Objective To establish a monitoring and evaluation indicator framework in the context of malaria elimination in pilot areas in China,so as to further assess the malaria elimination work in the future. Methods Based on the consultancy, and according to the government documents such as Action Plan for Malaria Elimination in China (2010-2020),Technical Guidance for Malaria Elimination,Programme Evaluation on Malaria Elimination,the indicators were set up at both provincial and county levels and their application was conducted in Yunnan and Anhui provinces to assess the accountability,accessibility and applicability. Results An indicator framework was built up including four key components,which were input,process, output and impact indicators,in which 95 were provincial indicators and 98 were county indicators. The completion rate of the indicators of Yunnan and Anhui provinces were 94.7%(90/95)and 95.8%(91/95)respectively;and the completion rate of in?dicators of Tengchong and Feidong counties were 93.9%(92/98)and 92.9%(91/98)respectively. Conclusion The estab?lished indicator framework is reliable and applicable,which could effectively help to track the malaria elimination progress and identify gaps.

Objective:To provide anatomic image data for ossointegrated implant for patients with nasal defect. Methods: 100 cases of (50 males, 50 females) 3D spiral CT images of normal bone of skull were measured with mimics 10.01 software. Results: The minimum distance between the root tips of central incisor and the anterior nasal floor was 13.03 in males and 11.06 in females. The minimum distance between the root tips of lateral incisor and the anterior nasal floor was 15.95 mm in males and 13.04 mm in females, the minimum thickness of palatine process 6mm inferior to piriform aperture was 9.96 mm, the minimum thickness of alveolus 6mm inferior to piriform aperture was 11.57 mm in males and 10.61 mm in females, the thickness of glabella adjoin to frontal sinus was 3.57mm. Conclusion: The lateral incisor region is an optimal one for nasal implants 4-8 mm in length. The inclined direction can either be forward or backward. When the vertical bone depth is not enough, horizontal placement of the implants in the inferior region of piriform should be considered. 4-8 mm implants is suitable in this region. The glabella region is not optimal but an alternative option for nasal implants.

Objective:To explore the method of the establishment of edentulous mandible All-on-4 implant photoelastic model with various distally tilted implants by computer-aided design(CAD).Methods:The edentulous mandible specimen was scanned by CT. Three-dimensional models of the mandible consisting of implant location were reconstructed and edited with Mimics and Geomagic Stu-dio software.Each of the four models had four implant sockets in the interforaminal area.In the first model,the bilateral distal im-plants were placed vertically.In the other models,the posterior implants were respectively inclined by 1 5°,30°and 45°distally.The four models were manufactured by RP and then the All-on-4 photoelastic models were made by traditional ways.Results:The ob-tained ethoxyline resin models featured bright surface,homogeneous structure,faintly yellowish,high optical sensibility,precision im-plants location and with no natural stress.The model offered a good experimental basis for the stress measurement.Conclusion:The method of fabricating ethoxyline resin models by CAD is reproducible,which simplifies the operating process.

Objective To sequence and analyze the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Oncomelania hupensis. Methods Four long fragments were amplified by long PCR using the primers designed based on mtDNA-COⅠ, Cytb, 16S rRNA and COⅢ gene sequences, and sequenced by conserved primer-walking. Rusults The mitochondrial genome (GenBank accession no. FJ997214) was a circular molecule of 15 182 bp with a total A+T content of 67.32%, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an A+T-rich region of 72 bp. All 13 protein-coding genes of the O. hupensis mtDNA used ATG as start codon. Canonical TAA and TAG termination codons were found in 12 protein-coding genes, and the remaining one (ND1) had an incomplete termination codon (T). Two short gene overlaps were found with a length of 4 bp and 7 bp, respectively. The length of 21 total intergenic region of mtDNA was 145 bp ranging from 1-30 bp. A total of 22 transferring RNA were found, all of which were typical cloverleaf structure except for two tRNASer, one tRNAGln and one tRNAIle. Conclusion The complete sequence of O. hupensis mitochondrial genome has been determined.

Objective To construct a spatial genetic database of Oncomelania hupensis and a managing system for spatial distribution and population studies based on landscape genetics theory. Methods The uninfected Oncomelania snails were collected from the field. Collected sites database, specimen database and genetic information database were set up by using Microsoft SQL 2000, and the managing system was set up by using Visual Basic 6.0. Results The Oncomelania snails were collected from the field. The database were consummated with 676 specimens, 73 collected sites from 10 provinces, and the database could be used as a series of celerity tools with appending, querying, deleting, statistics and export functions. Conclusion The spatial genetic database and managing system of Oncomelania hupensis can be used to manage snail specimens for different studies with a clear interface and simple operation. It is worthy to renew the database for further spatial genetic studies.

