated for 14 day, mineral nodules formation was observed with alizarin red S staining. Western blot was applied to examine protein expressions of glucose regulated protein78/94(GRP78/94), inositol dependent enzyme 1 alpha (IREα), spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in calvarial osteoblasts. Compared with control group, the cell viability of osteoblasts, ALP activity and mineral nodules formation in TCP group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while the percentage of apoptosis and protein expressions of GRP78/94, IRE1α, XBP1 and p-JNK were obviously increased in calvarial osteoblasts (P＜0.05). Compared with TCP group, the injuries of calvarial osteoblasts and cell apoptosis in psoralen treated groups were obviously decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression levels of GRP78/94, IRE1α, XBP1 and p-JNK were down-regulated remarkably (P＜0.05). Psoralen prevents osteoblasts injuries caused by TCP wear particles through IRE1α-XBP1s-JNK signaling pathway activation.

Objective To observe the effect of oridonin on the Th1/Th2 balance induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in a mice model of asthma.Methods Balbc female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal group, model group, and experimental-low, experimental-high groups, each group had 10 mice. The acute asthma model was induced by OVA. After the model was successfully established, the experimental group was injected with oridonin 20, 40 mg · kg-1, qd for 14 d. The normal group and the model group were given normal saline. The airway hyperresponsiveness of mice was detected by airway hyperresponsiveness instrument. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected by enzyme-linked adsorption assay. The percentage of Th1, Th2 cells in spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Results The airway hyperresponsiveness values when the concentration of methacholine was 100 μg·m L-1 in model, experimental-low, experimental-high groups were 2. 99 ± 0. 56, 2. 72 ± 0. 68 and 2. 58 ± 0. 43, respectively.The serum IgE levels (OD values) in the three groups were 1. 13 ± 0. 17, 0. 76 ± 0. 21 and 0. 59 ± 0. 19, respectively. The serum IL-4 levels in the three groups were (66. 3 ± 2. 1) , (56. 7 ± 2. 5) and (42. 7 ± 2. 5) pg·m L-1. The Th1/Th2 in spleen of the three groups were 0. 67 ± 0. 04, 0. 99 ± 0. 04 and 1. 47 ± 0. 06, respectively.Comparison between experimental-low, experimental-high groups with model group, the differences of the factors were significant (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Oridonin can reduce the level of serum IgE and regulate the differentiation of Th1/Th2, improvingthe inflammatory response of acute asthma model.

Objective To investigate whether elevated baseline levels of high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and neutrophil (NE) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Kailuan female cohort. Methods Females from Kailuan cohort (2006-2007) were included in this study. Information on check-up, hsCRP and NE were collected at baseline for all subjects. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of association between baseline hsCRP and NE values and breast cancer risk. Results By December 31, 2015, a total of 18 866 participants were enrolled in this study. During the follow-up, 183 new cases of breast cancer were observed. All participants were divided into three groups according to the level of hsCRP (<1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L). The cumulative incidence of breast cancer were 829/105, 1 211/105 and 1 495/105 in these 3 groups, respectively ( 2=12.08， P=0.002). Compared with participants with lower hsCRP levels (<1 mg/L), individuals with the highest hsCRP (>3 mg/L) levels had significantly increased risk of breast cancer (HR=1.71,95%CI: 1.18-2.47, P=0.005), howerver, we didn’t find the statistically significant association between NE level (<3.70×109/Lvs. ≥3.70×109/L) and the risk of brease cancer (P>0.05). Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline might increase the risk of breast cancer in females.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine and gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C in vitro. The levels of plasma adrenaline and norepinephrine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The plasma norepinephrine level of severe group was significantly higher than the mild group in children with EV71 infection in HFMD (P < 0.05); however, the levels of plasma adrenaline in two groups had no statistical differences (P > 0.05); There was no significant difference in the distribution of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C genotype and allele between EV71 infection group and healthy control group (P > 0.05). Further analysis of EV71 infection group by dividing it into mild and severe groups showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele between these two groups as well (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in different genotypes of EV71 infection group (P > 0.05), and in the levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the mild and severe groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions As the disease gets worse, the plasma norepinephrine level has a rising trend in children with EV71 infection in HFMD, which is an important indicator to evaluate the progress of the disease. However, the gene polymorphism of β1 adrenergic receptor G1165C have no significant correlation, not only with the susceptibility and severity of EV71 infection in hand, foot and mouth disease, but also with the levels of catecholamine.

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), the major effective component of ginseng, has been shown to have multiple bioactivities, but low oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, which could be used to validate and quantify the concentrations of Rg1 and its metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rat bile, urine, and feces after oral administration (25 mg/kg). Calibration curves offered satisfactory linearity (>0.995) within the determined ranges. Both intra-day and inter-day variances were less than 15%, and the accuracy was within 80-120%. The excretion recoveries of Rg1, ginsenoside Rh1 (Rh1), and protopanaxatriol (Ppt) in bile, urine, and feces combined were all greater than 70%. The fecal excretion recoveries of Rg1, Rh1, and Ppt were 40.11%, 22.19%, and 22.88%, respectively, whereas 6.88% of Rg1 and 0.09% of Rh1 were excreted in bile. Urinary excretion accounted for only 0.04% of Rg1. In conclusion, the observed excretion profiles for Rg1 and its metabolites after oral administration are helpful for understanding the poor oral bioavailability of Rg1 and will aid further investigations of Rg1 as a pharmacologically active component.