【Objective】

To investigate the role of the back and foot muscles during lateral weight-shifting in the standing position by examining the corresponding muscle activity patterns associated with a postural change.

【Methods】

The subjects were 24 healthy men (age 24.3 ± 2.6 [mean ± SD] years). The following parameters were recorded : center of pressure (COP) ; surface electromyograms of the multifidus, iliocostalis, longissimus (bilateral), peroneus, and foot supinator (on the moving side) muscles ; and video imaging during lateral weight-shifting after 2 seconds in the standing position.

【Results】

Horizontal movement of the pelvis resulted in elevation of the non-moving side from the middle of the COP, with moving side displacement. In the lower limbs, lateral weight shifting resulted in an outward tilt due to foot pronation. Activity of the multifidus, iliocostalis, and longissimus muscles on the non-moving side, and the peroneus and foot supinator muscles on the moving side, tended to increase with displacement of the COP on the moving side.

【Conclusion】

The multifidus, iliocostalis, and longissimus muscles were involved in lateral flexion of the thoracolumbar area and elevation of the pelvis on the non-moving side. Simultaneously, the foot supinator and peroneus muscles were involved in pronation of the grounded foot.

A study was designed to examine the effects of exercise intensity on renal clearance parameters. Five healthy male subjects underwent exercise tests on an bicycle ergometer at 4 different work loads for 15 min. The indicators of exercise intensity employed were the percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (%VO₂max), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate level (La) . As parameters of renal clearance, para-aminohippurate clearance (CPAH), thiosulfate clearance (C_thio) and creatinine clearance (C_cr) were measured by the continuous infusion technique during the exercise.
1) The renal clearance parameters during exercise decreased linearly as the exercise intensity increased. The percentage of maximal oxygen uptake at the onset of the decreases in %C_PAH, %C_chiu and %C_cr were 36, 45 and 47%VO₂max, respectively.
2) Among the indicators of exercise intensity, the decrease in La showed the closest correlation with renal clearance during the exercise.
3) The renal plasma flow, which was measured as C_PAH, began to decrease linearly at a significantly lower exercise intensity than the glomerular filtration rate, which was measured as both C_thio and C_cr.
The above results suggest that renal clearance parameters begin to decrease at the threshold as exercise intensity increases.

It is important to collect patients' and their families' opinions to provide good palliative care. This study aims to analyze the contents of free description provided by the survey for cancer patients and bereaved families, which was performed before the intervention of The Outreach Palliative Care Trial of Integrated Regional Model (OPTIM) study. Requests for and good points of cancer treatment and palliative care were collected and classified. 1,493 advanced cancer patients and 1,658 bereaved families in four areas received the questionnaire, and 271 patients and 550 families filled in the free description. Cancer patients and bereaved families had demands for improved communication with medical staff, improved quality of pain relief, financial support of treatment, more educational activities on palliative care, and improved cooperation within and outside hospitals. Palliat Care Res 2011; 6(2): 237-245

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of sedation with propofol as an alternative to benzodiazepine drugs in outpatient endoscopy. Methods: In this prospective study, examinees who underwent outpatient endoscopy under propofol sedation and submitted a nextday questionnaire with providing informed consent were evaluated. Periprocedural acute responses, late adverse events within 24 hours, and examinee satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Among the 4,122 patients who received propofol in the 17,978 outpatient-based endoscopic examinations performed between November 2016 and March 2018, 2,305 eligible examinees (esophagogastroduodenoscopy for 1,340, endoscopic ultrasonography for 945, and total colonoscopy for 20) were enrolled, and their responses to a questionnaire were analyzed. The mean propofol dose was 69.6±24.4 mg (range, 20–200 mg). Diazepam, midazolam, and/or pentazocine in combination with propofol was administered to 146 examinees. Mild oxygen desaturation was observed in 59 examinees (2.6%); and mild bradycardia, in 2 (0.09%). Other severe reactions or late events did not occur. After eliminating 181 invalid responses, 97.7% (2,065/2,124) of the patients desired propofol sedation in future examinations. Conclusions Propofol sedation was found to be safe—without severe adverse events or accidents—for outpatient endoscopy on the basis of the patients’ next-day self-evaluation. Given the high satisfaction level, propofol sedation might be an ideal tool for painless endoscopic screening.

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of sedation with propofol as an alternative to benzodiazepine drugs in outpatient endoscopy. Methods: In this prospective study, examinees who underwent outpatient endoscopy under propofol sedation and submitted a nextday questionnaire with providing informed consent were evaluated. Periprocedural acute responses, late adverse events within 24 hours, and examinee satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Among the 4,122 patients who received propofol in the 17,978 outpatient-based endoscopic examinations performed between November 2016 and March 2018, 2,305 eligible examinees (esophagogastroduodenoscopy for 1,340, endoscopic ultrasonography for 945, and total colonoscopy for 20) were enrolled, and their responses to a questionnaire were analyzed. The mean propofol dose was 69.6±24.4 mg (range, 20–200 mg). Diazepam, midazolam, and/or pentazocine in combination with propofol was administered to 146 examinees. Mild oxygen desaturation was observed in 59 examinees (2.6%); and mild bradycardia, in 2 (0.09%). Other severe reactions or late events did not occur. After eliminating 181 invalid responses, 97.7% (2,065/2,124) of the patients desired propofol sedation in future examinations. Conclusions Propofol sedation was found to be safe—without severe adverse events or accidents—for outpatient endoscopy on the basis of the patients’ next-day self-evaluation. Given the high satisfaction level, propofol sedation might be an ideal tool for painless endoscopic screening.