Animals ; Arecoline ; pharmacology ; Cholinergic Agonists ; pharmacology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiology ; Pyloric Antrum ; physiology ; Receptor, Muscarinic M3 ; metabolism

This study aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets (CRTTs) and its component triamterene on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings. Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted by high potassium or norepinephrine (NE) were used to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of CRTTs and its component triamterene. The mechanisms concerning endothelium, potassium channels and calcium channels were studied through the interventions of several tool drugs. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the requirements of the Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The results showed that both CRTTs and triamterene had potent relaxant effect on KCl and NE pre-contracted vessels. Triamterene showed partial endothelium dependency, and N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) could influence the relaxant effect, which may be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. Meanwhile, CRTTs could inhibit intracellular Ca²⁺ release and extracellular Ca²⁺ influx. Overall, CRTTs and its component triamterene have vasorelaxant effects on vessels in vitro, and the vasorelaxant effect of CRTTs may be related to intracellular Ca²⁺ release and extracellular Ca²⁺ influx, while this effect of triamterene may depend on vascular endothelial function and may also be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels.

Objective To explore the effects of intensive antiplatelet therapy for patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity(HPR)after coronary stent implantation.Methods Between March 2009 and February 2011,a total of 3316 consecutive acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing drug-eluting stent implanting from 3 hospitals were enrolled.Among them,840 patients(25.3％)were identified as HPR (defined as 20 μmol/L adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation of ≥ 55％ at 24 hours after administration of 300 mg clopidogrel loading dose and 300 mg aspirin).The HPR patients were randomly assigned to receive standard(aspirin 300 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d,n =280)or intensified(n =560)antiplatelet therapy by the ratio of 1: 2.Patients in the intensive group were initially treated with a double maintenance dose of clopidogrel(150 mg/d)and aspirin(300 mg/d).After 3 days,patients with unsolved HPR received additional cilostazol treatment(50-100 mg,bid).The reversion rate of HPR and clinical events were observed.Results In the intensive group,HPR reversed in 304 out of 560 patients(54.3％)at 3 days post therapy and the remaining 256 patients with HPR were treated with additional cilostazol regimen for another 3 days and the total reversion rate of HPR was 81.1％(454/560).The reversion rate of HPR at 30 days in the intensified group was significantly higher than that of the standard grooup(69.9％ vs.55.7％,P =0.000).At 30 days after percutaneous coronary infervention,l patient suffered from subacute stent thrombosis(0.2％)in intensified group and no stent thrombosis was observed in standard group(P =1.000).There were no death,major or minor bleeding in both two groups.Minimal bleeding was also similar in the two groups(intensive: 4.28％ vs.standard: 2.14％,P =0.166).Conclusions The intensified antiplatelet therapy regimens could significantly increase the reversion rate of HPR in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing coronary stenting without increasing the risk of bleeding.The clinic impact of this strategy needs to be elucidated by long term follow-up outcome studies.

OBJECTIVETo search for an effective therapy for functional anejaculation (AE).

METHODSFifty-five AE patients were randomized into a treatment group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 25), the former treated with Yangjing Capsule (once 5 pills, tid) and low-dose tadalafil (5 mg, qd alt, 1 h before bedtime), while the latter with oral ephedrine (25 mg before bedtime). Meanwhile, the patients were advised to expose themselves to sexual stimulation, reduce the frequency of sexual intercourses and quit masturbation. The medication lasted 1-3 months, followed by observation of the therapeutic effects.

RESULTSThe total effectiveness rate was 83.34% in the treatment group, 11 cases cured, 8 obviously improved, 6 improved and 5 unimproved, significantly higher than 40.00% in the control group, 4 cases cured, 3 obviously improved, 3 improved and 15 unimproved (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONYangiing Capsule plus low-dose tadalafil is safe and effective for the treatment of functional anejaculation.

Adult ; Capsules ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; drug therapy ; Tadalafil ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the impairment of fenvalerate on reproductive and endocrine systems and clarify the mechanism of action.

METHODSDifferent doses of fenvalerate (0, 2, 4, 12, 60 mg/kg) were orally treated to the adult male SD rats for 15 days and 30 days, respectively. The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone(T) and testis homogenate T were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). Besides, the activity of testicular marked enzymes such as acid phosphatases(ACP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(gamma-GT) were examined, and sperm head counts were measured to explain the changes of daily sperm production(Spr).

RESULTSIn fifteen days, serum FSH levels markedly increased in rats exposed to fenvalerate of < or = 12 mg/kg groups(P < 0.01) and serum levels of LH increased in 12 mg/kg group(P < 0.01). In addition, T levels in testis homogenates decreased after treated with the doses of > or = 12 mg/kg groups compared with the control group(P < 0.01). In thirty days, serum contents of FSH were significantly elevated in the doses of > or = 12 mg/kg groups(P < 0.01) and homogenate levels of T were diminished in the low dose group(2.4 mg/kg) (P < 0.05). Activity of ACP increased in 12 mg/kg group after fifteen days(P < 0.05) and was restrained in the high dose group(60 mg/kg) in thirty days(P < 0.05), but the contents of gamma-GT were arrested with different doses dependently in the testis(P < 0.05). Fenvalerate caused dose-dependent reduction in sperm head counts and daily sperm production, which markedly reduced at the doses of > or = 12 mg/kg groups(P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSFenvalerate has obvious reproductive toxicity on male rats and can change their serum and testis homogenate levels of sex hormone or activity of testicular marked enzymes, which may be correlated with the impairment of Sertoli cell and spermatogenic epithelium.

