In order to prepare the fundamental data for preventing the hazardous effects at toluene exposure in many kinds of industry, the authors determined the level of urinary hippuric acid on 592 toluene exposed women(exposed group) and 102 unexposed women(control group) in Pusan area, from April 1 to October 31, 1986. Hippuric acid was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was 0.44+/-0.21g/l(0.11-0.89g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 2. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the exposed group was 1.56+/-0.95g/l(0.44-4.57g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 3. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by age group was not statistically significant in the control group, but in the exposed the urinary hippuric acid concentration was highest in women between 20-29 years old(1.71+/-0.95g/l) and was statistically significant(p<0.01). 4. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by duration of working hours was not statistically significant(p>0.1).
Busan ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Toluene*

Pnuemocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is one of leading causes of acute respiratory failure in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the mortality rate remains high in mechanically ventilated HIV patients with PJP. There are several reported cases who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment for respiratory failure associated with severe PJP in HIV-infected patients. We report a patient who was newly diagnosed with HIV and PJP whose condition worsened after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation and progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring veno-venous ECMO. The patient recovered from PJP and is undergoing treatment with HAART. ECMO support can be an effective life-saving salvage therapy for acute respiratory failure refractory to mechanical ventilation following HAART in HIV-infected patients with severe PJP.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; HIV ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pneumocystis jirovecii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Salvage Therapy

A 48-year-old woman presented with right visual aura evolving into versive and clonic seizures. The seizures were controlled not by anticonvulsants but bynormalization of blood sugar and not by anticonvulsants. T2-weighted MRI (T2WI) showed subcortical hypointensity and cortical hyperintensity with a low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in left occipital area, which reversed into a high ADC value at in follow-up images. Serial MRIs including diffu-sion- weighted images seemed to reveal tissue injury after partial status epilepticus and regional ischemia associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia.
Anticonvulsants ; Blood Glucose ; Diffusion ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia* ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Occipital Lobe* ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus

In order to observe the growth and development of Fibricola seoulensis metacercariae, the tadpoles of Rana nigromagulata were experimentally infected with the cercariae. The metacercariae of various developmental stages were recovered from the tadpoles after 2 to 65 days of infection. They were prepared for morphological observation, and were given orally to mice to observe their infectivity. The following results were obtained. All of the tadpoles exposed to the cercariae were observed to harbour the larvae in their abdominal cavity. The young metacercariae of 2 days after infection were 121.1 micrometer long and 63.3 micrometer wide. They grow linearly for the first 14 days to be 262.0 micrometer long and 166.4 micrometer wide. Thereafter, no more growth recognized until 65 days. The larvae of 2 days old were similar with cercarial body and had 2 suckers, a pharynx, two ceca and a primordium of germ cells but no tribocytic organ. On the 8th day, they had tribocytic organ, and their morphology resembled that of mature metacercariae. The metacercariae younger than 10 days could not infect the mice. Only the metacercariae older than 14 days had infectivity. The recovery rate increased by the age of metacercariae from 19.0% in 14 days old to 70.0% in 40 days old. Above findings indicate that the tadpole is indispensible for metacercarial development and it needs at least 2 weeks for maturation. The tadpole is a pivotal host in the life cycle of F. seoulensis for connection between the snail and the frog.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fibricola seoulensis ; metacercaria ; development

Antireflux surgery has been indicated in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that does not respond to medical treatments. Although the most commonly performed operation is Nissen fundoplication, Belsey Mark IV fundoplication is indicated for more complicated cases, such as, in cases of a failed Nissen operation or a long lasting hiatal hernia. Here, we report a case of Belsey Mark IV fundoplication for a failed Nissen fundoplication. The infant developed frequent times of aspiration pneumonia after initial Nissen for a hiatal hernia with GERD during the newborn period. At 15 months of age, a 2nd Nissen operation was attempted, but fundoplication was not available because of excessive mesenteric adherence to the liver and cardia. Therefore, Belsey Mark IV fundoplication was performed via trans-thoracic approach, which can provide full esophageal mobilization and better visualization of the herniated fundus and the surrounding tissues. Subsequently, she has shown an improved general condition without GERD.
Cardia ; Fundoplication* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Hernia, Hiatal ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver ; Pneumonia, Aspiration

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the West point view, we investigated the osseous pathology of the glenoid rim associated with shoulder instability and estimate the inter-observer reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The West point views of sixty-seven patients with labral lesion confirmed by operation were mixed with those of thirty-three normal controls. Six observers independently reviewed the mixed radiographs and checked the lesion by identifying the glenoid erosion, bony defect, ectopic ossification and Hill-Sachs lesion. The incidence of osseous lesions suggesting instability was estimated. Sensitivity in the patient group, specificity in the normal control and inter-observer reliability were calculated to evaluate study susceptibility. RESULTS: The sensitivity of 67 patients group was 81.8% on average (73-94%), the specificity of 33 member control group was 85.2% (82-94%). The most frequent finding was glenoid erosion, with an average of 54.7%, which providing a sensitive clue of shoulder instability. Inter-observer reliability analyzed by using Kappa values showed significant agreement. (alpha=0.1 significant level). CONCLUSION: The West point view is considered to be a reliable diagnostic modality for shoulder instability. The additional sophisticated method is indicated only when a discrepancy between physical examination and radiologic findings exists.
Humans ; Incidence ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Pathology ; Physical Examination ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shoulder*

Pnuemocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is one of leading causes of acute respiratory failure in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the mortality rate remains high in mechanically ventilated HIV patients with PJP. There are several reported cases who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment for respiratory failure associated with severe PJP in HIV-infected patients. We report a patient who was newly diagnosed with HIV and PJP whose condition worsened after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation and progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring veno-venous ECMO. The patient recovered from PJP and is undergoing treatment with HAART. ECMO support can be an effective life-saving salvage therapy for acute respiratory failure refractory to mechanical ventilation following HAART in HIV-infected patients with severe PJP.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; HIV ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pneumocystis jirovecii ; Pneumocystis ; Pneumonia ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Salvage Therapy

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is one of the most serious complication occuring after solid organ transplantation. In general, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of stomach has not been considered to be part of this spectrum, because most of the MALT lymphoma are associated with not EBV but H.pylori. Until now, there have been only a few cases of MALT lymphoma after transplantation. We report case of gastric MALT lymphoma following renal transplantation and review the reported cases in the literatures.
Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Organ Transplantation ; Stomach ; Transplants