In this study,we summarized the results from the retrospective investigation on endemic situation of schistosomia-sis that was implemented in nine provinces(autonomous region),China in 2009,demonstrated the role of these retrospective in-vestigations in accelerating the progress of schistosomiasis control in China,and clarified the great significance of the investiga-tion for summarizing the experiences for the control of schistosomiasis,and analyzing the changing patterns and affecting factors of endemic status of schistosomiasis in China. In addition,these retrospective investigations provide reliable evidence for revis-ing the Criteria of Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination,and for the more accurate and scientific assessment of the effec-tiveness of schistosomiasis control in China.

Objective:To evaluate of the feasibility of low-dose CT(LDCT)in the reconstruction of three-dimensional(3D)model of maxillofacial hard and soft tissues.Methods:Lightspeed 16-slice spiral CT scanner was used to scan one adult cadaveric head specimens with conventional parameters(280 mA)and low dose parameters(200,150,100,50,35,25,15 and 5 mA)respectively;the 3D model of the hard and soft tissues were reconstructed with Mimics 10.01 software,and 3D comparison were carried on with Geomagic 11.0 software.A comparison of the surface morphology of the hard and soft tissues of the 3D models with different scanning parameters was made.Results:With the reduction of the tube current,the model surface became rough gradually.Compared with the 280 mA scan results,the model surface produced by 35 mA scanning was still fairing,when the dose fell to less than 25 mA,the model surface became rough and the exact shape of the model could not be recognized.The same results of model surface were pro-duced after registration.Conclusion:The low-dose (35 mA)CT can be used to reconstruct 3D model of the maxillofacial hard and soft tissues.

Objective To provide the reference for schistosomiasis control through analyzing the changes of endemic status of schistosomiasis in China in recent years. Methods The annual data of schistosomiasis prevention and control from 2002 to 2012 were collected, and the descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the changes of schistosomiasis endemic status. Re?sults Sichuan, Yunan and Jiangxi provinces reached the criteria of transmission controlled from 2002 to 2010 while Hubei, Hu?nan, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces reached the criteria of infection controlled in 2008. The number of counties where the trans?mission of schistosomiasis was controlled decreased from 110 in 2002 to 80 in 2010. The numbers of estimated schistosomiasis cases and reported acute cases fell from 810.4 thousands and 913 in 2002 to 325.8 thousands and 43 in 2010, respectively, and they were reduced by 59.79%and 95.40%respectively. The number of infected bovine went down from 23 199 in 2002 to 7 173 in 2010, with a fall of 69.03%. However, the Oncomelania hupensis snails breeding areas kept in 3.7 to 3.8 billion m2 and among which, 125 million m2 areas were newly discovered in non?endemic areas during the nine years. In 2010, 90%of schistosomiasis cases, acute cases, infected bovine, and snail breeding areas were concentrated in 5 provinces, especially in the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake areas and the regions along the Yangtze River. Conclusions The epidemic of schistosomiasis decreased sig?nificantly from 2002 to 2010. The lake regions are the key and tough areas for schistosomiasis prevention and control. To consoli?date the achievements, the surveillance and case management need to be strengthened as the extension of snail breeding areas and acute cases reported from other places becomes common.

A regions on the inner surface. This paper also discussed the relationship between nutrient foramen and the blood supply of the ilium.

Objective To investigate the tempo?spatial patterns of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County,Hubei Province,so as to identify the risk areas and provide the scientific evidence in following intervention plans for marshland epidemic areas in the stage of transmission control. Methods The schistosomiasis epidemiological data in Jiangling County from 2009 to 2013 to?gether with the related geographical information were collected and analyzed. The tempo?spatial distribution patterns were ana?lyzed by the spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial clustering analysis. Results The human infection rate was decreased from 2.15%in 2009 to 0.63%in 2013,which was the historically low level. The results of tempo?spatial analysis showed that there were spatial clustering effects in human schistosomiasis infection for each of the years. The values of spatial autocorrelation index Moran’s I were statistically significant. Eighteen and thirty?five clusters were detected by using SatScan and FlexScan soft?ware,respectively. Conclusions From 2009 to 2013,the schistosomiasis endemic situation in Jiangling County presented a decline trend and reached the historical low level. The identified spatial clustering areas should be targeted as the prioritized ar?eas for schistosomiasis control.