OBJECTIVETo investigate the DNA and chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte of workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde (FA).

METHODSAll 151 workers occupationally exposed to FA from two plywood factories and 112 workers without occupational FA exposure working in a machine manufactory were recruited into this study. Comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique was used to evaluate the DNA and chromosomal damage of peripheral blood lymphocyte. The air FA samples were collected with SKC 224-PCXR8 air samplers. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the FA level. Personal information including occupational history, age, sex, smoking and drinking status was collected by the questionnaire.

RESULTSThe time weighted average concentration (TWA) of FA in the working environment of FA-exposed workers (range 0.10 - 7.88 mg/m(3)) was higher than those in controls (< 0.01 mg/m(3)). The olive tail moment (Olive TM) in low FA-exposed workers [3.03 (2.49 - 3.67)] was lower than that in high FA-exposed workers [3.95 (3.53 - 4.43)], but higher than that in controls [0.93 (0.78 - 1.10)], the differences were statistical significant (P < 0.05). Comet trail length in FA-exposed workers were significantly higher than that in controls [6.78 (6.05 - 7.60)], but no significant differences ware found between the high FA-exposed workers [12.59 (11.80 - 13.43)] and the low FA-exposed workers [11.25 (10.12 - 12.50)]. The frequency of micronuclei per 100 binucleated cells in low FA-exposed workers (0.41 +/- 0.25) was lower than that in high FA-exposed workers (0.65 +/- 0.36), but higher than that in controls (0.27 +/- 0.13), the differences were statistical significant (P < 0.05). The increased tendencies with the exposure levels were found in those three indices. In stratification analysis, the same results were found.

CONCLUSIONIn the current FA exposure levels, the DNA and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte might be induced by FA exposure, and be increased with the levels of exposure.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; Formaldehyde ; analysis ; poisoning ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Micronucleus Tests ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Smoking ; Young Adult

The aim of the study is to establish a new method of quality evaluation and validate its feasibilities by the simultaneous quantitative assay of four lignanoids in Schisandra chinensis. A new quality evaluation method, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS), was established and validated with Schisandra chinensis. Four main lignanoids, schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin and gamma-schizandrin, were selected as analytes and schisandrin as internal reference substance to evaluate the quality. Their contents in 13 different batches of samples, collected from different bathes, were determined by both external standard method and QAMS. The method was evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method and QAMS. No significant differences were found in the quantitative results of four lignanoids in 13 batches of S. chinensis determined by external standard method and QAMS. QAMS is feasible for determination of four lignanoids simultaneously when some authentic standard substances were unavailable, and the developed method can be used for quality control of S. chinensis.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cyclooctanes ; analysis ; Dioxoles ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polycyclic Compounds ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry

Adhesives ; chemistry ; Benzene ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; Hexanes ; analysis ; Toluene ; analysis ; Trichloroethylene ; analysis

Objective This study aimed to explore the overall prevalence and type distribution of High Risk Human Papilloma Virus (HR -HPV)in invasive cervical cancer in China.Methods Literatures published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)and PubMed database from January 2000 to January 2013 were systematically searched. The generic inverse variance model and direct equal -weighted sum model were used.Results 33 studies were included in this meta -analysis.The pooled infectious rate of HR -HPV was 86.41% (95%confidence interval (CI)85.44% -87.38%).Top five HR -HPV types in invasive cervical cancer (ICC)women were HPV16,HPV18,HPV58,HPV52 and HPV33.The generic inverse variance model showed the pooled infectious rate of HR -HPV types was 86.99%(95%CI 83.45% -90.69%)with a significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 =90.19%,P <0.05).The infectious rate of HR -HPV in northern China was significantly higher than that in southern China (P <0.05).Conclusion The main types of HR -HPV infection are HPV16,HPV18,HPV58,HPV52 and HPV33 in China and the distribution varies in regions.

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of CCR5δ32, CCR2-64I and SDFl-3 A gene polymorphisms with HIV-1-infection in Chinese population.

METHODSA meta-analysis was performed to identify case-control studies of CCR5δ32, CCR2-64I and SDFl-3 A polymorphisms from the literatures.

RESULTSFourteen studies of CCR5δ32 were found, involving a total of 1607 cases and 1632 controls. Compared with the wild-type homozygote wt/wt, the pooled odds ratios (95%CI) of wt/mt, mt/mt, and wt/mt+mt/mt genotypes of CCR5δ32 gene polymorphisms were 1.156 (0.808, 1.654), 0.997 (0.198, 5.022), and 1.149 (0.808, 1.634), respectively. Twelve studies of CCR2-64I were identified, including 1415 cases and 1239 controls. Compared with the wild-type homozygote wt/wt, the pooled odds ratios (95%CI) of wt/mt, mt/mt, and wt/mt+mt/mt genotypes of CCR2-64I gene polymorphisms were 1.005 (0.844, 1.197), 1.191 (0.808, 1.754), and 1.028 (0.870, 1.214), respectively. Ten studies of SDFl-3 A were found, involving 1179 cases and 1003 controls. Compared with the wild-type homozygote wt/wt, the pooled odds ratios (95%CI) of wt/mt, mt/mt, and wt/mt + mt/mt genotypes of SDF1-3 A gene polymorphisms were 1.010 (0.830, 1.228), 1.188 (0.860, 1.643), and 1.038 (0.861, 1.250).