Animals ; Endocrine System ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Insecticides ; toxicity ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Testosterone ; blood

The objective of present study is to investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection on human hippocampus neural stem cells NSCs differentiation in vitro, Fetal hippocampus tissue was dissociated mechanically and then cultured in proliferation medium with EGF and bFGF. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of NSCs marker-Nestin within these cells. Cultured in 10% FBS, NSCs began to differentiate. On the onset of the differentiation, HCMV AD169 (MOI=5) was added into the differentiation medium. After 7 days differentiation, the effect of HCMV infection on NSCs differentiation was observed by detecting the rate of nestin, GFAP and HCMV immediate-early (IE) positive cells with confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence method. The resucts showed most of the cells (passage 4-6 ) were Nestin positive and could differentiate into NSE-positive neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes. On day 7 postinfection, 86% +/- 12% of infected cells were IE positive. The percentage of Nestin-positive cells was 50% +/- 19% and 93% +/- 10% (t= 6.03, P<0.01)and those of GFAP-positive cells was 81% +/- 11% and 55 +/- 17% (t=3.77, P<0.01) in uninfected and infected cells respectively. These findings indicated that NSCs were HCMV permissive cell and HCMV AD 169 infection suppressed the differentiation of Hippocampus-genetic human neural stem cells into astrocytes.
Astrocytes ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus ; growth & development ; physiology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Humans ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; virology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Neurons ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of combined continued estrogen and progestin replacement therapy on knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms of postmenopausal women.

METHODSSixty-four postmenopausal women with radiological knee OA and symptoms aged 45-75 were divided into treatment group and control group. They were given estradiol velerate (E2V) 1.0 mg/d and medroxyprogestetone acetate (MPA) 2 mg/d (treatment group) or placebo (control group) for 6 months. Calcium 400 mg/d were given to all cases. Then 0-100 mm visual analon scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the severity of knee pain at baseline and after 1, 3, 6 month of treatment.

RESULTSSignificant differences on pain at night and tenderness around knee were seen in the treatment group compared with the control group after 1 months of treatment (P = 0.036 and 0.035, respectively). The improvement of pain at night, during walk and morning stiffness between the two groups showed significant difference after 6 months (P = 0.026, 0.027, and 0.011, respectively).

CONCLUSIONCombined estrogen and progestin replacement therapy can relieve the knee OA symptoms of postmenopausal women.

Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Estradiol ; therapeutic use ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; drug therapy ; Postmenopause ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of daily low-dose tadalafil on erectile dysfunction (ED) induced by pelvic fracture urethral disruption (PFUD).

METHODSThis study included 46 cases of PFUD-induced ED treated from Jan 2008 to Dec 2011. The patients were aged 33.9 +/- 7.2 years (range 25 -51 yr), and the interval between injury and treatment was 19.6 +/- 12.7 months (range 3 - 72 mo), all with normal erectile function before PFUD. Based on the nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) recorded by erectometry without medication of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE-5I), the patients were divided into an abnormal nocturnal erection group and a non-nocturnal erection group, and treated with tadalafil 10 mg once daily for 3 months. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by IIEF-5 scores and the rate of yes responses to questions 2 and 3 of the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP).

RESULTSTotally 38 (82.6%) of the patients accomplished the treatment and follow-up, 26 (68.4%) in the abnormal nocturnal erection group and 12 (31.6%) in the non-nocturnal erection group. After 3 months of daily tadalafil treatment at 10 mg, the IIEF-5 scores were significantly improved in the abnormal nocturnal erection group than in the non-nocturnal erection group (P < 0.05), and the rate of yes responses to SEP2 and SEP3 was remarkably higher in the former than in the latter (76.9% vs 41.7% and 65.4% vs 25.0%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDaily low-dose tadalafil can effectively improve the erectile function of PFUD-induced ED patients, particularly in those with nocturnal erection.

Adult ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; injuries ; Penile Erection ; Tadalafil ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethra ; injuries

Objective To survey the training status and demands among ICU nurses and provide the evidence to the reasonable training scheme.Methods A descriptive design Was used in this study.From February to March in 2008.632 ICU nurses from 16 top-level and first-class general hospitals in China completed the questionnaires.Results The rate of professional training for nurses in ICU was 69.6%and 28.9%of them had never received the training.There were 37.6%of ICU nurses who had received the systemic training.24.4%of them had received decentralized training.6.9%of them had received individual training and 2.4%of them had studied by themselves.The average SCOre of the training demands for nurses in ICU was(2.20±0.63).the influential factors of the training demands for nurses in ICU included the age,nursing age,time working in ICU,professional title and training level of different ICU.Conclusions The levelof training demands for nurses in ICU is fairly high.The training causes should he taken according tO thedifferent age.time working,professional title and training level for nurses in ICU.