CONCLUSIONCCR5δ32, CCR2-64I and SDFl-3 A gene polymorphisms do not show strong correlations to HIV-1-infection in Chinese population. These 3 genes may not have protective effect against HIV-1 infection in Chinese population, suggesting the susceptibility of Chinese population to the infection.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, CCR2 ; genetics ; Receptors, CCR5 ; genetics

Objective To develop the method of 16S rRNA gene clone library for tick bacterial flora analysis, and to analyze the detection effective of pathogens in tick and capacity of bacterial flora diversity. Methods Primers were designed according to the specific gene of Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella henselae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis and templates were choosen by positive PCR result to amplify the DNA extracted from the ticks. One set of primers targeting 16S rRNA gene conserved region were chosen to amplify certain fragments, DNA extraction, PCR reaction, cloning and sequencing. Nucleotide sequences were compared with GenBank database. Calculated Coverage values of clone library and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Results Sixteen defined genus-or species-bacteria were detected in 103 valid sequences. Eight species were edge type (Clone No. > 5). Three kinds of pathogens were identified (Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella henselae and Rickettsia sp). Three kinds of pathogens were not edge type(Clone No. < 5). Coverage value was 96.11%, and Shannon-Wiener index was 2.40. Analysis results of cloning sequence showed that tick-parasitic bacteria mainly were α and γ deformation mycetes which accounted for 56.25% (9/16). Conclusions The 16S rRNA gene sequences technology could make relative quantitative of bacterial flora, and detect many kinds of pathogens in tick. It's a good method for detection of pathogens and bacterial flora analysis.

Objective To understand the status of depression and social support in cancer patients,to discuss the correlation between them,and to provide basis for improving their quality of life and mental states.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 82 cancer patients with radiotherapy using Zung Depression Rating Scale (SDS) and Social Support Rating.Scale (SSRS).Results 50 cases (60.98％ ) had depression symptoms ; Their SSRS score was ( 44.51 ± 4.02),with significant difference from the norm (34.56 ± 3.73 ) scores (t =22.425 ;P ＜0.01 ).Significant differences of social support and depression were found among different age groups and educational levels of cancer patients (P ＜0.01 ).Depression of the patients had a significant negative correlation with the level of social support,objective support,subjective support and utilization of support (r =-0.791,-0.855,-0.710,and -0.658;P＜0.01).Conclusions Incidence of depression in cancer patients was high and the level of social support was fine.Depression is negatively related with social support.Nurses should pay attention to the role of social support systems in depression of cancer patients and use appropriate social support to improve the quality of life and psychological state of patients.

OBJECTIVETo survey the prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Laribacter hongkongensis (LH) and their drug resistance in diarrhea patients in Guangzhou.

METHODSWe detected 646 fecal cases collected between Sep 2008 and Oct 2009 from the out-patient and emergency departments in a hospital. EC enriched culture medium was used for enrichment. MAC- and CMAC-specific culture media were used to isolate ETEC and LH from the specimens. The biochemical agents API20NE and API20E were employed for biochemical identification, and PCR was used for genetic identification. K-B disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

RESULTSNo LH was detected in the total 646 patients, and 38 patients were positive for ETEC, with a detection rate of 6%. Antibiotics resistance test showed that 38 strains of ETEC had a high resistance rate to penicillin, tetracycline and sulfa, but remained sensitive to cephalosporins.

CONCLUSIONSLH may have a low prevalence in Guangzhou. The incidence of diarrhea caused by ETEC tends to decrease as compared with that a decade ago, and further multi-center survey is needed for confirmation. Consumption of aquatic products may be one of the major risk factors for ETEC infection. Cephalosporins can be used for ETEC-induced diarrhea.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Cephalosporins ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Neisseriaceae ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect of oridonin on the Th1/Th2 balance induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in a mice model of asthma.Methods Balbc female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal group, model group, and experimental-low, experimental-high groups, each group had 10 mice. The acute asthma model was induced by OVA. After the model was successfully established, the experimental group was injected with oridonin 20, 40 mg · kg-1, qd for 14 d. The normal group and the model group were given normal saline. The airway hyperresponsiveness of mice was detected by airway hyperresponsiveness instrument. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected by enzyme-linked adsorption assay. The percentage of Th1, Th2 cells in spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Results The airway hyperresponsiveness values when the concentration of methacholine was 100 μg·m L-1 in model, experimental-low, experimental-high groups were 2. 99 ± 0. 56, 2. 72 ± 0. 68 and 2. 58 ± 0. 43, respectively.The serum IgE levels (OD values) in the three groups were 1. 13 ± 0. 17, 0. 76 ± 0. 21 and 0. 59 ± 0. 19, respectively. The serum IL-4 levels in the three groups were (66. 3 ± 2. 1) , (56. 7 ± 2. 5) and (42. 7 ± 2. 5) pg·m L-1. The Th1/Th2 in spleen of the three groups were 0. 67 ± 0. 04, 0. 99 ± 0. 04 and 1. 47 ± 0. 06, respectively.Comparison between experimental-low, experimental-high groups with model group, the differences of the factors were significant (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Oridonin can reduce the level of serum IgE and regulate the differentiation of Th1/Th2, improvingthe inflammatory response of acute asthma model.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of vascular endothelial cell function and platelet activation in rabbit spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and their roles in the spinal cord injury.

METHODSRabbit spinal cord I/R injury models were established using Zivin method, and the changes in plasma NO and GMP140 levels were dynamically monitored after the injury.

RESULTSPlasma NO level increased significantly in the I/R group at the end of the ischemia, and reached the peak level at 2 h of reperfusion as compared to that in sham-operated group (P<0.01). Plasma NO level decreased at 6 h of reperfusion, but still significantly higher than the level in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Plasma GMP140 underwent no significant changes in the sham-operated group, but significantly increased in the I/R group at the end of the ischemia, followed by gradual declination to the normal level at 2 h of reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONSpinal cord I/R injury causes overexpressions of NO and GMP140, suggesting the involvement of endothelial cell injury and platelet overactivation in the pathological process and repair of spinal cord I/R injury.

Animals ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Platelet Activation ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Spinal Cord ; pathology ; physiopathology